深冷中性铝团簇的产生和光电离

报道了用激光蒸发／分子束方法产生深度冷却的中性金属团簇。产生的铝团簇Ａｌ．（ｎ＝２，……，６，７）用１９３ｎｍ的准分子激光电离，由飞行时间质谱（ＴＯＦＭＳ）探测。对激光蒸发／分子束技术产生的团簇束的特点作了简单评述并与其它团簇源作了比较。     

用近紫外辐射写入的折射率光栅

据我们所知，这是第一次报导用连续波Ａ＾＋ｒ激光器（３３３－３６４ｎｍ）在近紫外光在１０ｍｏｌ％掺ＧｅＯ２光纤中侧写入折射率光栅，在紫外光功率密度在１．７×１０＾５ｗ％／ｃｍ＾２时感生的折射率数值达到高达１．９×１０＾－４。观察到的光栅表现出的温度稳定性与用Ｋｒ激元激光器（２４３ｎｍ）写入的光栅相同。     

波长和重复频率连续可调的光纤环形激光器

成功地研制了一台波长和频率可调的主动锁模光纤环形激光器。波长可调范围为１５３４～１５６５ｎｍ，频率范围为２．４～２．６ＧＨｚ，产生的光脉冲时间带宽积接近于变换极限。经过改变调制器的直流偏压得到了重复频率为５ＧＨｚ的光脉冲。对实验中的有关原理进行了分析。     

横向光泵获得S_2紫外激光

用ＸｅＣｌ准分于激光器（３０８．１ｎｍ）横向泵浦Ｓ２激光器，又成功地实现了Ｓ２Ｂ－Ｘ态近ＵＶ波段的激光振荡。在波长３３０．９～３９０．０ｎｍ范围内观测到６条近ＵＶ激光输出。测量了有关的激光参数。     

利用1．313μm激光泵浦掺铒石英光纤产生上转换放大自发辐射

报道了利用１．３１３μｍ波长调Ｑ锁模Ｎｄ３＋：ＹＬＦ激光泵浦国产掺铒石英光纤同时产生可见光４６３ｎｍ（４６３ｎｍ，４７５ｎｍ，４８５ｎｍ，４９４ｎｍ，５０１ｎｍ，５１０ｎｍ），５２５ｎｍ，５４０ｎｍ（５２５～５６４ｎｍ），二次谐波信号６５６ｎｍ（６５６～６７５ｎｍ）和近红外８０４ｎｍ（７８４～８２０ｎｍ）等波段放大自发辐射的实验结果．在可见光４６３ｎｍ波段，在高泵浦功率下观察到随泵浦光功率增大，邻近几个中心波长与４６３ｎｍ波长信号产生类似级联共振放大增强的现象。同时发现几个中心波长辐射光谱宽度随泵浦光功率增加有加宽的关系，这与现有实验结果报道不一致。实验中还发现３ｍ长光纤与４．５ｍ长光纤在输出可见光自发辐射光谱方面有很大的不同．３ｍ光纤在相等泵浦光功率下．出现邻近波长共振放大加强的几率比４．５ｍ光纤小得多。根据能级跃迁关系提出了共振四光子吸收将基态４Ｉ１５／２离子抽运到高能态２Ｇ７／２，然后跃迁辐射回到４Ｉ１３／２态的机制，给出了实验结果的初步机理解释。     

新型红外调Q、锁模用染料

合成了吸收波长为１４５５ｎｍ的红外域调Ｑ、锁模染料．它的碘乙烷、１，２－二氯乙烷及二甲基亚砜溶液对１３４０ｎｍ激光进行锁模时．显示优良性能．锁模脉宽为９０～１００ｐｓ。它的聚砜薄膜能对１０６４ｎｍ激光进行满意调Ｑ，脉宽为１０ｎｓ．     

宽调谐窄线宽脉冲钛宝石激光器

介绍了一种采用色散型布儒斯特棱镜扩束器调谐的脉冲钛宝石激光系统，通过泵浦光反馈泵浦，使转换效率提高了～８％；采用色散型布儒斯特棱镜扩束器加光栅（或平面镜）调谐，实现了窄线宽可调谐输出，输出激光能量为２３ｍＪ，转换效率达１９％．调谐范围为６８０～９１３ｎｍ，输出激光线宽小于０．０１ｎｍ。     

近红外激光诱导InP（100）表面蚀刻反应

采用超声氯分子束和时间分辨质谱研究了由１０６４ｎｍ近红外激光诱导ＩｎＰ（１００）表面蚀刻反应的产物质量分，入射Ｃｌ＿２分子束的平动能效应，激光能量密度和表面温度的影响，并讨论了反应机理。     

高功率激光作用下多光子激发Cs_2的新扩散带辐射

本文报告当λ＝１．０７５６ｍ的强激光作用于铯金属蒸气时，获得了从波长４１０ｎｍ到４７３ｎｍ的准连续的新的辐射带，它在４１２．７ｎｍ、４２１．５ｎｍ、４３３．１ｎｍ、４４５．２ｎｍ、４４６．６ｎｍ及４６０．６ｎｍ等处有较高的强度，初步分析表明这个准连续辐射带是来源于Ｃｓ２的新扩散带，这是迄今首次获得的Ｃｓ２的一个新的谱带实验结果。     

