Si3N4/Ni nanocomposite formed by electroplating:Effect of average size of nanoparticulates

Properties of Si3N4/Ni electroplated nanocomposite such as corrosion current density after long time immersion,roughness of obtained layer and distribution of nanometric particulates were studied.Other effective factors for fabrication of nanocomposite coatings were fixed for better studying the effect of the average size of nanoparticulates.The effects of the different average size of nanometric particulates(ASNP)from submicron scale(less than 1μm)to nanometric scale(less than 10 nm)were studied.The nanostructures of surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM).Corrosion rates of the coatings were determined using the Tafel polarization test.It is seen that decreasing the ASNP will lead to lower corrosion current densities;however,in some cases,pitting phenomena are observed.The roughness illustrates a minimum level while the distribution of nanometric particulates is more uniform by decreasing the ASNP.The effects of pulsed current on electrodeposition(frequency,duty cycle)and concentration of nanoparticulates in electrodeposition bath on trend of obtained curves have been discussed.Response surface methodology was applied for optimizing the effective operating conditions of coatings.The levels studied were frequency range between 1 000 and 9 000 Hz,duty cycle between 10%and 90%and concentration of nanoparticulates of 10-90 g/L.     

Characterization of Ni-W/MWCNT nanocomposite layers formed by pulsed electrochemical deposition

Ni-W/MWCNT nanocomposite layers with high concentration and uniformly dispersed MWCNT nanoparticulates were formed by pulsed electrochemical deposition technique. Nanocomposite layers were analyzed by SEM, AFM, microhardness and tafel tests. Effect of frequency of pulsed current and concentration of MWCNT nanoparticulates in metallic matrix have been investigated on electrochemical and mechanical properties of obtained layers. It has been concluded that both of the electrochemical and mechanical properties of Ni-W/MWCNT nanocomposite layers formed by pulsed current were improved significantly with respect to Ni-W layer with out nanoparticulates. It was revealed that the obtained results were not only concerned by the concentration of MWCNT nanoparticulates in the nanocomposite layer, but also influenced by the distribution of nanoparticulates in metallic matrix.     

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix using electrodeposition

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.     

AZ91镁合金脉冲电沉积Ni-SiC纳米复合涂层的磨损与腐蚀性能

为了改善AZ91镁合金的表面性能,在含0-15g／LSiC纳米颗粒的改进的瓦特槽中,采用脉冲电沉积得到不同SiC含量的Ni-SiC纳米复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究涂层的形貌,采用能谱仪（EDs）测试涂层的SiC含量。从15g／LSiC槽中电沉积得到的样品,其涂层的显微硬度提高了600％。采用动电位极化法研究包覆AZ91镁合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明,样品的耐腐蚀性能明显提高,即腐蚀电流密度从未包覆样品的0．13mA／cm2降低到槽中含15∥LSiC电沉积包覆样品的1．74x101mA／cm2,腐蚀电位从未包覆样品的-1．6V增加到槽中电沉积包覆样品的-0．31V。使用盘销摩擦测试仪评估了包覆和未包覆样品的耐磨性能,包覆样品的磨损量比未包覆的小8倍。     

Structure and mechanical properties of nickel/carbon nanocomposite films formed by microwave plasma-assisted deposition technique from argon-acetylene gas mixture

The structure and mechanical properties of nickel/hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Ni/a-C:H) films formed by microwave plasma-assisted deposition technique were investigated as a function of the carbon content using various methods: Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Raman spectroscopy and tribometry. The size of carbon clusters determined by Raman spectroscopy in Ni/a-C:H films deposited in gas mixtures containing 40 and 60% of C₂H₂, and in nickel free a-C:H films was 1 and 4 nm, respectively. However, the amorphous Ni/a-C:H films deposited from a gas mixture containing 60% of C₂H₂ exhibited the lowest friction coefficient (∼ 0.04), at the same time the nanohardness of these films was ∼ 7 GPa.     

脉冲偏压占空比对TiSiN薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀方法,通过改变脉冲偏压占空比在M2高速钢和单晶硅片基体上沉积TiSiN薄膜,研究脉冲偏压占空比对TiSiN薄膜形貌结构、元素成分、相结构、纳米硬度和耐蚀性能的影响。脉冲偏压占空比为30%时,TiSiN薄膜表面的大颗粒数目达到最大值832个,占空比为60%时,大颗粒数目减小到451个;脉冲偏压占空比从20%增加到50%,Si试样表面的膜层厚度从390.8 nm增加到2.339 μm;占空比为30%时,Si在薄膜中的含量最高为13.88at%,(220)晶面为择优取向,晶粒尺寸达到最小值5.05 nm,硬度达到28.34 GPa,自腐蚀电流密度达到最小0.5306 μA/cm²;占空比为40%时,(111)晶面为择优取向,Si的含量降低到最小值0.46at%;占空比为50%时,(111)晶面的晶粒尺寸达到13.22 nm,硬度达到最大值42.08 GPa,自腐蚀电位达到最高值-0.324 V(vs SCE)。40%以上的占空比可以减少大颗粒缺陷数量,降低TiSiN薄膜中的Si含量,改变TiSiN薄膜晶粒生长的择优取向,提高薄膜的硬度和耐蚀性能。     

