钻井泵阀的冲击特性分析

根据钻井泵阀的实际工况,构造出泵阀冲击过程的动力学模型,分析了泵阀的冲击特性,利用ANSYS软件仿真计算,得到的结果与阀座失效特征相吻合,并很好地解释了密封圈的失效机理.分析表明,在冲击接触面上,锥面下部出现总变形和等效应力的较大值,依此对泵阀密封圈的安装位置提出建设性意见;锥阀锥角的增加虽然使阀盘的关闭速度减少,但从应力特性的角度却不能显著改善泵阀的冲击疲劳.     

基于流固耦合分析研究阀弹簧刚度对隔膜泵泵阀运动规律的影响

泵阀是隔膜泵最为主要的易损件,其寿命是影响隔膜泵连续运转率的主要因素。其中泵阀的关闭速度是影响阀寿命的重要因素,减小泵阀关闭速度有利于提高泵阀的使用寿命。阀弹簧除了有助于泵阀的及时关闭,保证泵的容积效率,而且改变阀弹簧的刚度可以改变泵阀的关闭速度。本文采用流固耦合分析手段得出阀的关闭速度,对比不同弹簧刚度对泵阀关闭速度的影响,从而优化泵阀弹簧刚度,提高泵阀的使用寿命。     

船用橡胶隔振器寿命评估方法研究

橡胶隔振器随使用时间延长会逐渐老化,阐述了橡胶的老化机理和橡胶隔振器的功能特性和失效判断准则,并提出基于加速等效疲劳试验和热空气加速老化试验的橡胶隔振器寿命评估方法,使用该方法评估了某型船用隔振器的使用寿命。     

基于比例风险模型的板级无铅焊点跌落寿命分析

文中进行了三组跌落高度下的焊点疲劳寿命试验,采用比例风险模型(PHM)分析跌落高度对焊点寿命分布的影响。PHM模型估计得到的焊点寿命期望(MTTF)及寿命失效概率密度与实验数据都能够较好的吻合,验证了模型的有效性。且由焊点跌落MTTF值随高度变化曲线可看出,当跌落高度略大于0.6m时焊点MTTF值都小于10次,表明无铅焊点对冲击载荷非常敏感。最后用估计得到的寿命期望结合Miner准则得到板极无铅焊点跌落寿命损伤累积模型。     

板级跌落冲击载荷下无铅焊点形状对BGA封装可靠性的影响

焊点高度和焊盘尺寸相同情况下,分析焊点形状（桶形、柱形、沙漏形）对BGA封装在板级跌落冲击载荷下可靠性的影响。根据不同焊点形状建立3种3D有限元模型,采用Input-G方法将加速度曲线作为数值模型的载荷输入,对BGA封装件在板级跌落冲击载荷下的可靠性进行分析。结果表明：在跌落冲击过程中,在0.1ms左右PCB板出现最大弯曲变形;焊点形状对BGA封装件在跌落冲击过程中的可靠性有较大的影响;以最大剥离应力作为失效准则对三种焊点进行寿命预测, 沙漏形焊点的平均碰撞寿命值最大,其次是柱形焊点,桶形焊点最小,表明沙漏形焊点在跌落测试中表现出较好的抗跌落碰撞性能。     

高速列车荷载作用下铸钢焊接节点的疲劳分析

钢结构特别是焊接钢结构对动荷载特别敏感。武广客运专线武汉火车站采用了新型的“桥建合一”的结构型式,在长期往复动荷载作用下,上部大跨度钢结构的疲劳寿命令人关注。论文建立了铸钢节点包括焊缝的精细有限元模型,基于热点应力法和Miner线性累积损伤理论,分析了武汉站上部大跨度钢结构10管相贯焊接铸钢节点的疲劳寿命。分析结果表明：列车振动荷载引起的动应力对铸钢节点的疲劳寿命影响不大,满足结构使用寿命100年的要求。分析方法可为国内今后类似结构的疲劳寿命分析提供参考。     

考虑应变均值影响的天然橡胶隔振元件疲劳寿命预测

对橡胶试柱进行单轴疲劳试验,分析了应变幅值一定时,应变均值对疲劳寿命的影响。以哑铃型天然橡胶试柱为研究对象,通过有限元计算分析,得到了加载位移与橡胶试柱危险位置处最大主应变的关系。构建了应变均值函数,以应变比R=0时的 曲线为基准疲劳寿命曲线,建立了不同应变均值和幅值下的天然橡胶隔振元件的疲劳寿命预测模型。使用该模型预测得到的哑铃型天然橡胶试柱疲劳寿命与试验疲劳寿命具有较好相关性。文中提出的天然橡胶元件的疲劳寿命预测模型,可用于建立天然橡胶材料的疲劳寿命数据库。     

