PowerBuilder动态SQL语句及在组合查询中的应用

PowerBuilder不仅支持在PowerScript中使用标准嵌入SQL语句,而且支持使用动态SQL语句。动态SQL语句可以解决嵌入SQL语句不支持DDL语句的问题,还能够在运行时构成SQL语句以解决在编译时不知道语句的具体格式或参数的问题。作者在“抚顺机动车辆管理信息系统”的开发过程中,对动态SQL语句的使用有了深刻的体会,车辆信息项目繁多而且组合条件复杂多变,使用该语句,不仅查询速度较高而且使用灵活可靠。下面就各动态SQL语句的使用格式、方法及各自的特点给予简单介绍,然后以查找车辆为例介绍动态sQL语句(格式4)在组合查询中的应用。     

嵌入式SQL中动态SQL技术的研究

对动态SQL技术进行了研究,实现了一个嵌入式SQL系统中动态SQL语句处理的3种方法。首先介绍了整个嵌入式SQL系统GKD-ESQL系统,然后详细描述了3种动态SQL语句的处理方法,重点讲述了方法3的设计与实现,最后讲述了动态SQL语句的错误处理机制。     

一种基于前向计算的动态程序切片方法

动态程序切片技术是一种重要的程序分析技术,在软件分析、测试与调试过程中有着广泛的应用。给出一种基于前向计算的动态程序切片方法,该方法首先在对当前执行语句进行定义使用分析的基础上计算该语句定义变量的影响集,其次计算该语句的直接动态依赖关系,最后计算当前执行语句中变量的动态切片。根据该方法设计并实现了一个Java动态程序切片系统,基于一组基准测试程序开展了切片实验,并与已有的切片方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,该方法可以得到比较精确的动态程序切片结果。     

浅析PowerBuilder下动态SQL语句

本文介绍了ＰｏｗｅｒＢｕｉｌｄｅｒ开发工具中嵌入式ＳＱＬ语句与动态ＳＱＬ语句之间的区别和特点,并通过具体实例详细说明了如何在ＰｏｗｅｒＢｕｉｌｄｅｒ中使用动态ＳＱＬ语句以及四种格式的动态ＳＱＬ语句各自所能实现的功能。     

基于贝叶斯的软件错误定位方法

为提高基于程序切片和覆盖信息的传统错误定位技术的效率,提出一种基于程序动态切片和贝叶斯相结合的错误定位方法。针对程序执行轨迹计算动态切片,减少搜索空间;在切片后覆盖信息的基础上,利用贝叶斯公式计算相关语句的可疑度;根据语句可疑度降序排列语句,依次检查直到找出真正的错误语句。实验结果表明,该方法能够在一定程度上提高软件错误定位的效率与精度。     

一种面向动态链状数据结构的指针定值引用链算法

采用流敏感的方法分析计算过程内操作动态链状数据结构的指针定值引用链.目的是连接对链状数据结构进行定值的语句和引用这些链状数据结构的语句,具体地,每条对链状数据结构进行定值的语句,算法将找出所有引用被该语句定值的链状数据结构的语句的集合.该算法将被整合到我们设计和开发的并行语言mini-SPC中,指导对操作动态链状数据结构的并行程序的正确分析和程序变换.实验表明基于本文的算法能保证操作动态链状数据结构的指针定值引用链的分析精度,提高分析的效率.     

如何使用ORACLE中的高级动态SQL语句

ORACLE中提供了动态定义语句.程序员可使已经完成编译、链接的应用程序在运行时接受输入的合法的SQL语句,并对它进行正确处理,此时,用户不需了解该SQL语句,也不必知道它的结构.因而,动态定义语句为程序员和最终用户提供了程序运行期间的较强的交互性,使应用程序在所完成的功能方面,具有很大的灵活性.动态定义语句的类型有四种:立即执行语句,使用EXECUTE IMMIDIATE预编译/执行语句,使用PREPARE和EXECUTE     