碘乙烷分子共振增强多光子电离飞行时间的质谱研究

在４７３～４８３ｎｍ波长范围内对碘乙烷分子共振增强多光子电离（ＲＥＭＰＩ）飞行时间（ＴＯＦ）质谱（ＭＳ）作了研究。分析结果表明在该波段碘乙烷（Ｃ２Ｈ５Ｉ）分子吸收双光子激光能量跃迁激发至Ａ带的３Ｅ,２Ａ１及１Ａ２态,激发态分子碎裂成中性碎片,中性碎片再吸收光子电离,产生了Ｃ２Ｈ＋５和Ｉ＋离子。Ｃ２Ｈ＋５离子进一步吸收光子并碎裂形成了碘乙烷分子ＲＥＭＰＩ－ＭＳ中其他的碎片离子。     

激光诱导碘荧光(LIIF)强度与激发激光波长的关系

理论上简要地分析了在可见光波段碘荧光强度与激发激光波长的关系 ,并用波长为 5 32nm半导体倍频Nd :YAG激光、波长为 5 14 .5nm、5 0 1.7nm、4 96 .5nm和 4 88nm的氩离子激光激发碘分子 ,通过对获得的荧光信号分析得出 ,五种波长的激光均可诱导出碘荧光。对相同的激光功率 ,波长为 5 32nm的倍频Nd :YAG诱导出的碘荧光信号比波长为 5 14 .5nm的氩离子激光强 ,两种激光均可作为碘气体的激发激光。其它三种波长激光诱导出碘荧光强度弱 ,在激发激光传输方向衰减明显 ,不适合作为碘荧光的激发激光。     

线-圆双偏振态光束抽运有机聚合物全光开关

为了有效降低偶氮苯聚合物薄膜全光开关信号的本底,提高全光开关信号的调制深度,利用线偏振光合成圆偏振光的原理,设计了一种新的线-圆双偏振态光束抽运光路。实验用532 nm光作为抽运光,632.8 nm的He-Ne激光作为探测光。532 nm的光先分为功率相等但偏振正交、相位差为π/2奇数倍的两束线偏振光,然后再合成一束抽运光。通过调制其中的一束来实现线偏振与圆偏振抽运光之间的转换,从而实现样品光致双折射的产生与擦除。以掺杂分散红1(DR1)的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜(PMMA)为样品进行实验。结果表明,用此光路,样品全光开关信号的调制深度达到92%,远远高于传统的单一线偏振光束抽运光路的实验结果。     

利用激光边带注入法实现光脉冲的减速和存储

基于激光边带注入法在铷原子蒸气中实现了电磁诱导透明、光脉冲的减速和存储.为实现对铷原子的相干操控,将主激光器的输出锁定在铷87原子D1线F=1→F'=2的跃迁谱线上,经6.8 GHz电光调制器(EOM)调制后,负一阶频率边带与D1线F=2→F'=2跃迁频率共振.将负一阶频率边带注入锁定从激光器,主激光器和从激光器输出的两束激光和铷原子的两基态超精细能级达到双光子共振,实现相干操控铷原子.将主激光器和从激光器输出的两束激光作为探测光和耦合光输入到铷泡中,通过操控两光束的波形和开关观察到电磁诱导透明、光脉冲的减速和存储.     

差分吸收激光雷达探测二氧化硫实验研究

二氧化硫是大气中最常见、最重要的污染物之一.差分吸收激光雷达探测二氧化硫具有高时空分辨率、高探测精度等优点.用两台Nd:YAG 激光器泵浦两台染料激光器后,通过倍频晶体得到测量大气二氧化硫所需的两个波长,它们分别是on=300.05nm 和off=301.5nm.将两束光束用几组反射镜合为一束光束,经扩束镜6 倍扩束后垂直发射进入到大气中.接收望远镜收集两个激光波长的大气后向散射信号,信号采集单元记录两个波长的后向散射回波信号的垂直高度分布.通过数据反演获得二氧化硫的高度分布.初步实验结果表明,实验期间合肥西郊董铺岛垂直高度0.3~1.6km 的二氧化硫在0~14ppb 范围内波动.最后分析并估算了该二氧化硫差分吸收激光雷达的四个主要误差来源.     

