Effects of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings on the Strength Distribution of Silicon Carbide Materials

Sintered α-silicon carbide and siliconized silicon carbide tubular materials were plasma-spray coated with various ceramic oxides using conventional air plasma-spraying technology. The strength distributions of the coated tubes were evaluated by fracturing samples at room temperature using a c-ring test configuration. Changes in strength are explained using statistical treatments of the data, including a Weibull approach. Failure origins are characterized using fractography via scanning electron microscopy. The stength of plasma-spray coated SiC was equivalent or superior to that of as-received material, despite a surface pretreatment which induced surface flaws in the SiC substrate.     

Silicon Nitride/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposite Materials: II, Hot Strength, Creep, and Oxidation Resistance

The mechanical properties of Si₃N₄/SiC nanocomposite materials that contained nanosized intercrystalline SiC dispersions that originated from different starting powders and were made via different fabrication routes were studied in the temperature range of 1400°-1550°C. The strength retained at 1400°C was between 70% and ∼100% of the room-temperature strength. Both creep and oxidation resistance were very high and were comparable to or better than those of the best Si₃N₄-based materials published previously. The effect of SiC particles on the creep properties can be understood in terms of a recent model of dilatational creep; however, the model invokes a series of microstructural, micromechanical, and chemical modifications.     

由碳化硅及氮化硅制造的陶瓷材料的强度

列举了由碳化硅及氮化硅加入氧化物活化剂(Al2O3、Y2O3)制造的烧结陶瓷材料的高温强度、硬度及抗裂性的研究成果。其结果表明:由Si3N4制造的材料的强度在≥1000℃时开始下降,而由SiC制造的陶瓷则具有更高的高温强度。采用维克尔氏方法在压头受到的荷重为1kg至10kg的条件下,测定了材料的硬度和抗裂性。     

Transverse Strength of SCS-6 Silicon Carbide Fibers

A diametral compression test was used to measure the transverse strength of SCS-6 SiC fibers before and after heat treatment. Subjecting fibers to diametral compression successfully produced transverse tensile failure in the form of fiber cracking along the same diametral plane in which the compressive load was applied. An analysis of the hoop stress along the diametral plane, in which the effects of the C core were included, showed that there is a large tensile hoop stress concentration in the SiC sheath at the interface between the C core and the SiC sheath, where the stress is 6.3 times greater than the stress present in a solid SiC fiber under identical loading. This high tensile hoop stress concentration promotes crack initiation near the core and significantly limits the capability of these fibers to withstand transverse compressive loading. The maximum tensile hoop stresses, located at the interface between the C core and SiC sheath, at the measured failure loads were 850 MPa for the as-received SCS-6 fiber and 1210 MPa for fibers exposed to a 1-h heat treatment at 1850°C in 138 MPa of Ar.     

SiC系热电变换材料

研究了碳化硅系热电变换材料的特性。这种碳化硅陶瓷具有高温强度大、耐蚀性和半导体性能好、轻质、毒性低、在高温大气中稳定性好等特性，故可用作热电发电用热电变换材料。     

Impact Damage and Strength Degradation in a Silicon Carbide Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composite

Adding SiC particles to Si₃N₄ and subjecting the mixture to a sinter-hot-isostatic-pressing process increases both the strength and elastic modulus. It also decreases the hardness but maintains the fracture toughness, which results in a higher resistance to crack initiation and propagation during spherical particle impact. Sinter-hot-isostatically-pressed composites exhibit elastic response as their dominant behavior. They also display a high resistance to Hertzian cone crack initiation and extension. This is due to the increased degree of inelastic deformation of sinter-hot-isostatically-pressed composites.     

Fiber-Matrix Bond-Strength Characterization of Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Materials

The fiber-matrix interface bond strength of a ceramicmatrix composite is quantitatively evaluated using an indentation technique at room temperature and after creep tests under vacuum. The observed decrease in frictional stress with increasing temperature is discussed in connection with such other data as rupture stress, importance of pullout, and geometric characteristics of the fibers.     

Strength Distribution of Reinforcing Fibers in a Nicalon Fiber/Chemically Vapor Infiltrated Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite

The strength distribution of fibers within a two-dimensional laminate ceramic/ceramic composite consisting of an eight harness satin weave of Nicalon continuous fibers within a chemically vapor infiltrated SiC matrix was determined from analysis of the fracture mirrors of the fibers. Comparison of the fiber strengths and the Weibull moduli with those for Nicalon fibers prior to incorporation into composites suggests that possible fiber damage may occur either during the weaving or during another stage of the composite manufacture. Observations also indicate that it is the higher-strength fibers which experience the greatest extent of fiber pullout and thus make a larger contribution to the overall composite toughness than do the weaker fibers.     

Silicon Carbide Platelet/Silicon Carbide Composites

α-silicon carbide platelet/β-silicon carbide composites have been produced in which the individual platelets were coated with an aluminum oxide layer. Hot-pressed composites showed a fracture toughness as high as 7.2 MPa·m^1/2. The experiments indicated that the significant increase in fracture toughness is mainly the result of crack deflection and accompanying platelet pullout. The coating on the platelets also served to prevent the platelets from acting as nucleation sites for the α- to β-phase transformation, so that the advantageous microstructure remains preserved during high-temperature processing.     