关于Oracle数据库动态SQL数据获取应用方法的研究与实践

在Oracle数据库中,为了开发高效率的数据库应用程序,必须灵活的使用动态SQL技术来实现数据获取,为处理任何SQL语句,必须应用最高级的动态SQL方法四,该文研究了如何利用动态SQL方法四处理选择列表项和宿主变量个数在程序编写时都不确定的SQL语句,并在此基础上加以实践。     

基于AOP与SQL结构分析的SQLIAs动态检测及防御

SQL注入攻击(SQLIAs)是一种危险且有效的基于Web的攻击方式。任何形式的SQLIAs最终都会改变原有SQL语句的逻辑结构,针对该攻击特征,提出一种基于AOP与SQL语句结构分析的SQLIAs动态检测及防御方法,在SQLIAs产生根源对其进行防御。借助代码静态分析工具自动获取SQL注入点位置、Signature信息以及静态SQL语句模型,使用AOP技术在程序执行过程中动态捕获需要被执行的SQL语句,将静态分析得到的信息与动态获取的信息进行比较,判断是否存在SQLIAs。通过简单的用户登录功能验证该方法的有效性,实验结果表明,该方法能有效检测和防御SQLIAs。     

语句拼音-汉字转换的智能处理机制分析

语句拼音- 汉字转换是中文信息处理研究的一个重要方面,是键盘汉字输入和语音输入的核心技术,其主要特征是对动态输入的拼音串进行词法分析,给出所有可能的汉语句子,然后对这些汉语句子根据上下文环境进行句法分析和语义分析,动态调整句子中的字词,输出最佳结果。近年来,语句拼音- 汉字转换系统大量应用了人工智能技术和机器翻译的理论,以期提高系统转换的准确率和增强系统的智能处理功能。本文分析了语句拼音- 汉字转换系统所采用的核心技术,即知识支持、自动分词和动态调整等,讨论了语句拼音- 汉字转换的处理方法和过程,知识库的组成结构,用于拼音串自动分词的算法和实现,音字转换中动态调整的概率模型等,本文还分析了现有语句拼音- 汉字转换系统在拼音串自动分词和音字转换的动态调整中发生错误的原因,并提出了改进方法。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).     

Spark平台下聚类算法的性能比较

通过实验,从运行时间、加速比、可扩展性和规模增长性4个方面比较了 Spark平台中3种典型的聚类算法即K-means聚类算法、二分K-means聚类算法和高斯混合聚类算法 的性能。实验结果表明:1)随着节点个数的增加,3种算法对百兆以上规模数据集聚类的运行时间明显减少;2)当数据集规模大于500MB时,3种算法的加速比均有明显提高,且随着节点个数的增加,加速比近似于线性增长;3)3种算法的可扩展性随着节点个数的增加而降低,当数据集规模大于500MB时,相对于K-means和高斯混合算法,二分K-means算法的可扩展性最差;4)当数据集规模大于100MB时,高斯混合算法的规模增长性远高于K-means和二分K-means算法。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Overview of ATM networks: functions and procedures

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the ATM technique. The basic principles of the ATM transfer technique, the B-ISDN layered protocol reference model, as well as the architecture and the main functions of the ATM network, are described in this tutorial. In particular, we present the main characteristics of the ATM technique, the structure of the ATM cell, the functions which deal with the protection from errored cells (HEC procedure) and the identification of the boundaries of the ATM cells (cell delineation and scrambling). The VP/VC concept is explained in detail, and the main principles and functions of the three lowest layers (Physical, ATM and Adaptation) of the B-ISDN layered protocol reference model are surveyed. The issue of Quality of Service parameters in ATM networks is reviewed, and the problem of the allocation of the network resources in response to user demands, as well as the problems of congestion control, Usage Parameter Control (UPC) and traffic modelling in ATM networks, are assessed. Finally, we present ‘possible’ sets of traffic characterization parameters, and show how possible B-ISDN sources can be modelled according to the basic on-off ATM traffic source model.