戴维甲醇合成塔超温原因分析与处理措施

介绍戴维（Davy）甲醇合成工艺及甲醇合成塔（SRC）结构特点，结合甲醇装置从原始开车至今的合成塔运行工况，得出合成塔结构、催化剂装填、空速、新鲜气分配失衡等是导致合成催化剂床层局部超温的主要原因，局部超温将使甲醇副反应增多，影响产量和催化剂活性。在通过对催化剂装填高度、氢碳比、空速、两个合成塔分配气量等调整后，缩小了超温范围，降低了超温点温度，保证了催化剂使用寿命，提高了催化剂整体使用效率。     

Φ1200轴径向氨合成塔的应用

本文介绍了Φ１２００轴径向氨合成塔的结构特点、催化剂装填情况以及该氨合成塔３年多来的运行情况、运行中出现的问题及解决方法。     

合成氨蒸发器运行问题分析

0 前言 兖矿鲁南化肥厂合成氨系统在2001年改造中，为进一步降低合成塔的阻力、提高合成塔的生产能力，对原两轴一径氨合成塔内件进行了更换。该冷激式氨合成塔新内件为一轴两径，并装填低温高活性A110-1型催化剂，新内件和催化剂对人塔气气体成分和系统稳定性要求比较严格。     

Kellogg型氨合成塔装填球形氨催化剂的行为预测

球形氨合成催化剂比无定形氨催化剂具有很多优异性能,已在中、小型氨合成塔中使用,并带来明显的增产效果和经济效益。然而在大型氨厂广泛运行的 Kellogg 型氨合成塔中尚无装填先例。本文就国产不同粒度球形氨催化剂进行装塔模拟、装塔粒度的适宜搭配,并对种种操作行为及热稳定性进行预测。预测表明,Kellogg 型氨合成塔如同中小型氨合成塔一样,将因装填球形氨催化剂而取得良好经济效果,为大型氨厂提供了工艺改革和设计的战略性贮备.     

甲醇合成塔压差增大的原因分析及技术改造应用

介绍了益达公司焦炉煤气制甲醇的工艺流程和甲醇合成塔的压差变化情况。针对甲醇合成塔进出口压差增大、总碳转化率明显下降的问题,从合成塔内部构造进行了分析,认为甲醇合成塔进出口压差增大主要由支撑瓷球间隙小、催化剂之间接触紧密、催化剂粉化严重等原因引起。在合成塔催化剂更换期间,通过改变合成塔支撑瓷球和合成催化剂的规格及合成催化剂的装填方法等,使合成塔压差降低至0.203 MPa、总碳转化率提高至98.15%。     

￠1000轴径向氨合成塔催化剂的选用装填及还原方案的设想

￠１０００轴径向氨合成塔催化剂的选用装填及还原方案的设想黄子钦（福建三明化工总厂合成氨厂三明市３６５０００）我厂１０００氨合成塔是一轴、一径、一轴径向混流型带中置锅炉的氨合成塔。该塔催化剂还原耗用时间长达１８５ｈ；还原过程中一、二床催化剂出口侧温度较...     

托普索S-200型氨合成塔催化剂的装填

介绍了托普索S - 2 0 0型径向合成塔中氨合成催化剂的装填程序及实施方案 ,提出了催化剂装填工作中所做的改进和尝试     

DC207型甲醇催化剂装填及升温还原小结

介绍DC207型甲醇合成催化剂的物理特性和组成,针对冷激型甲醇合成塔的结构特点,制定了装填方案,详细阐述该催化剂的升温还原方案及操作注意事项。     

一轴二径大型氨合成塔的应用

介绍了一轴二径大型氨合成塔的压力确定、结构特点、工艺流程、催化剂装填与升温还原等情况。通过生产应用,证明该国产化氨合成塔具有操作稳定、负荷调节裕度大、氨净值高、床层阻力小等特点。     

甲醇合成塔床层超温原因分析

介绍了DAVY公司设计的大型甲醇合成流程,探讨了甲醇合成塔的内件结构,从催化剂的装填、催化剂还原后的沉降、工艺操作等方面对现运行的甲醇合成塔催化剂上部床层局部热点超温现象进行了分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。