电沉积方式对Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积和超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,研究电沉积方式对纳米复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理。结果表明:电沉积方式对Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸和性能有较大影响;当超声波引入脉冲电沉积过程时,超声波的强力搅拌作用和超声空化效应能促进CeO2纳米颗粒在镀层中均匀分布,进一步减小镀层的晶粒尺寸,明显提高镀层的显微硬度,从而改善镀层的摩擦磨损性能;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能均优于纯Ni镀层的;而超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒更加细小、显微硬度最高,其摩擦因数最低,耐磨损性能最佳。     

Nanostructure and corrosion behaviors of nanombe formed Ti-Zr alloy

In order to investigate the nanostructures and corrosion behaviors of Ti-Zr alloys, nanotube formed Ti-Zr(10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in mass fraction) alloys were prepared by arc melting and the condition of controlling nanostructure was at 1 000 °C for 24 h in argon atmosphere; formation of nanotubes was conducted by anodizing a Ti-Zr alloy in H₃PO₄ electrolyte with a small amount of fluoride ions at room temperature. The corrosion properties of specimens were examined through potentiodynamic test (potential range of −1 500–2 000 mV) in 0.9% NaCl solution by using potentiostat. Microstructures of the alloys were observed by optical microscope(OM), field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). Diameter of nanotube does not depend on Zr content, but interspace of nanotube predominantly depends on Zr content, which confirms that ZrO₂ oxides play a role to increase the interspace of nanotube formed on the surface.     

Nanostructure of near-surface Si layers formed by implantation and pulsed laser annealing

A Si single crystal was implanted with a 5·10¹⁵ cm⁻² dose of 80 keV Si ions. We report the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the structural changes induced by ultraviolet laser pulse in this crystal. The structural changes in the near-surface region were examined by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction, Rutherford backscattering and interference-polarizing Nomarski microscopy. Numerical calculations of transient temperature profiles in the irradiated target were performed in order to evaluate the threshold and the optimal value of the radiation energy density, and to determine the temperature profiles in the annealed region. The obtained results were compared with previous findings of a defect structure in a laser annealed Si crystal matrix implanted with Ge ions. The formation of an extended defect structure on the surface of the annealed areas where melting and solidification occur was observed. The creation of this structure is a result of the relaxation of stresses caused by inhomogeneous heating and inhomogeneous cooling of the melted near-surface layer and it is independent of the introduced dopant.     

Friction and wear behavior of Cu-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition

The friction and wear behavior of copper matrix nanocomposites reinforced with nanosized ceria particles, synthesized by pulse electrocodeposition technique, have been investigated. Tests have been carried out under dry sliding conditions by rubbing against a steel ball at varying loads ranging from 4 to 20 N and at constant speed of 11 rpm using a ball-on-disk wear tester. The experimental results indicate that the wear resistance of copper composite is superior to that of pure copper at all the loads and it improves with the increasing amount of ceria in the copper matrix. The friction coefficient and wear rates increase with the increase in applied load. When the load increases from 4 to 20 N, the transition of wear regime from local damage to delamination of a mechanically mixed layer (MML) occurs.     

高速电喷镀纳米复合镀层组织与性能研究

采用高速电喷镀工艺制备纳米Ni／PTFE复合镀层。研究了电流密度、镀液中纳米PTFE含量等工艺参数对镀层性能的影响。研究结果表明，提高电流密度可显著提高复合镀层的沉积速率、镀层与基体的结合强度以及镀层的耐腐蚀性：镀层与基体的结合强度随镀液中PTFE的加入量的改变而变化，当加入量为10ml／L时，镀层经30次热震试验后，镀层无明显剥落：Ni与纳米PTFE共沉积可显著改善镀层的耐腐蚀性能。     

退火处理对Ni-Al纳米复合镀层循环氧化性能的影响

研究在500℃真空扩散不同时间条件下的扩散合金化对Ni-Al纳米复合镀层的结构与抗循环氧化性能的影响。结果表明：扩散不仅导致Ni-Al纳米复合镀层的基体Ni晶粒粗化,还导致Al固溶在基体Ni中,Ni与Al之间形成金属化合物;随着扩散合金化时间的延长,Ni-Al合金涂层中的空洞减少,从而减少了合金涂层在循环氧化过程中出现的穿透性裂纹和内氧化,抑制了氧化膜剥落区瘤状NiO的形成,提高了Ni-Al合金涂层的抗循环氧化性能。     

脉冲电沉积SiC/TiN颗粒增强Ni-Mo纳米复合镀层研究

米用脉冲电沉积技术在6061铝合金表面制备SiC/TiN颗粒增强Ni-Mo纳米复合镀层.通过在镀层中引入SiC、TiN纳米颗粒并改变电沉积的平均电流密度和占空比,调控复合镀层的微结构,探讨纳米颗粒增强涂层的成膜过程与晶粒细化机理,研究复合镀层的组织结构与耐蚀性、耐磨性的关系.结果表明:双纳米颗粒的加入使镀层结构由锥状向...     

