Li3Zn0.5SiO4水基溶胶-凝胶法合成及其离子导电性

用水基溶胶－凝胶法制备了锂离子导体Ｌｉ３Ｚｎ０．５ＳｉＯ４的纯相。实验中对干凝胶进行了ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ分析,ＸＲＤ谱结果表明形成了与高温Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４结构相关的Ｌｉ３Ｚｎ０．５ＳｉＯ４晶相,ＴＥＭ结果则显示晶粒尺寸为５０ｎｍ左右,应用交流阻抗谱技术进行了样品烧结体的电性能测试。     

水泥混凝土电化学进展—交流阻抗谱理论

水泥混凝土材料体系的电化学研究最近取得了若干重要进展，本文涉及交流阻抗谱应用于水泥混凝土材料科学的若干理论问题，包括交流阻抗谱各个参数与硬化水泥浆体结构相关的理论关系式，及其在若干水泥水化体系中的验证，表明了在复平上出现的交流阻抗半圆的位置和大小取决于材料固－液界面特性，即与孔隙率、孔分布和孔溶液中电解质浓度有关，用交流阻抗谱研究水泥浆体结构可望成为一种快速，非破坏性的测试方法。     

粉煤灰水泥基材料交流阻抗谱的弥散效应研究

为了研究掺粉煤灰水泥基材料的交流阻抗弥散效应,测试并解析了粉煤灰掺量分别为0％、10％、20％及30％,水胶比为0.4的水泥基材料试件在14 d、28 d、56 d、70 d及91d龄期时的交流阻抗谱.结果表明:基体CPE1值随水化时间呈指数式降低,CPE1的弥散指数n1随着水化时间呈对数式增大.掺0％和10％粉煤灰试件不连通孔的CPE2值远大于掺20％和30％粉煤灰试件CPE2值.无论粉煤灰掺量多少,CPE2值均随水化时间先增大,后减小.对于不同粉煤灰掺量的CPE2弥散指数n2值随水化时间呈幂函数降低.粉煤灰的掺入较大地改变了水泥基材料的弥散效应,因此,考虑弥散效应解析掺粉煤灰水泥基材料交流阻抗谱是十分必要的.     

含Ba,Sr硫铝酸盐彩色水泥中Cr离子的微观状态及显色特性

应用ＸＰＳ，光谱学方法，研究了着色Ｃｒ离子在硫铝酸盐熟料矿物及其水化浆体中的微观状态和显色特性。结果表明，Ｃｒ离子能使含Ｂａ，Ｓｒ硫铝酸盐矿物呈黄色；Ｃｒ离子在不同的硫铝酸盐矿物中价态分布大不相同。在３ＣＡ．ＣａＳＯ４中主要是Ｃｒ＾６＾＋，Ｃｒ＾５＾＋和Ｃｒ＾４＾＋；在３ＣＡ．ＢａＳＯ４中则以Ｃｒ＾５＾＋和Ｃｒ＾４＾＋为主；而在３ＣＡ．ＳｒＳＯ４中，Ｃｒ离子各价态分布分散，以Ｃｒ＾５＾＋最多。...     

含钡或锶的硫铝酸盐装饰水泥

研究了几种常用着色剂以含Ｃａ或Ｓｒ的硫铝酸盐产矿物的着色情况，发现Ｃｒ２Ｏ３着色效果较好。对于白色单矿物，其Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的最大允许含量依次为；３ＣＡ．ＳｒＳＯ４〉３ＣＡ．ＢａＳＯ４〉３ＣＡ．ＣａＳＯ４．３ＣＡ．ＳｒＳＯ４浆体固化后几乎不起霜；３ＣＡ．ＢａＳＯ４浆体发现在水化早期起霜。     

