超细Al（OH）3粉体防团聚的实验研究

分析了超细Al(OH)3粒子团聚机理及其防团聚手段．通过实验考察了SDS，PEG6000，TEBAC不同离子型的表面活性剂对Al(OH)3粒子防团聚的影响．用XRD，TEM，BET等测试方法对表面活性化的Al(OH)3粒子进行了分析．复合表面活性剂三乙基苄基氯化铵／磷酸钠(TEBAC／PO4^3-)对超细Al(OH)3粒子有较好的团聚作用．     

超细氧化铝的制备及应用研究进展

目的　探索超细 Al2 O3 粉体的制备方法及应用前景 .方法　对比了制备 Al2 O3 粉体各种方法的优劣 ,综述了超细 Al2 O3 的团聚机理及防团聚研究进展 ,介绍了超细 Al2 O3 的特殊功能及应用前景 .结果与结论　液相法将是制备超细 Al2 O3 的主要方法 ,表面活性剂控制是防团聚的主要手段 ,超细 Al2 O3 将促进我国电子和材料工业的发展     

超细氧化铝的制备及应用研究进展

目的：探索超细Al2O3粉体的制备方法及应用前景。方法：对比了制备Al2O3粉体各种方法的优劣，综述了超细Al2O3的团聚机理及防团聚研究进展，介绍了超细Al2O3的特殊功能及应用前景。结果与结论：液相法将是制备超细Al2O3的主要方法，表面活性剂控制是防团聚的主要手段，超细Al2O3将促进我国电子和材料工业的发展。     

表面活性剂对共沉淀法制备ZAO纳米粉的影响

ZAO(ZnO/Al2O3复合氧化物)结合了纳米材料和半导体氧化物的优越性能,但随着粉体粒径的减小,粉体极易发生团聚.为解决纳米粉体的团聚现象,采用"共沉淀-超临界流体干燥"结合法,加入几种不同的表面活性剂制备了ZAO超细纳米粉.实验通过X射线衍射对ZAO粉末物相进行分析.TEM观察粒子的形貌、粒径大小及其团聚状态,分析了几种表面活性剂的种类及用量对粉末特性的影响.该方法有效地解决了粉体的团聚现象.研究结果表明:采用"共沉淀-超临界流体干燥"技术,加入表面活性剂PEG-400,且其与Zn2+离子的物质的量比为1∶16时,制备的ZAO粒子的平均粒度小于10nm,粉体粒径均匀,分散性好,团聚现象不明显.     

超细Al（OH）3粉体的表面改性与表征

目的 对超细Al(OH)3粉体的表面进行改性,增强其相容性、水溶性.方法 选用硬脂酸、有机硅、六偏磷酸钠、乙二醇对超细Al(OH)3粉体进行湿法改性,通过活化指数、润湿角、红外光谱和沉降分析,对改性Al(OH)3粉体的表面润湿性、改性前后粉体的表面键型的变化,以及改性粉体在水溶液中的分散稳定性进行测试,表征和评价了粉体表面改性的效果.结果 硬脂酸、有机硅、六偏磷酸钠、乙二醇对超细Al(OH)3粉体的改性后的活化指数均大于0.90;硬脂酸和有机硅增强了Al(OH)3粉体的亲油性,六偏磷酸钠和乙二醇增强了Al(OH)3粉体的亲水性.结论 硬脂酸、有机硅、六偏磷酸钠、乙二醇对超细Al(OH)3粉体都能起到显著的表面改性.     

制备条件对Al(OH)3超细子尺寸及分布的影响

采用化学沉淀法制备了Al(OH)3超细粒子,用扫描电镜(SEM)和粒度分析法对颗粒尺寸进行观察和测定,并研究了制备条件对Al(OH)3超细粒子粒度及其分布的影响.实验结果表明:反应物初始量浓度、反应温度、陈化时间及表面活性剂的加入是影响产物Al(OH)3粒子尺寸及分布的主要因素.     