SMA490BW钢对接接头高周疲劳性能的机理探究

通过设计对比试验系统地分析应力集中、晶粒细化、残余应力等因素对转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头高周疲劳性能的影响,并得出占据主导作用的因素。借助扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,探究对接接头冲击前后的失效模式。结果表明:经超声冲击或机械打磨处理后,试样的疲劳寿命均得到不同程度的提高。将焊缝余高彻底磨平对接头疲劳寿命的增益效果最为显著,其疲劳寿命相比原始对接接头可提高近百倍。改善应力集中、细化表层晶粒、引入残余压应力对对接接头延寿的贡献占比分别约为58%、29%和13%。对接接头的疲劳失效大多始于焊趾表面,经超声冲击处理后,疲劳裂纹源可能由材料表面转向内部缺陷。     

给水三通阀阀杆断裂失效分析

通过对发生断裂失效的给水三通阀阀杆进行宏观检查、化学成分分析、拉伸试验、冲击试验、金相检验和硬度试验,分析了其断裂原因。结果表明:阀杆断裂为疲劳断裂,阀杆断裂的主要原因是表面渗氮处理增加了阀杆与阀芯表面相交处的脆性,加上阀杆与阀芯表面相交的位置结构突变造成应力集中,在流体的长期挤压和剪切力作用下,便会在应力集中部位的渗氮层中形成裂纹源,并在阀杆服役时的交变应力的作用下,裂纹从渗氮层逐步扩展到阀杆基体,最终导致阀杆断裂失效。     

冲击载荷对飞机起落架螺纹连接的影响

对近期民航飞机主起落架连杆插销螺栓失效原因进行分析,估计出飞机降落过程中插销螺栓承受的最大冲击载荷为698 MPa,采用Yamamoto方法分析计算得到插销螺栓每一个啮合螺纹的应力分布,利用有限元分析法建立了连杆插销螺栓连接的有限元模型,分析所有啮合螺纹的应力应变场。分析了冲击载荷对螺旋效果和螺纹啮合位置产生的影响,这为飞机起落架的校查及使用寿命预测提供了重要的依据。     

φ139.7 mm×10.54 mm G105钻杆刺穿失效分析

采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、扫描电镜断口分析及能谱分析等手段对某规格为φ139.7 mm×10.54 mm的G105钻杆的刺穿原因进行了分析。结果表明:钻杆刺穿的实质是早期疲劳失效;蹩钻、跳钻等钻柱振动引起钻杆上产生的严重交变应力是导致钻杆失效的主要原因;钻井液中的溶解氧对钻杆外表面造成氧腐蚀并形成腐蚀坑,促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生;钻铤直接过渡到钻杆,截面变化突然,使应力集中加剧,也是导致钻杆发生疲劳失效的原因之一。建议在钻井液中添加除氧剂和缓蚀剂,并适当降低钻压,调整钻井参数,避免钻柱剧烈振动。     

Fatigue life assessment for brake disc of railway vehicle

The brake disc of a railway should have stability. After long-term use, the brake disc may be seriously damaged by thermal fatigue cracks on the frictional surface. In this study, fatigue tests were carried out for a brake disc material (GC25). Furthermore, in order to determine the cause of the thermal fatigue cracks, contact pressure and thermal stress analyses were performed. From these results, the linear relation between temperature and stress variations was obtained, and the remaining life assessment of the brake disc of a railway vehicle was performed by using it.     

基于流固耦合的导叶式离心泵强度分析

运用顺序耦合和双向流固耦合方法对导叶式离心泵进行了强度分析。通过顺序流固耦合方法,对叶轮进行了静应力强度分析,并与双向流固耦合方法得到的结果进行了比较。同时,对双向流固耦合结果中最大等效应力节点A和最大变形区域的节点B在叶轮旋转一周过程中的等效应力变化的时域图以及频域图进行了分析。结果表明,最大等效应力出现在叶轮前盖板、叶片背面和叶轮出口边的交界处（节点A）;叶片进口边中部以及与前后盖板的交界处和叶片出口与后盖板的交界处这些地方有应力集中,可能发生强度破坏。后盖板出口处且正好在流道中部位置变形最大（节点B）,可能发生刚度破坏。对于静力学分析,顺序耦合与双向耦合的结果基本一致。节点A的变形量小于节点B,但交变应力的幅值却远大于节点B。疲劳裂纹的扩展速度主要取决于交变应力幅值的大小,因此,在节点A处更易发生疲劳破坏。计算结果对导叶式离心泵叶轮结构优化设计提供了有效依据。     