掺杂Cr_2O_3,MgO对C_4A_3形成及水化性能影响的研究

研究了掺杂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３,ＭｇＯ对Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ矿物形成及水化性能的影响．结果表明,在１３００℃保温１ｈ的煅烧条件下,掺加一定量的ＭｇＯ能促进Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ的形成,而Ｃｒ２Ｏ３则有稳定过渡产物ＣＡ的作用,从而减慢Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ的形成速度;在１３００℃保温３ｈ的煅烧条件下,掺加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３,ＭｇＯ均能使Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ的形成量增加．掺杂使Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ晶体主要以四方晶系的结构形式存在．在本实验条件下,掺杂可提高Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ的水化反应活性,其原因归结为晶体结构的畸变．     

Cr（Ⅵ）—氯代苯酚共存污染体系中的光反应与光催化反应研究

Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ（４－氯苯酚）共存污染体系中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子的紫外光致还原主要是由于Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与４ＣＰ光解产物之间的氧化还原反应而引起的．Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子还原受光强和体系酸度影响较大,还原速率呈零级反应．随体系ｐＨ值增大,Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子还原速率下降．中性条件下,光反应结束后有沉淀产物生成,这对于采用光化学方法消除环境污染提供了很有意义的结果．４ＣＰ存在对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子在ＴｉＯ２表面的暗态吸附没有影响．Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ－ＴｉＯ２体系中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子的紫外光致还原主要包括了两种反应：Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与４ＣＰ之间的均相反应以及Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子在ＴｉＯ２表面的光催化还原反应．一定波长紫外光下,排除Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ－ＴｉＯ２体系中的均相反应,使得４ＣＰ对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子光催化还原反应的促进作用得以证实．     

耐浓硫酸腐蚀新型铸造合金的研究

本文设计了新型铸造合金的化学成份：Ｃ≤０．０３；Ｓｉ４．０％～５．０％，Ｍｎ≤１．０％，Ｐ，Ｓ≤０．０３％，Ｃｒ２４．０％～２６．０％，Ｎｉ２９．０％～３１．０％，Ｍｏ２．０％～４．０％；Ｃｕ１．５％～７．５％，Ｆｅ为余量。通过Ｘ射线衍射，均匀腐蚀，点腐蚀，晶间腐蚀实验，研究了该合金的显微组织及其腐蚀行为。试验结果表明，通过Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｏ，Ｃｕ多元合金化的新型铸造合金，经１２００℃，２ｈ水     

化学修饰电极—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法联用测定水体及其悬浮物中铬（…

本文以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ化学修饰电极，聚乙烯吡啶（ＰＶＰ）化学修饰电极分别在ｐＨ４．０的溶液中预富集Ｃｒ（Ⅲ），Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），以石墨炉原子吸收法测定，Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）测定的线性范围为５～４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，检出限为２．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。十次平行测定含１０ｎｇ／ｍｌＣｒ（Ⅲ）的溶液，相对标准偏差为５．０％，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在ｐＨ４的盐酸介质中，测定的线性范围为１～２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ检出限为０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，十次平行测定含１０displa     

Ce掺杂对0.85Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)-0.15LiNbO_3铋层状压电陶瓷电性能的影响

采用固相法制备0.85Bi4Ti3O12-0.15Li Nb O3-0.75%Ce O2(BTO-LN-0.75Ce)铋层状压电陶瓷。通过阻抗谱研究不同温度和频率对样品电性能的影响。结果表明:介电常数ε*的实部ε′和虚部ε″在低频区域出现分散现象;随频率增大,阻抗(Z*)的实部Z′值逐渐减小,而虚部Z″值先增大后减小。阻抗Cole-Cole图表明:晶粒内部对电传导过程起主要作用,并可用一个并联电阻–电容电路等效。陶瓷样品的阻抗值随温度的升高而减小,电导率值在低频区域相对稳定,且电导率满足Arrhenius关系,说明陶瓷样品的电导是热激活的过程。BTO-LN-0.75Ce的电导活化能小于BTO-LN的电导活化能,分别为1.591 9和1.756 2 e V。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。