碳化硅基材表面涂层方法综述

碳化硅基陶瓷是应用于高温工作环境下的理想材料,但其高温氧化影响了它的进一步应用。本文简要叙述了碳化硅材料的氧化机理,重点总结了在其表面涂层的各种方法。同时也对目前所做工作的不足提出了见解。     

杂化碳化硅填充聚丙烯导热复合材料研究

本文以PP塑料为基料,加入辅助填料以提高其热导率。本文分为两部分：一是研究并摸索出配方;二是对所得产品的性能进行测定,从而得出结论,通过加入SiC可有效提高热导率,但力学性能有所下降,熔融指数随填料填充量增加而降低。加入PE蜡可改善复合材料的流动性,加入第三组分杂化,可提高材料的热扩散系数。     

Low-Cost Melt Formed Siliconized Silicon Carbide Radiant Tube Materials

This paper describes a new low-cost, melt infiltration method for manufacturing silicon carbide–silicon (SiC─Si) and graphite–silicon (G─Si) materials for radiant tube applications, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of these materials. Characterization of the microstructures and various physical and mechanical properties of three SiC─Si and one G─Si materials which were produced by this newly developed processing method are discussed in detail. The C-ring and O-ring specimens tested in compression showed that at all test temperatures (room to 1350°C), the SiC─Si materials are substantially stronger than the G─Si material, which actually contained 8.5 vol% SiC due to reaction of the graphite with the molten Si during processing. The strengths as determined by the C-ring and O-ring tests for each of the materials were similar, thus indicating that the inherent flaws on the inside and outside surfaces of the tubes are similar in severity. Since these materials showed significant deformation when tested at and above 1000°C, the strength of the G─Si material and one of the SiC─Si materials was also measured at room and at elevated temperatures, using a tensile test procedure. Results of the tensile tests illustrate that, due to stress redistribution at 1000°C and above, the C-ring and O-ring data overestimate the actual fracture strengths of these materials. The fracture toughness of the G─Si material measured at room temperature and 1000°C was much less than that of the SiC─Si materials. This behavior was explained by the presence of low-strength graphite grains, which did not inhibit crack propagation as effectively as the SiC grains.     

提高碳化硅磨料生产工艺的效果

研究制订了检查碳化硅磨料质量与其生产工艺条件之间的关系的方法:按照聚集性指数,即每个磨料颗粒的平均单晶数目来检查。查明了上述指标与试验试样在球磨机中的可损毁性(脆性)之间的相互关系。     

Tensile Rupture Strength and Fracture Defects of Sintered Silicon Carbide

The tensile strength distribution of sintered silicon carbide was measured at room temperature and 1300°C in air and fracture defects were characterized. The measured strength was compared with strength obtained from flaw characteristics and fracture toughness assuming a peripherally cracked spherical void model.     

Silicon Carbide Monofilament-Reinforced Silicon Nitride or Silicon Carbide Matrix Composites

SiC-monofilament-reinforced SiC or Si₃N₄ matrix composites were fabricated by hot-pressing, and their mechanical properties and effects of filaments and filament coating layers were studied. Relationships between frictional stress of filament/matrix interface and fracture toughness of SiC monofilament/Si₃N₄ matrix composites were also investigated. As a result, it was confirmed experimentally that in the case of composites fractured with filament pullout, the fracture toughness increased as the frictional stress increased. On the other hand, when frictional stress was too large (>about 80 MPa) for the filament to be pulled out, fracture toughnesses of the composites were almost the same and not so much improved over that of Si₃N₄ monolithic ceramics. The filament coating layers were found to have a significant effect on the frictional stress of the SiC monofilament/Si₃N₄ matrix interface and consequently the fracture toughness of the composites. Also the crack propagation behavior in the SiC monofilament/Si₃N₄ matrix composites was observed during flexural loading and cyclic loading tests by an in situ observation apparatus consisting of an SEM and a bending machine. The filament effect which obstructed crack propagation was clearly observed. Fatigue crack growth was not detected after 300 cyclic load applications.     

Silicon Carbide/Silicon and Silicon Carbide/Silicon Carbide Composites Produced by Chemical Vapor Infiltration

Composites of SiC/Si and SiC/SiC were prepared from single yarns of SiC. The use of carbon coatings on SiC yarn prevented the degradation normally observed when chemically vapor deposited Si is applied to SiC yarn. The strength, however, was not retained when the composite was heated at elevated temperatures in air. In contrast, the strength of a SiC/C/SiC composite was not reduced after this composite was heated at elevated temperatures, even when the fiber ends were exposed.     

Comparison of the Surface Charge Behavior of Commercial Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide Powders

The adsorption and desorption of protons from aqueous solution onto the surfaces of a variety of commercial silicon carbide and silicon nitride powders has been examined using a surface titration methodology. This method provides information on some colloidal characteristics, such as the point of zero charge (pzc) and the variation of proton adsorption with dispersion pH, useful for the prediction of optimal ceramic-processing conditions. Qualitatively, the magnitude of the proton adsorption from solution reveals small differences among all of the materials studied. However, the results show that the pzc for the various silicon nitride powders is affected by the powder synthesis route. Complementary investigations have shown that milling can also act to shift the pzc exhibited by silicon nitride powder. Also, studies of the role of the electrolyte in the development of surface charge have indicated no evidence of specific adsorption of ammonium ion on either silicon nitride or silicon carbide powders.