Numerical simulation of HP rotor cooling configuration using parameterized method

This paper implemented cooling configuration design on certain gas turbine HP rotor using parameterized method.It is convenient for complicated gas turbine blade modeling using parameters and also benefit for the geometry modify in later period.Parameterized modeling is the foundation of air cooling turbine blade design method engineering application.Mesh quality can be awarded when generated complicated cooling configuration blade grids,and also the increase of calculation error can arise by many mesh blocks.Film cooling and serpentine passage can effectively enhance the cooling effectiveness and protect blade.     

Multi-action-based approach for constructing knowledge map

To alleviate the information overload in the product design process, this work proposes a multi-action-based method for constructing knowledge map. Since the relationships of knowledge are implicit in the collected user activities, the method calculates the similarity according to the collected user activities. Three concepts, including knowledge, action and user, are explained first. Based on this, the similarity calculation method is illustrated in detail. The dependencies of actions and relations of the user are considered in the calculation method. Further, the approach of applying the constructed knowledge map to alleviate information overload is proposed. At last, the proposed method is validated by a knowledge search and result comparison experiment.     

Reliability and sensitivity of bogie frame of high-speed train with strength degradation

High-speed bogie frame is a key mechanical component in a train system. The reliability analysis of the bogie is necessary to the safety of high-speed train. Reliability analysis of a bogie frame was considered. The equivalent load method was employed to account for random repeated loads in structural reliability analysis. Degradation of material strength was regarded as a Gamma process. The probabilistic perturbation method was, then, employed for response moment computation. Example of a high-speed train bogie structure under time-variant load was employed for reliability and sensitivity analyses. Monte-Carlo simulation verifies the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in time-variant reliability analysis. The analysis results show that the reliability calculation considering the strength degradation and repeated load is closer to the practicality than the method of considering reliability calculation only. Its decreasing velocity is faster than the traditional reliability. The reliability sensitivity value changes over time. The analysis results provide a variation trend of reliability and sensitivity to design and usage of bogie frame.     

A strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters and its application

In the traditional strength reduction method,the cohesion and the friction angle adopt the same reduction parameter,resulting in equivalent proportional reduction.This method does not consider the different effects of the cohesion and friction angle on the stability of the same slope and is defective to some extent.Regarding this defect,a strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters,which adopts different reduction parameters,is proposed.The core of the double-parameter reduction method is the matching reduction principle of the slope with different angles.This principle is represented by the ratio of the reduction parameter of the cohesion to that of the friction angle,described as η.With the increase in the slopeangle,ηincreases; in particular,when the slope angle is 45°,tηis 1.0.Through the matching reduction principle,different safety margin factors can be calculated for the cohesion and friction angle.In combination with these two safety margin factors,a formula for calculating the overall safety factor of the slope is proposed,reflecting the different contributions of the cohesion and friction angle to the slope stability.Finally,it is shown that the strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters acquires a larger safety factor than the classic limit equilibrium method,but the calculation results are very close to those obtained by the limit equilibrium method.     

Weighted sum based method on the optimal weights for weapon evaluation

In order to solve instability problem of calculation precision resulting from the selection of each target weight in evaluating weapon systems,a weighted sum based method is proposed. Specifically, the subjective weights depending on experts ’ experience are substituted by the optimal weights. The optimal weights are acquired through constructing a mathematical programming model based on subjective weights and objective weights. The method of solving subjective weights is the same as before,and the objective weights were solved by means of grey theory. The case analysis shows that the method of improved weighted sum can improve the evaluation precision up to more than 5%,and minimize the instability of calculation precision resulting from only using subjective weights. The method that the optimal weights substituted the subjective weights is brought forward in improving evaluation precision for the first time. The ideas of the optimal weights and the proposed method are described and analyzed.     