横向载荷下复合材料层合板疲劳分析

疲劳破坏是结构失效的主要原因之一。基于复合材料各向异性层合板的宏观力学理论,分析在横向交变载荷作用下层合板的应力场。结合材料的S-N曲线和累积损伤原理,建立局部名义应力与结构整体寿命相关联的疲劳寿命预测模型,计算层合板的疲劳损伤和寿命。采用名义应力的方法估算复合材料层合板的疲劳寿命较为便捷和直观。     

Rib loading effects on weld root fatigue failure modes at rib‐to‐deck welded joint

The service life of orthotropic steel decks is dependent on the fatigue resistance of rib‐to‐deck welded joints, which is often tested using two kinds of experimental models in terms of the rib loading condition. Different weld root fatigue failure modes have been observed in the different models, but the role of rib loading remains unclear. This paper aims to clarify the effect of rib loadings on the weld root fatigue failure modes at rib‐to‐deck welded joints. The loadings are decomposed into the deck loadings and rib loadings according to the principle of superposition. Formulae of the weld root notch stress intensity factors and T‐stress under rib loadings are developed by multiparameter regression analysis and subsequently used for the local stress analysis. The fatigue failure modes determined from the local stress field agree well with the experimental results. The results reveal that the weld root failure modes depend on the rib loadings but are independent of the weld geometries. The averaged strain energy density (SED) that can capture both weld geometry and loading condition effects is used to correlate the fatigue test data of different weld root failure modes. The SED is capable of evaluating the fatigue strength of the rib‐to‐deck welded joint failed by different weld root failure modes with a narrow scatter band.     

空调压缩机阀片失效分析

某空调压缩机使用约半月,压缩机中的阀自理即产生断裂。通过对空调压缩机阀片的化学成分分析、金相观察、磁粉探伤和断口扫描电镜及能谱分析,确定了阀片断裂失效方式是疲劳破坏。原材料中非金属夹杂物的存在是导致疲劳破坏的原因。用工程断裂力学研究了非金属夹杂物尺寸对阀片疲劳寿命的影响。     

Fretting fatigue failure mechanism of automotive shock absorber valve

Fretting fatigue is a complex mechanical failure phenomenon, in which two contact surfaces undergo a small relative oscillatory motion due to cyclic loading. This study proposes a methodology to analyze the fretting fatigue failure mechanism of automotive shock absorber valve by means of experimental and numerical approaches. A servo hydraulic test set-up is used to simulate fretting fatigue under real working conditions. Moreover, a 3-D finite element model is developed to analyze the contact status and stress distribution at contact interface between connected components, i.e. washer-disc contact. The experimental test results depict that fretting damage appears at contact interface between washer and disc, which causes the initial crack nucleation and advancing the crack up to the final fracture of valve disc. Stress field, obtained by numerical simulation, is used to monitor some fretting fatigue features such as the distribution of relative slip amplitude, contact pressure and different stress fields at contact interfaces. Eventually, the crack initiation site is estimated by monitoring variation of equivalent multiaxial damage stress at contact interface.     

Failure Analysis on Fractured Diesel Engine Camshafts

The diesel engine injection pump camshafts used in a truck failed after only 13,000 km of service. The failed camshafts were made from a 20Cr steel. The failure occurred at the keyway region of the camshafts. Fractographic studies indicate that fatigue fracture was the main failure mechanism, and the circumferential tangent stress resulting from insufficient static friction force between the cone of the camshaft and the timer acting on the edges of the keyway caused the initiation of the fatigue cracks at the root of the keyway. An abnormal Widmannstätten structure ferrite microstructure was found at the cone position of the camshafts, and initiation and growth of the cracks was facilitated by the microstructure.     

Uniaxial ratcheting behavior and fatigue life models of commercial pure titanium

The uniaxial fatigue and ratcheting behavior of commercial pure titanium (CP‐Ti) was investigated by asymmetric cyclic stress‐controlled experiments at room temperature. The effects of mean stress, stress amplitude, stress ratio, and peak stress on ratcheting behavior and fatigue life were discussed. It was found that increasing mean stress, stress amplitude, and peak stress or decreasing stress ratio reduced fatigue life and promoted ratcheting behavior. The applicability of different fatigue life models was analyzed, and a new stress ratio‐related failure model was proposed based on the exponential increase of fatigue life with stress ratio. Among all the models investigated in this study, the exponential stress ratio‐related model has more advantage in fatigue life predictions for CP‐Ti under ratcheting‐fatigue interaction.