质量流量计在油品贸易交接计量中的应用

主要介绍了由美国爱默生过程管理旗下的高准公司生产的科里奥利质量流量计工作原理、特性,以及在我公司油品贸易交接计量中的成功应用.由开始在码头成品油装船贸易交接计量,扩展到成品油铁路槽车装车、成品油汽车槽车装车、液化气汽车槽车装车等贸易交接计量及液化气、丙烯管道输送贸易交接计量的应用.     

涡轮流量计在天然气计量中的应用

涡轮流量计是一种具备温度和压力补偿功能的速度式流量计量器具,具有准确度高、重复性好、量程比高、维修方便等优点,从而在石油、化工、冶金等领域应用广泛。本文从涡轮流量计的特点、原理、类型、使用以及缺陷等5个方面介绍其在天然气计量中的应用。     

质量流量计在油品出厂计量中的应用

本文介绍了质量流量计的特点、功能。针对其选型和安装等方面对质量流量计作了全面介绍 ,着重就其在油品出厂的应用进行了具体分析 ,找出使用中测量不准的原因 ,并通过实际应用证明质量流量计的优越性和可靠性     

质量流量计在油田计量中的应用

单井计量工作对于油田的产量分析和科学开发是一项重要的基础工作。本文针对目前国内油田单井计量的现状 ,提出了一种由质量流量计组成的单井计量系统     

质量流量计在原油计量中的应用分析

原油计量误差随着原油含水率升高而不断变化,同时油田生产对计量准确度的要求也越来越高,如何有效避免和消除影响原油计量准确度的因素,找到一种较理想的计量方式或手段,已成为油田计量中亟待解决的一个重要课题.     

油品温度和环境温度对刮板流量计计量影响研究

环境温度和油品温度两个因素是影响原油计量误差的重要因素,当外界气候条件或者输送油品性质发生变化时,流量计计量将会产生较大误差。中石化京唐输油处承担多个炼化企业的油品输送任务,油品来源和物性复杂多样。企业在计量过程中应用美国Smith刮板式流量计,并且对油品进行有选择的标定,这就导致未标定的油品在计量中产生一定误差,同时这种误差会随着气候变化而变化,而较大的误差则会对企业的正常计量带来纠纷。研究中通过实验测量的流量数据,采用多因素分析方法,对环境温度和油品温度两个因素进行对比分析,在此基础上对企业应用刮板流量计计量时的温度控制给出相关的建议。     

质量流量计在丙烯计量中的应用

论述了科里奥利质量流量计的特点,并就其在丙烯产品计量中的应用进行了系统的论述.     

原油分类在刮板式流量计计量中的应用

京唐输油处所属的管道塘燕线,主要负责向各炼化企业输送油品,并对所输油品进行计量,油品计量过程采用美国Smith刮板式流量计。由于所输油品种类繁多,原油多为国外进口,性质相差较大,并且无法做到对每一种油品进行实时标定,因此计量中产生很大误差。油品物性一般包括温度、粘度、蜡含量及胶质沥青质含量等主要参数。每个物性参数对计量精度的影响不同。通过对油品物性参数的分析,将油品分为几个大类。计量过程中每个大类的油品采用统一的标定结果,可以满足计量精度的要求,并且减少计量中对每种油品的重复标定工作。     

热导式质量流量计在煤气计量中的应用

在管道煤气计量中使用热导式质量流量计，可以克服一般检测元件所存在的问题，确保提供准确稳定的计量数据。     

质量流量计测量高粘度流体流量

介绍了质量流量计的测量原理。举例说明了质量流量计在高粘度流体流量测量中的应用。     

Fundamental Mass Flow Measurement of Solid Particles

A generic mass flow measurement device was developed as a variation on the theme of counting. In a hypothetical infinitely sparse mass flow, the number of passing particles could be counted in a time frame and multiplied by the mean mass per particle to obtain a mass flow per time unit. In a mass flow of realistic density, however, particles travel in cluster formation and direct counting of individual particles is impossible. If a method could be available that reconstructs the original number of particles in a cluster, the mass flow can be computed for realistic clustered mass flows. This reconstruction algorithm was developed in this research; it uses the measured cluster lengths to reconstruct the total number of particles in each passing cluster. The lengths of the clusters were measured with an optoelectronic device. The reconstruction algorithm was developed using simulation, augmented by clustering theory. For identical diameter particle flow, simulation results showed that the number of particles in a cluster could be reconstructed using a very simple reconstruction formula. This formula uses only the total number of clusters per time frame and the total number of individual particles measured in the same time frame. However, identical diameter flow is not realistic, since even identical particles are measured with a certain error. Reconstruction of the realistic distributed diameter particle flow was approximated using the identical particle method. The optical mass flow sensor has major advantages over traditional methods. It is virtually insensitive to vibrations, contamination, temperature drift, and misalignment and the underlying measurement concept is well understood. But most importantly, the sensor does not require calibration. The mass flow of identical particles (4.5 mm air gun pellets) was measured with an error smaller than 3% even for high density flow rates.     