Axial and radial fluorescence of dye-doped polymer fiber

Fluorescence spectra of perylene-doped polymer fiber were measured in both radial and axial directions, i.e., for leaky and guided beams, by exciting the fiber with a pulsed laser of 460-540-nm wavelength. Green (540-550 nm) and yellow (580 nm) peaks were observed in the radial fluorescence spectrum. Measuring fluorescence change at positions closer to the input end and progressing forward to the output end, we observed that green fluorescence decreased rapidly corresponding to an attenuation constant at incident laser wavelength. In contrast, yellow fluorescence decreased gradually, because it was induced by the absorption of green fluorescence, which attenuated more gradually than incident laser. Therefore, in axial output beams, green fluorescence was much weaker than yellow. As incident laser power increased, intensities of axial green fluorescence and radial fluorescence (both green and yellow) saturated to a certain level. In contrast, axial yellow fluorescence increased nonlinearly with increase in laser power. The output light intensity became strongest at a fiber length of 20-30 mm. These phenomena were analyzed theoretically taking self-absorption and stimulated emission by fluorescent dyes into consideration     

Optically pumped CW dimer lasers

Bound-bound electronic transitions in simple molecules are generally suited to realize efficient multiline laser oscillation in the visible and ultraviolet spectral region. By means of optical excitation with argon and krypton lasers, CW laser oscillation could be obtained for various homonuclear diatomic (dimer) molecules such as Li2, Na2, K2, Bi2, S2, Te2, and I2, with emission of several hundred laser lines in the spectral range of about 400-1350 nm. The principles of these lasers and the general dependence of threshold and output power on temperature, pressure, length of vapor zone, and some other parameters is discussed. To achieve satisfactory CW operation, low quenching losses for the upper laser level population and a sufficiently fast relaxation of the population of the lower laser level are necessary. Under optimum operation conditions, efficiencies up to 15 percent, multiline output powers up to 400 mW, and single line-single frequency output powers up to 200 mW were achieved. These dimer lasers are three-level laser systems. In case of coherent optical excitation, two-photon or Raman-type processes contribute to the amplification process. Due to these mechanisms the forward direction is strongly favored and in a ring laser system spontaneous unidirectional oscillation is obtained. By means of a suitable three-level model, analytical and numerical calculations of gain profiles are performed and compared with experiments. These optically pumped molecular lasers are suited for various spectroscopic and kinetic investigations, for frequency standards or as simple and efficient systems to convert pump laser radiation into other spectral regions.     

Thermomechanical effects in metal lines on integrated circuits analysed with a differential polarimetric interferometer

We present a new laser probe, a differential polarimetric interferometer, which is dedicated to the study of common failure mechanisms in microelectronic interconnects. Our investigation is mainly concentrated on the study of thermomechanical stress build-up and electromigration in metal lines. In the differential interferometer, two laser beams, separated by a few microns, are reflected from the surface of the device under test. Reflectance, phase and polarization changes between the two beams can be observed, this allows surface temperature and surface bending measurements together with the observation of stress induced in the silicon dioxide layer by Joule thermal expansion. The laser probe provides unique and useful information about local thermal effects due to electromigration. It also shows, for the first time to our knowledge, induced local stress effects due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of the metal, Si and SiO₂ involved in running interconnect lines.     

Diagnostics of TM010-mode microwave cavity discharges inCO2-N2-He laser gas mixtures. II. Measurement ofvibration temperature

For pt. I see ibid., vol., 31, no. 8, p. 1525-32 (1995). The plasma temperatures in microwave discharged CO₂-N₂-He laser gas mixtures were examined using the spectroscopic and electrostatic probe methods. A vibration temperature of N₂ molecules, obtained spectroscopically, was determined to be nearly 7000 K without gas circulation and to be nearly 4000 K at the mass flow rate of 4.2 kg/h. It is found that an efficiency of laser output power exceed 14% (RF to laser output power conversion ratio) below the vibration temperature of 4000 K. The values of vibration temperature obtained were higher than those reported in DC discharges     

Quantitative nonlinear spectroscopy: a direct comparison ofdegenerate four-wave mixing with cavity ring-down spectroscopy appliedto NaH

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and degenerate four-wave mixing have been applied for spectroscopic studies, temperature determination, and measurement of relative dipole transition moments of photochemically produced sodium hydride. In our experiment, NaH was formed within a heat-pipe oven after 3p excitation of sodium in a hydrogen atmosphere with a second dye laser. The reaction product NaH was probed in the near ultraviolet part of the spectrum at 382 nm with 1-4-μs delay to the excitation pulse using both a linear and nonlinear spectroscopic technique with a pulsed dye laser source (pulsewidth 15-ns full-width half-maximum). The strengths and limitations of these two spectroscopic techniques are discussed. Since the two processes depend on different parameters and the image-forming beams have different properties, it is difficult to define a single criterion for comparison. But our measurements indicate that cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a powerful tool with a sensitivity better than 10⁹ particles per cm³ and quantum state which is comparable to degenerate four-wave mixing in our case     

直接输出高阶横模激光器的实验研究

从理论和实验上研究了从激光器直接输出高阶拉盖尔-高斯（LG）光束和高阶厄密-高斯（HG）光束。首先从理论上研究了高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束的光强分布特性,并进行数值仿真。在实验研究中,利用445 nm的蓝光半导体激光器端面泵浦Pr:YLF晶体,在一定的条件下,能从平凹腔直接输出640 nm波长高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束。实验结果表明:从激光腔内输出的高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束与理论仿真基本一致。文中所报道的获得高阶模的实验装置简单,对产生高阶光束及其应用具有较重要价值。