制备条件对Al（OH）3超细粒子尺寸及分布的影响

采用化学沉淀法制备了Al(OH)3超细粒子，用扫描电镜（SEM）和粒度分析法对颗粒尺寸进行观察和测定，并研究了制备条件对Al(OH)3超细粒子粒度及其分布的影响，实验结果表明：反应物初始量浓度、反应温度、陈化时间及表面活性剂的加入是影响产物Al(OH)3粒子尺寸及分布的主要因素。     

旋转填料床制备超细 Al(OH)3碳化时间的研究

目的研究在旋转填料床中以 NaAl(OH)4 溶液和 CO2 气体为原料制备超细 Al(OH)3 的碳化反应时间. 方法通过实验考察了转速, 液体循环量, 气体流量, NaAl(OH)4 溶液初始浓度, 气液比等操作因素对碳化反应时间的影响. 结果与结论在旋转填料床中的反应大大缩短了碳化反应时间, 同时得到平均粒径为 200 nm 且分布均匀的超细 Al(OH)3 粒子.     

聚乙二醇对水系介质中Al2O3粒子的分散作用

高分子表面活性剂在高性能陶瓷的胶态成型技术中起着非常重要的作用.利用水系介质中Al2O3粒子的沉降实验及扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等分析手段综合考察了25℃下聚乙二醇(PEG,相对分子质量2 000)对Al2O3粒子的分散稳定效果,同时对PEG的吸附机理进行了分析.pH=3.O-5.0时,Al2O3粒子表面吸附PEG后,粒子之间的作用由单纯静电效应转变为静电-空间位阻协同效应,其分散稳定性得到了大幅提高.pH=3.0时,PEG在Al2O3粒子表面的吸附遵从Langmuir吸附理论,其理论饱和吸附量为9.9 mg/g.Al2O3粒子表面PEG吸附量为8.1 mg/g(溶液中平衡PEG质量浓度为8.0 g/L)时,其分散效果最佳.     

旋转填料床制备超细Al（OH）3碳化时间的研究

目的：研究在旋转填料床中以NaAl(OH)4溶液和CO2气体为原料制备超细Al(OH)3的碳化反应时间。方法：通过实验考察了转速，液体循环量，气体流量，NaAl(OH)4溶液初始浓度，气液化等操作因素对碳化反应时间的影响。结果与结论：在旋转填料床中的反应大大缩短了碳化反应时间，同时得到平均粒径为200nm且分布均匀的超细Al(OH)3粒子。     

Effects of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 on agglomeration of fine Al（OH）3 seed in synthetic Bayer solution

Fine Al（OH）3 crystals were aggregated from supersaturated aluminate solution in the batch reaction tanks. By means of laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy, the influences of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 （aK） on agglomeration of fine seed in Bayer process were investigated. The results show that agglomeration is almost finished in 8 h, and seeds with size less than 2 μm are easily aggregated together, and almost disappear in 8 h under the optimal process conditions. In the aluminate solution with the same moderate initial aK, when the reaction temperature reaches 75 ℃, the secondary nucleation does not occur, and the effect of agglomeration is better. And at the same reaction temperature, when the initial aK is 1.62, the initial supersaturation of aluminate solution is moderate, the binders on the surfaces of the seed are enough to maintain the agglomeration process, and the agglomeration degree is better. From SEM images, agglomeration mainly occurs in the fine particles, the combinations among the fine particles are loose and the new formed coarse crystal shapes are irregular.     

Effects of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 on agglomeration of fine AI(OH)3 seed in synthetic Bayer solution

Fine AI(OH)3 crystals were aggregated from supersaturated aluminate solution in the batch reaction tanks.By means of laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy,the influences of temperature and initial molar ratio of Na2O to A12O3 (αK) on agglomeration of fine seed in Bayer process were investigated.The results show that agglomeration is almost finished in 8 h,and seeds with size less than 2 μm are easily aggregated together,and almost disappear in 8 h under the optimal process conditions.In the aluminate solution with the same moderate initial αK,when the reaction temperature reaches 75 ℃,the secondary nucleation does not occur,and the effect of agglomeration is better.And at the same reaction temperature,when the initial αK is 1.62,the initial supersaturation of aluminate solution is moderate,the binders on the surfaces of the seed are enough to maintain the agglomeration process,and the agglomeration degree is better.From SEM images,agglomeration mainly occurs in the fine particles,the combinations among the fine particles are loose and the new formed coarse crystal shapes are irregular.     