Microstructure ofin situ MoSi2/SiC nanocomposite coating formed on Mo substrate by displacement reaction

The microstructure of an in-situ Mosi₂/β-SiC nanocomposite coating formed by the solid-state displacement reactions of Si deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with Mo-carbide layers at 1100°C, which had previously been formed on the surface of a Mo substrate by a CVD process, was investigated. The Mo-carbide layers formed by the simultaneous CVD of Mo and carbon at 900°C for 5 h using a gas mixture of C₂H₄−MoCl₅−Ar consisted of two layers, an inner layer of Mo₂C and an outer layer of MoC. While the monolithic MoSi₂ coating showed a typical colummar microstructure perpendicular to the Mo substrate, the MoSi₂/β-SiC nanocomposite coating formed by the solid-state displacement reactions between the Mo-carbide layers and Si was composed of equiaxed MoSi₂ grains with an average size of 150–500 nm and β-SiC particles with an average size of 80–105 nm. The β-SiC particles exhibited an oblate-spheroidal shape and were located mostly at the grain boundaries of MoSi₂. The volume percentage of β-SiC particles ranged from 18.5 to 29.2% with respect to the carbon concentration in Mo-carbide layers.     

回火对强流脉冲电子束辐照M50钢重熔层耐蚀性能的影响

利用强流脉冲电子束技术对M50钢进行了辐照处理,并对重熔层在550、600和675 ℃条件下进行了回火处理。采用XRD、SEM和电化学综合测试系统等手段分析了不同处理方式对重熔层组织和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,M50钢经过强流脉冲电子束辐照后表层的碳化物溶解,马氏体转变被抑制,耐腐蚀性能上升。经过回火处理后,重熔层内残留奥氏体分解,耐蚀性能逐渐降低。     

Pulsed eddy current testing with variable duty cycle on rivet joints

In pulsed eddy current testing, repetitive excitation signals with different duty cycles have different spectral representations. This work studies the influence of duty cycle on the ability to detect holes and EDM notches beneath rivet heads in subsurface layers of stratified samples. Feature patterns for the integrity of rivet joints are proposed and verified. The proposed method has the added advantage in that no reference sample is needed while employing multiple pulse measurements, with different pulse widths. Experimental testing and modelling approaches are discussed in connection with defect depth quantification, which can be extended to the quantification of complex defects.     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金的影响

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH 值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明: 镀液pH 值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH = 4,温度60 ℃,电流密度4 A/dm2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g /L 时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

Ni-7Cr-4Al纳米复合镀层的氧化和热腐蚀性能(英文)

采用复合电镀技术,通过向普通硫酸镍电镀液中加入纳米Cr和Al颗粒,在Ni基材上制备了一种Ni-7Cr-4Al(质量分数,%)纳米复合涂层,对其在800°C下的空气氧化和750°C下75%Na2SO4+25%Na Cl混合熔盐热腐蚀性能进行研究。作为对比,对相同工艺制备的Ni-11Cr纳米复合镀层和纯Ni镀层的氧化和热腐蚀性能进行分析。Cr和Al纳米颗粒弥散分布在20~60 nm的纳米Ni中,与Ni-11Cr纳米复合镀层和纯Ni镀层相比,Ni-7Cr-4Al纳米复合镀层由于能快速形成氧化铝膜而表现出更优异的抗氧化性能,同时氧化铝膜的快速形成也提高了涂层的热腐蚀性能。     

真空热处理对快淬纳米复合NdFeB电磁特性的影响

采用真空快淬技术制备低Nd含量的NdFeB纳米复合磁性材料,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和微波矢量网络分析仪等手段研究了真空热处理前后样品微观结构和电磁特性的变化。DSC结果显示在510℃和630℃处出现两个放热峰,在稍微高于这两个温度分别热处理后,相对于快淬态样品,材料的磁导率(μ')和磁损耗(μ″)降低,并且磁损耗出现多重频散特性,同时复介电常数减小,特别在2 GHz处ε″分别为-103.7(540℃)和ε″为-245.3(650℃)。根据传输线理论模拟计算涂层的反射损耗,发现快淬态样品在3.7 GHz下厚度为1.5 mm时最小反射损耗为-5.3 dB;而热处理后的样品在12 GHz处获得最小反射损耗,分别为-3.3 dB(540℃)和-2.1 dB(650℃)。