Control of dynamic stall of helicopter rotor blades

An effective method for delaying the dynamic stall of helicopter retreating blade by using the trailing edge flap has been established in this paper.The aerodynamic loads of blade section are calculated by using the Leishman-Beddoes unsteady two-dimensional dynamic stall model and the aerodynamic loads of the trailing edge flap section are calculated by using the Hariharan-Leishman unsteady two-dimensional subsonic model.The analytical model for dynamic stall of elastic blade with the stiff trailing edge flap has been established.Adopting the aeroelastic analytical method and the Galerkin’s method combined with numerical integration,the aeroelastic responses of rotor system in high-speed and high-load forward flight are solved.The mechanism for control of dynamic stall of retreating blade by using trailing edge flap has been presented.The numerical results indicate that the reasonably controlled swing of trailing edge flap can delay the dynamic stall of retreating blade under the same flight conditions.     

An extension of 2D Janbu’s generalized proce-dure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis II——Numerical method and applications

1 Introduction The theoretical formulation for 3D slope stability analysis has been proposed in Part I of this paper. To realize the method in numerical code, some popular software can be used for programming in a transparent manner such as SPREADSHEET-Microsoft Ex- cel and MATHCAD. The geometric shape and characteristics of a slope can also be graphically displayed in the integrated interface of the built-in program. As the whole calculation procedure for 2D Janbu’ method is well k…     

Distinguishability analysis of controller parameters with applications to DFIG based wind turbine

The power system controllers normally have more than one parameter.The distinguishability analysis of the controller parameters is to identify whether the optimal set of the parameters of the controllers is unique.It is difficult to obtain the analytic relationship between the objective of the optimization and the controller parameters,which means that the analytical method is not suitable for the distinguishability analysis.Therefore,a trajectory sensitivity based numerical method for the distinguishability analysis of the controller parameters is proposed in this paper.The relationship between the distinguishability and the sensitivities of the parameters is built.The magnitudes of the sensitivities are used to identify the key parameters,while the phase angles of the sensitivities are used to analyze the distinguishability of the key parameters.The distinguishability of the controller parameters of wind turbine with DFIG is studied using the proposed method,and dynamic simulations are performed to verify the results of the distinguishability analysis.     

Dynamic Shafting Alignment Algorithms Considering Sensitivity Analysis and Its Application

A method for dynamic alignment calculation of a large turbogenerator shafting is proposed. The method can analyze bearing load and bearing load sensitivity. Shafting alignment is made up of two parts:static alignment and dynamic alignment. Static alignment forms the basis of dynamic alignment, its mathematical model is deduced by transfer matrix method, the shafting static characteristic parameters under specific alignment installation requirements were obtained afterwards. Based on superposition method, bearing sensitivity analysis is performed to find the impact of slight bearing elevation change of the static alignment result. Above static alignment, dynamic shafting alignment considers the internal geometry of bearing under rotating state, static Reynolds equation is solved by the finite difference method and the relative position relationship of the center of journal and bearing are obtained. For static characteristic parameters calculated by static alignment and bearing sensitivity analysis, the calculation accuracy is verified by finite element software. The alignment model and codes in this paper can be a tool for the installation and safety analysis of large-scale shafting with three-point or four-point supports.     

Attenuation Parameters of Blasting Vibration by Fuzzy Nonlinear Regression Analysis

In order to reduce the influence of outliers on the parameter estimate of the attenuation formula for the blasting vibration velocity, a fuzzy nonlinear regression method of Sadov’s vibration formula was proposed on the basis of the fuzziness of blasting engineering, and the algorithm was described in details as well. In accordance with an engineering case, the vibration attenuation formula was regressed by the fuzzy nonlinear regression method and the nonlinear least square method, respectively. The calculation results showed that the fuzzy nonlinear regression method is more suitable to the field test data. It differs from the nonlinear least square method because the weight of residual square in the objective function can be adjusted according to the membership of each data. And the deviation calculation of least square estimate of parameters in the nonlinear regression model verified the rationality of using the membership to assign the weight of residual square. The fuzzy nonlinear regression method provides a calculation basis for estimating Sadov’s vibration formula’s parameters more accurately.     

