WDM全光网络中实时组播的分布式路由与波长分配算法

在WDM网络中，由于每条链路上可用波长是动态变化的，在考虑波长转换延迟的条件下，实现实时组播连接的路由与波长分配是十分困难的．假定WDM网络中每条链路有多根光纤，只有部分结点具有波长转换器且波长转换时间是不可忽略的，据此提出了一种用于建立实时组播连接的分布式路由与波长分配算法．该算法以Prim最小生成树算法为基础，生成一棵满足给定延迟时限的最小成本树．当最小成本树不能包括所有目的结点时，对剩余目的结点生成一棵最短延迟树，然后合并两棵树得到一棵组播树．波长分配使用最少波长转换和负载平衡策略．     

WDM光传送网中基于链路状态等级的动态路由与波长分配算法

提出了两种基于链路状态分级的路由与波长分配算法．分别为链路等级优先的动态路由与波长分配算法（LFLS-DRAW）和满足等级要求的动态路由与波长分配算法（RLSDRAW）算法．理论分析表明，基于链路状态分级的路由与波长分配算法的计算复杂度与同类算法相当，且与其它算法相比具有一定的优越性．仿真结果表明．基于链路状态分级的路由与波长分．配算法在计算时间和平均路由跳数相近的情况下．所选择路径的路由状态等级较高．具有较强的负载均衡能力，可以有效降低网络的拥塞概率．     

WDM网络中实时组播的分布式优化RWA算法

在WDM网络中,由于每条链路上可用波长是动态变化的,在考虑波长转换延迟时间的条件下,实现实时组播连接的路由选择与波长分配是十分困难的。论文提出了一种用于建立实时组播连接的分布式路由选择与波长分配算法。该算法将路由选择与波长分配统一进行,大大减少连接的建立时间。组播路由算法以Prim最小生成树算法为基础,生成一棵满足给定延迟时限的最小成本树。波长分配使用最少波长转换和同一波长最长使用策略。     

WDM网络中实时组播的分布式路由与波长分配算法

在WDM网络中,由于每条链路上可用波长是动态变化的,在考虑波长转换延迟时间的条件下,实现实时组播连接的路由与波长分配是十分困难的。该文提出了一种用于建立实时组播连接的分布式路由与波长分配算法。该算法将路由与波长分配统一进行,大大减少连接的建立时间。组播路由算法以Prim最小生成树算法和K-度宽度优先搜索方法为基础,生成一棵满足给定延迟时限的最小成本树。波长分配使用最少波长转换和负载平衡策略。     

WDM网络中满足延迟和延迟差约束的分布式组播路由与波长分配算法

在WDM网络中,由于每条链路上可用波长是动态变化的,在考虑波长转换延迟时间的条件下,实现实时组播连接的路由与波长分配是十分困难的。论文提出了一种用于建立满足延迟时限和延迟差要求的实时组播连接的分布式路由与波长分配算法。该算法假定每个节点没有全局路由信息,只根据关联链路的信息进行路由选择,且将路由与波长分配统一进行。组播路由算法以Prim最小生成树算法为基础,生成一棵满足给定延迟时限的最小成本树。对不满足延迟时限的目的节点,通过增加回路边构造回路再消除长延迟路径的方式,加入到组播树中。对不满足延迟差的目的节点,采用重构Steiner树的方法,使其满足延迟差的要求。波长分配使用最少波长转换和负载平衡策略。     

多粒度光网络中动态路由与波长分配算法

通过分析多粒度光网络路由与波长分配的特点,针对WAPG算法的波长碎片问题,通过定义5种不同的逻辑链路权重,修改了WAPG算法的波长权重标注方法,达到减少波长碎片的目的。仿真结果表明,提出的修正算法有效地减少了多粒度光网络中的波长转换数,降低网络的阻塞概率,同时节省网络资源。     

对WDM网络中一种路由算法的改进

路由问题始终是WDM全光网络中的一个核心问题。原有的一些WDM网络动态业务路由算法,在对链路赋权求最短路时,用链路上已使用波长数对链路直接赋权,或者链路权值与链路上已使用波长数成倍数关系。这种策略在一定程度上可以均衡各条链路的使用率,但缺乏对建立连接所用跳数的考虑,特别是在多优先级业务网络中,没有体现对不同优先级业务的区别;同时,链路的权值和已用波长数成线性关系,对“瓶颈”链路的禁用力度不够。新算法对原算法做了改进,将链路的使用率与路由的跳数结合起来对链路进行赋权。新算法可根据业务的属性、优先级别等灵活地调整链路权值,使得连接尽量建立在链路使用率较低,且跳数较少的路由上。     