pH对掺杂Zn纳米Ni(OH)2电化学性能的影响

为研究pH值对掺锌氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响,采用沉淀转化法在不同pH下制备出掺杂Zn的纳米Ni(OH)₂. 利用XRD和TEM对材料的结构和微观形貌进行分析,利用循环伏安技术和恒流充放电技术对材料的电化学性能进行研究. 结果表明,pH=10时制备的材料是α型纳米Ni(OH)₂,随着pH的增大,材料逐渐变成α-Ni(OH)₂和β-Ni(OH)₂的混合物,且材料的团聚逐渐严重. pH的变化对材料的电化学性能影响明显. 随着pH的增加,材料的质子扩散系数增大;与pH=10时制备的材料相比,pH=12时制备的材料02C和3C放电比容量分别提高了20％和27％.     

Template growth mechanism of spherical Ni（OH）2

The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni（OH）2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni（OH）2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni（OH）2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model： the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.     

新型镍系催化剂合成顺式聚丁二烯的研究 (Ⅱ)—Ni(naph)_2-Al(i-Bu)_2OC_4H_9-BF_3·OEt_2体系的活性

本工作研究了Ni(naph)_2—Al(i—Bu)_2OG_4H_9—BF_3·OEt_2体系在加氢汽油溶剂中对丁二烯的聚合行为,考察了不同Al/Ni、Al/B、Ni/Bd及聚合温度、聚合时间等因素对催化活性、聚合物分子量及其分布等的影响,并结合磁化半法对体系中Ni的价态进行了探讨。结果表明,Ni(naph)_2—Al(i—Bu)_2OC_4H_9—BF_3·OFt_2体系对丁二烯聚合具有较好的催化活性,体系中镍主要以Ni(Ⅰ)形式存在。并发现,在Ni(naph)_2、Al(i—Bu)_3二元陈化液中加入C_4H_9OH(C_4H_9OH/Al的变化范围为0—1.2)可以提高聚合物的分子量。     

A Method for Calculating Fractal Dimension of Amicrons and Fractal Simulation of Boundary Micro-Topography

A simple and practical method to calculate the fractal dimension （FD） of amicron＇s projective surface profile based on fractal theory is proposed. Taking AI（OH）3 material particles as an example, the scanning electron microscope （SEM） photos of particles were processed using an image.processing software （IPS） Photoshop. Taking the pixel as a fixed yardstick with the enlargement of the size of the particle image, the box-dimension and circumference-area （C-S） methods were used to calculate the FD of the surface profile of the particle. The FD of 1.2623 of the classic Koch curve is obtained, which approximates the true value of 1.2628. The complexities of the object＇s boundary and surface micro-topography are simulated successfully by a generator method.     

Template Effect on Structure and Morphology of Ni(OH)2 Powders Prepared by Hydro-chemical Method

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外加Al2O3颗粒对Ti-Al-TiO2系合成产物微观结构的影响

Ti-Al-TiO2体系外加不同含量的Al2O3颗粒获得了Al2O3／TiAl基复合材料,研究了产物的相组成及微观组织。结果表明：Al2O3颗粒多分布在基体晶界处。随外加Al2O3含量的增大,晶粒变小,但增强相颗粒团聚严重。外加Al2O3量存在一个临界值。含量过高,易造成结构疏松,不致密,形成大的气孔,且由于TiO2的活化作用,会造成外加的Al2O3颗粒烧结呈板状联结分布;含量较低,颗粒与界面的结合不够紧凑,但颗粒的结晶度较好。     

CuO-containing multi-wailed carbon nanotubes: a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of humic acid in water

CuO particles were attempted to fill in the channel of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)as novel catalytic materials CuO@MWCNTs used for ozonation of humic acids(HA)in aqueous solution.Catalyst samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TG)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The removal efficiency of HA was promoted in the presence of CuO@MWCNTs compared with that of Al2 O3-supported CuO catalyst(CuO/Al2O3)and CuO-coating MWCNTs catalyst(CuO/MWCNTs).The strong synergetic effect in the confinement environment on CuO nanoparticles can attribute to the locally higher pressure due to the lower potential energy of reactants in the channels.Strong interaction happened between the catalyst and reactants,which promoted the decomposition of ozone and the generation of OH.The results of experimental and theoretical investigation confirmed that CuO@MWCNTs promotes the initiation and generation of OH,hence accelerating the degradation of organic pollutants.