高温多变色可逆示温材料的研制

以无机物PbCrO4 为热敏变色颜料 ,无机非金属材料Al2 O3作为填料 ,确定了最佳涂料配方 ,即颜料 :填料∶漆基 =1∶1∶1时 ,研制成高温可逆示温涂料。其变色温度为 10 0℃ ,复色时间为 5秒。     

一种粉色变蓝色的低温可逆示温涂料

本文采用水溶性醇酸树脂为基料,无机非金属材料(滑石粉)作为填料,钴铵盐作为变色物质,配制出在水中分散性较好的醇酸树脂,制备了一种粉色变蓝色的低温可逆示温涂料。针对所用的基料和清漆进行优化配制,配制出在水中分散性较好的醇酸树脂,可与颜料相溶。通过填料选择、变色温度及涂料性能的检测,确定了较佳涂料配方。研究表明:较优的物料质量比为漆基:变色颜料:填料=6:3:1。研制成的低温可逆示温涂料,变色明显,有实用价值,特别是在金属物体表面温度报警方面。     

示温材料的制备及应用研究进展

示温材料作为一种功能材料,在生产、生活等方面有着广阔的应用前景.详细综述了可逆示温材料的组成、制备、变色机理,着重介绍了可逆有机示温材料在各个领域的应用,最后展望了可逆示温材料的发展.     

以孔雀绿内酯为变色剂的可逆示温涂料的研究

以孔雀绿内酯为变色剂，通过可逆性示温剂的配制，基料。溶剂的选择，研制了一种可逆示温涂料。这种涂料色变鲜明可逆，兰绿色淡黄绿色，色变温度低，５０～５５℃，区间窄，附着力强．     

热敏（温变）油墨的变色原理及其在包装领域的应用

阐述了不可逆和可逆热敏(温变)油墨的变色原理,及不可逆热敏(温变)油墨的示温功能在食品、药品等包装领域的应用,可逆热敏(温变)油墨在包装防伪领域的应用。展望了热敏(温变)油墨的发展方向,即开发出适合于胶印与凹印、成本较低、变色温度灵敏的热敏(温变)油墨。     

变色涂料的性能,制备及其应用

变色涂料的性能、制备及其应用湿变色涂料（以下简称变色涂料）是一种新颖的建筑涂料。它的涂层能随环境相对湿度的变化而呈现出不同的颜色，且这种颜色变化是可逆的。变色涂料不仅可以美化居住环境，还可预示天气变化。这种涂料的全套成品包括底、中、面三种涂料，一般应...     

可逆热致变色材料及其应用现状

介绍了各种可逆热致变色材料的结构特点及其变色机理,并阐述了可逆热致变色材料在造纸、纺织服装、水泥涂料、防伪领域等方面的应用。最后指出了可逆热致变色材料的发展方向。     

氢敏变色材料

在众多的氢气泄漏检测方法中,光学色敏示氢检漏法显示出其本质安全的特点.简要介绍了主要类型的氢气检测方法及示氢敏感元件的工作原理,并对可逆氢敏变色材料的发展、应用作了展望.     

硼酸类复配物的固相制备及其热变色性能研究

采用固相法制备了龙胆紫-硼酸等系列可逆热致变色颜料.考察了其配比、无机填料的种类与用量、紫外线以及环境温度对其热变色性能的影响.结果表明:以龙胆紫:硼酸:氧化铝=1100:100～150制成的变色颜料变色敏锐,变色温度为65℃,复色时间为小于700s.     

示温涂料

示温涂料是以颜色或现象变化来指示物体表面温度及温度分布的一种涂料。示温涂料的重要意义,在于它不仅能迅速而方便地指示一般温度计、仪表等测温工具不能测量的、连续运转的部件,大面积表面的温度和温度分布,而且     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...