Moving object detection method based on complementary multi resolution background models

A novel moving object detection method was proposed in order to adapt the difficulties caused by intermittent object motion, thermal and dynamic background sequences. Two groups of complementary Gaussian mixture models were used. The ghost and real static object could be classified by comparing the similarity of the edge images further. In each group, the multi resolution Gaussian mixture models were used and dual thresholds were applied in every resolution in order to get a complete object mask without much noise. The computational color model was also used to depress illustration variations and light shadows. The proposed method was verified by the public test sequences provided by the IEEE Change Detection Workshop and compared with three state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is better than others for all of the evaluation parameters in intermittent object motion sequences. Four and two in the seven evaluation parameters are better than the others in thermal and dynamic background sequences, respectively. The proposed method shows a relatively good performance, especially for the intermittent object motion sequences.     

Study on optimal design of vertical-shaft mechanical mixer based on numerical simulation of flow field

In the paper the three-dimensional flow fields are numerically simulated in the vertical-shaft mechanical mix tank of a water treatment plant by means of FLUENT software based on the method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The influences of design parameters on flow fields and the mixing effect are analyzed. Firstly,the prediction capability of the turbulence model adopted in simulations is evaluated. And then,the mesh independence is checked up. Finally,the flow fields in various dimensionless blade diameters and dimensionless shaft spans are numerically simulated respectively. The results have shown that the numerical simulation method based on CFD is a feasible assistance for the optimal designs of mixers. Moreover,the optimal design of the blade diameter should take into account both the flow field and the power consumption. The optimization of the shaft span is to achieve a relatively even distribution of the flow field without any rupture. With the consideration of an optimal design,the dimensionless blade diameter and dimensionless shaft span should be 0.45 and 0.57 respectively in the case.     

Identification of structure and parameters of rheological constitutive model for rocks using differential evolution algorithm

To determine structure and parameters of a rheological constitutive model for rocks,a new method based on differential evolution(DE) algorithm combined with FLAC3D(a numerical code for geotechnical engineering) was proposed for identification of the global optimum coupled of model structure and its parameters.At first,stochastic coupled mode was initialized,the difference in displacement between the numerical value and in-situ measurements was regarded as fitness value to evaluate quality of the coupled mode.Then the coupled-mode was updated continually using DE rule until the optimal parameters were found.Thus,coupled-mode was identified adaptively during back analysis process.The results of applications to Jinping tunnels in China show that the method is feasible and efficient for identifying the coupled-mode of constitutive structure and its parameters.The method overcomes the limitation of the traditional method and improves significantly precision and speed of displacement back analysis process.     

Unified calculation of eigen-solutions in power systems based on matrix perturbation theory

Calculation of eigen-solutions plays an important role in the small signal stability analysis of power systems.In this paper,a novel approach based on matrix perturbation theory is proposed for the calculation of eigen-solutions in a perturbed system.Rigorous theoretical analysis is conducted on the solution of distinct,multiple,and close eigen-solutions,respectively,under perturbations of parameters.The computational flowchart of the unified solution of eigen-solutions is then proposed,aimed toward obtaining eigen-solutions of a perturbed system directly with algebraic formulas without solving an eigenvalue problem repeatedly.Finally,the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for eigen-solutions’calculation in power systems is verified by numerical examples on a two-area four-machine system.     

Orientation density and workspace analysis of a parallel stabilized platform testing system

An optimized workspace calculation method is proposed for parallel stabilized platform testing systems.This method refines the searched space progressively in order to approach the boundary of the workspace from both the inside and the outside of it.The orientation density is defined and used as an evaluation index to calculate the orientation workspace.The algorithm of the orientation density is embedded into the computer program of the workspace calculation.Then the workspaces of the testing system are solved.In the solution,the orientation density is regarded as a discrete function of the reachable workspace.As a result,the reachable workspace and the orientation workspace are represented in the same multidimensional graphs.Finally the useful workspace of the testing system is determined based on these results.This case study indicates that the calculation efficiency is enhanced by adopting the optimized method and the practicability of workspace study is improved by proposing the orientation density.     

