前馈神经网络的一种非线性同伦综合学习算法

本文考虑到同伦论中采用零点路径跟踪算法时不同的同伦路径对计算速度的影响，将其应用到多层前向神经网络能量函数极小点的路径跟踪算法中，提出了一种改进的同伦ＢＰ算法一非线性同伦ＢＰ算法，其次，提出了将其与其它改进的神经算法综合作用的新算法，既能快速收敛，又能较大地提高其避免陷入局部极小的能力，收到很好的训练效果。本文的理论分析和计算机仿真实验表明了这些结论的准确性和有效性。     

多层前馈网络的一种快速算法

多层前馈网络是目前研究得最多和应用最广泛的神经网络之一，其基本算法为误差反向传播（ＥＢＰ）算法，但存在收敛速度慢和局部极小的问题。本文利用递归最小二乘算法来训练多层前馈网络，ＲＬＳ算法具有收敛速度快，抗噪声能力强等优点，还克服了常规ＢＰ算法中学习率选取困难的缺点。仿真结果说明了本文方法的有效性。     

前向代数神经网络的函数逼近理论及学习算法

文中对ＭＰ神经元模型进行了推广,定义了多项代数神经元、多项式代数神经网络,将多项式代数融入代数神经网络,分析了前向多项式代数神经网络函数逼近能力及理论依据,设计出了一类双输入单输出的前向４层多层式代数神经网络模型,由该模型构成的网络能够逼近于给定的二元多项式到预定的精度。给出了在Ｐ－ａｄｉｃ意义下的多项式代数神经网络函数逼近整体学习算法,在学习的过程中,不存在局部极小,通过实例表明,该算法有效,最     

神经网络分类器的快速构造算法

使用ＢＰ算法训练多层网络的速度很慢而且事先难于确定隐节点和隐层的适当数目。本文提出一个有效的算法，先构造决策树，然后将构造的决策树转换为神经网。文中使用一个全局准则函数控制决策树的增长，它较好地匹配了树的复杂性和训练样本量及错分率界。实验结果，本文的算法比用ＢＰ算法训练多层网络要快，而其分类精度不低于用ＢＰ算法训练的多层神经网。     

前馈神经网络中的反向传播算法及其改进：进展与展望

ＢＰ网络和算法是使用最广泛的神经网络模型之一，但由于它使用梯度算法，因而存在固有的局部极小及收敛速度慢等问题。本文首先回顾了ＢＰ算法的产生和发展过程，之后对ＢＰ算法因有的特点进行了阐述，最后针对原基本ＢＰ算法的缺陷对各种改进方法进行了全面并指出了这一研究中的有关问题。     

一种实用的克服局部极小的BP算法研究

ＢＰ算法由于基神经元输出函数为Ｓｉｇｍｏｉｄ函数，因此是一个非线性优化问题，不可避免地会出现局部极小。本文提供了一种改进的学习算法，提出判断局部极小的规则，然后引入冲量函数，使ＢＰ网络能够通过判断输出节点的输出误差来修改学习率，使误差函数在其梯度方向上出现大的跳跃，从而跳出局部极小。     

一种改进的同伦BP算法及其在故障诊断中的应用研究

为克服标准BP算法中存在的网络学习收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部极小等问题,引入同伦算法,提出了一种将同伦论与快速BP算法结合的改进算法,并采用二进制结构表示输出模式矩阵。最后以柴油机燃油系统为例,对其中的几种故障进行诊断研究。仿真结果表明此方法既能快速收敛,又能大大提高避免陷入局部极小的能力。     

基于一类非线性特性的FNN 训练算法

针对ＢＰ算法收敛缓慢和易于陷入局部极小的缺点,将基于一类非线性特性的动量项引入ＢＰ算示的梯度搜索,提出前向神经网络的一种通用且简单的全局训练算法。结合升温策略,算法在优化精度和训练速度方面有较大的改善。典型算法的仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于模型逼近度和接受概率的一个变步长快速BP学习算法

本文给出模型逼近度的概念。在此基础上并利用模拟退火法的思想，提出了一个改进的变步长快速ＢＰ学习算法。数据结果表明该算法不仅明显地提高ＢＰ网络的学习收敛速度，而且在一定程度上还能避免陷和局部极小。     

自寻优OBP学习算法

本文针对多层前馈神经网络中反向误差传播ＢＰ算法的固有缺点，提出了一种新的十分有效的自寻优ＯＢＰ学习算法。ＯＢＰ在每次迭代中都自动选择一个使目标函数函数全局最小的步长，从而极大地改善了网络的收敛速度和收敛稳定性。．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.