Fundamental Mass Flow Measurement of Solid Particles

A generic mass flow measurement device was developed as a variation on the theme of counting. In a hypothetical infinitely sparse mass flow, the number of passing particles could be counted in a time frame and multiplied by the mean mass per particle to obtain a mass flow per time unit. In a mass flow of realistic density, however, particles travel in cluster formation and direct counting of individual particles is impossible. If a method could be available that reconstructs the original number of particles in a cluster, the mass flow can be computed for realistic clustered mass flows. This reconstruction algorithm was developed in this research; it uses the measured cluster lengths to reconstruct the total number of particles in each passing cluster. The lengths of the clusters were measured with an optoelectronic device. The reconstruction algorithm was developed using simulation, augmented by clustering theory. For identical diameter particle flow, simulation results showed that the number of particles in a cluster could be reconstructed using a very simple reconstruction formula. This formula uses only the total number of clusters per time frame and the total number of individual particles measured in the same time frame. However, identical diameter flow is not realistic, since even identical particles are measured with a certain error. Reconstruction of the realistic distributed diameter particle flow was approximated using the identical particle method. The optical mass flow sensor has major advantages over traditional methods. It is virtually insensitive to vibrations, contamination, temperature drift, and misalignment and the underlying measurement concept is well understood. But most importantly, the sensor does not require calibration. The mass flow of identical particles (4.5 mm air gun pellets) was measured with an error smaller than 3% even for high density flow rates.     

科里奥利质量流量计的原理及应用

文章主要介绍科里奥利质量流量计的原理和应用,并举例说明。     

金属雾化过程气体质量流率的研究

金属雾化过程中颗粒的尺寸大小及统计分布规律是影响粉末冶金和喷射沉积快速凝固材料组织和性能的关键因素。雾化气体的质量流率对金属颗粒的尺寸及分布有很大影响，本文根据热力学第一定律推导出雾化气体质量流率的表达式，气体质量流率主要受雾化器出口面积及气体膨胀比的影响，出口面积愈大，膨胀比愈小，气体质量流率愈大，当临界膨胀比（Ｐ２／Ｐ１）ｃ＝时，气体质量流率达到最大值。     

电子式标准电能表的几个理论与设计问题

本文叙述了我院实验工厂生产的DNB型0.2级电子式标准电能表中的几个理论问题,分析了在电路设计过程中出现的一些误差因素及采取的措施,最后给出主要的测试结果。     

贸易交接用质量流量计现场使用及维护应注意的问题

本文针对影响科氏力质量流量计现场应用准确度因素及对应的处理方法,并根据实际经验提出流量计使用过程中应该注意事项,对于准确应用科氏力质量流量计有参考价值。     

Effect of Passive Inserts on the Granular Flow from Silos Using Numerical Solutions

Experimental investigations indicate that placing a passive insert in a silo is a method for influencing the discharging flow pattern. These inserts have consisted of an inverted cone, a cone-in-cone, and a double cone. However, providing unequivocal guidelines on where those inserts should be placed for an optimum effect has not been possible experimentally. A numerical approach was therefore developed to predict material flow in the presence of such inserts in silos. Simulation results showed that all these inserts could make a funnel-flow silo perform in mass flow under certain circumstances if positioned correctly. The inserts should be installed at higher levels close to the transition rather than at lower positions close to the outlet, especially with the cone-in-cone insert and the inverted inserts; the maximum diameter of the inverted cone and the double cone should, however, be below the transition of the silo. Among the three inserts investigated, the double cone appeared to be the best, although even with this insert mass flow could not always be obtained if the hopper had an inclination angle as large as 45°. In such a situation, more simulations revealed that the extension of the lower part of the double cone had the potential to improve the flow pattern in the hopper. This potential could be utilized by a combination of extending the lower cone of the double cone insert and reducing the friction between the material and the hopper wall. To ensure improvement, further simulations illustrated that a ratio of 2:7 between the maximum diameter of the insert and the diameter of the silo was also crucial for the best effect.     

Effect of Passive Inserts on the Granular Flow from Silos Using Numerical Solutions

Experimental investigations indicate that placing a passive insert in a silo is a method for influencing the discharging flow pattern. These inserts have consisted of an inverted cone, a cone-in-cone, and a double cone. However, providing unequivocal guidelines on where those inserts should be placed for an optimum effect has not been possible experimentally. A numerical approach was therefore developed to predict material flow in the presence of such inserts in silos. Simulation results showed that all these inserts could make a funnel-flow silo perform in mass flow under certain circumstances if positioned correctly. The inserts should be installed at higher levels close to the transition rather than at lower positions close to the outlet, especially with the cone-in-cone insert and the inverted inserts; the maximum diameter of the inverted cone and the double cone should, however, be below the transition of the silo. Among the three inserts investigated, the double cone appeared to be the best, although even with this insert mass flow could not always be obtained if the hopper had an inclination angle as large as 45°. In such a situation, more simulations revealed that the extension of the lower part of the double cone had the potential to improve the flow pattern in the hopper. This potential could be utilized by a combination of extending the lower cone of the double cone insert and reducing the friction between the material and the hopper wall. To ensure improvement, further simulations illustrated that a ratio of 2:7 between the maximum diameter of the insert and the diameter of the silo was also crucial for the best effect.     

科里奥利质量流量计测得值不确定度评定

本文使用新建立的水流量标准装置,依据JJG 1038-2008《科里奥利质量流量计检定规程》,采用静态质量法,对科里奥利质量流量计示值误差测得值的不确定度进行分析。