Iterative circle fitting based on circular attracting factor

An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together form an overall effect that "draws" CA,n towards best fitting to the group of points. The basic element of the force is called circular attracting factor(CAF) which is defined as a real scalar in a radial direction of CA,n. An iterative algorithm based on this idea is proposed, and the convergence and accuracy are analyzed. The algorithm converges uniformly which is proved by the analysis of Lyapunov function, and the accuracy of the algorithm is in accord with that of geometric least squares of circle fitting. The algorithm is adopted to circle detection in grayscale images, in which the transferring to binary images is not required, and thus the algorithm is less sensitive to lightening and background noise. The main point for the adaption is the calculation of CAF which is extended in radial directions of CA,n for the whole image. All pixels would apply forces to CA,n, and the overall effect of forces would be equivalent to a force from the centroid of pixels to CA,n. The forces from would-be edge pixels would overweigh that from noisy pixels, so the following approximate circle would be of better fitting. To reduce the amount of calculation, pixels are only used in an annular area including the boundary of CA,n just in between for the calculation of CAF. Examples are given, showing the process of circle fitting of scattered points around a circle from an initial assuming circle, comparing the fitting results for scattered points from some related literature, applying the method proposed for circular edge detection in grayscale images with noise, and/or with only partial arc of a circle, and for circle detection in BGA inspection.     

Radiator Optimization Design for Planar Motors Based on Parametric Components

Focusing on the design problem of high-performance radiators for planar motors in the wafer stage of the lithography machine, a thermal-fluid coupling optimization scheme based on parametric solid components was proposed. The mapping method between component parameters and pseudo-density values was established. An analytical solution for the sensitivity of pseudo-density to component parameters was given. The conjugate heat transfer function with the shallow channel approximation term was solved through the pseudo-density information. In the optimization example, circular components were selected, and the position and the size of solid components were chosen as design variables. In order to eliminate calculation errors caused by pseudo-density, an optimized pseudo-density field was converted into the result based on parametric components. Compared to the reference motor radiator, the average surface temperature rise of the optimized water-cooling motor radiator is reduced by 22.4%, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The group theory for solving electromagnetic scattering problems with geometric symmetric structure

It is a very important issue to reduce computer storage and calculation time for matrix in solving scattering field by making use of geometric and physical symmetric features of a scattering body. A general definition for the symmetric and anti-symmetric structure is given by applying the group theory in mathematics and a general method for treating the electromagnetic scattering problems with symmetry is proposed. An example for applying the theory mentioned above is also given.     

Numerical simulation for sheet metal forming process of 16Mn blade of large concrete-mixer truck

A finite element analysis method was used to simulate the stamping process of the blade of a large concrete-mixer truck. The updated Lagrange method and the elasto-plastic constitutive equation were adopted to solve the large strain and displacement deformation of the blade. A modified Coulomb friction model was used to solve the sliding contact between the blade and the dies. The yon Mises stress distribution in the blade, the spatial displacement variation and the spring-back of the typical node were investigated in the simulation. The yon Mises stress in the blade where the spring-back occurs is lowered from 463.0 MPa to 150.0 MPa before and after the spring-back.A typical node in the blade has a 3.33 mm spring-back in Z direction. The results of the experiments agree well with the simulation. The analysis results are valuable for designing optimal tool dies.     

Energy saving analysis of segment positioning in shield tunneling machine considering assembling path optimization

A motion parameter optimization method based on the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption in segment positioning was proposed for segment erector of shield tunneling machine. The segment positioning process was decomposed into rotation, lifting and sliding actions in deriving the energy calculation model of segment erection. The work of gravity was taken into account in the mathematical modeling of energy consumed by each actuator. In order to investigate the relationship between the work done by the actuator and the path moved along by the segment, the upward and downward directions as well as the operating quadrant of the segment erector were defined. Piecewise nonlinear function of energy was presented, of which the result is determined by closely coupled components as working parameters and some intermediate variables. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization method was proved by conducting a case study with a segment erector for the tunnel with a diameter of 3 m and drawing comparisons between different assembling paths. The results show that the energy required by assembling a ring of segments along the optimized moving path can be reduced up to 5%. The method proposed in this work definitely provides an effective energy saving solution for shield tunneling machine.