基于粒子群优化的WDM全光网络的组播路由优化算法

WDM网络中,路由和波长分配是紧密联系的,其中波长分配是设计的难点。该文以瓶颈链路数与可用信道数的比值来反映选择波长对全网状态的影响,设计了一种基于粒子群算法（PSO）的对路由和波长的分配统一进行的优化算法。该算法在给定一组时延受限的组渡请求下,建立满足时延约束的最低代价组播路由树,并使该路由树的瓶颈链路数与可用信道数的比值较小。。计算机仿真表明该算法是有效性。     

波分复用光传输网中波长路由算法的研究进展

光纤正迅速成为主干通信网的标准传介媒质．随着光学器件的发展，使得信号在传输过程中，除了在源、汇节点需要光电转换外，中间节点可保持光传输，这种通信网络叫光传送网．光传送网中的波分复用技术是将整个光纤的带宽分成多个信道，不同的信道可使用不同的波长来同时进行信息传输，从而增加了整个网络的带宽．在光传送网中，实现一个通信请求需要建立一条通信路径，并为该通信路径所经过的每条链上分配一个波长，即所谓波长路由．该文详细介绍了波分复用光传送网中波长路由算法的研究进展，内容包括波长分配算法、网络的信元阻塞率分析、容错和QoS波长路由、多播波长路由、最小化ADM数路由以及基于光或光电连接的并行机模型等．     

基于拥塞预规避控制的QoS路由选择算法研究

现有网络常用的路由算法(比如链路状态路由算法)都不具有拥塞预规避控制能力．提出了一种基于拥塞预规避控制的QoS路由算法(QRCP)．该算法对业务流量进行了更为合理的分配，避免或尽量减少对将来业务流的连接请求的影响，最终减少网络的拥塞概率．通过实验仿真，结果表明，该算法在拥塞避免与网络效益上．比现有的最宽一最短(WSP)与最短．最宽(SWP)路径算法具有明显的优越性．     

基于最小二乘法的光纤光栅Bragg波长直线拟合

针对基于可调谐法布里珀罗(F-P)滤波器的光纤光栅解调系统存在波长解调准确度不够高的问题,从理论上系统地分析了在解调过程中对光纤光栅B ragg波长进行直线拟合的可行性,即光纤光栅B ragg波长与F-P滤波器的调谐电压之间存在线性相关性。在实验研究的基础上,用最小二乘法对光纤光栅B ragg波长和F-P滤波器的调谐电压进行直线拟合,结果表明:它们之间的确存在密切的线性相关性。为提高拟合的效果,提出了分段直线拟合,它可以使测量误差降低至少1个数量级,从而提高了F-P滤波器光纤光栅解调系统的准确度。     

Minimizing ADMs on WDM directed fiber trees

This paper proposes a polynomial-time algorithm for Minimum WDM/SONET Add/Drop Multiplexer Problem (MADM) on WDM directed fiber trees whether or not wavelength converters axe used.It runs in time O(m^2n),where n and m are the number of nodes of the tree andthe number of the requests respectively.Incorporating T.Erlebach et al.‘s work into the proposed algorithm,it also reaches the lower bound of the required wavelengths with greedy algorithms for the case without wavelength converters.Combined with some previous work,the algorithm reduces the number of required wavelengths greatly while using minimal number of ADMs for the case with limited wavelength converters.The experimental results show the minimal number of required ADMs on WDM directed fiber trees.     

一种IP／DWDM光因特网中的QoS组播路由算法

本文讨论了一种IP／DWDM光因特同的QoS组播路由算法，在已知QoS组播请求和所需时间延迟的前提下．提出了一种可以找到基于柔性QoS的、次优的路由树的算法。此外．我们对QoS满意程度一术语作了定义。所提出的算法在多种群并行遗传模拟退火算法基础上构建组播树，并根据波长图为树分配波长。此算法将路由选择和波长分配一体化，路由选择的目的在于找到一个次优组播树，波长分配的目的则是通过使波长覆盖数量最小来最小化组播树的延迟。因此，组播树的估价和QoS用户满意程度两方面都接近最优。该算法同时考虑了负载均衡。仿真结果表明．该算法是灵活有效的。     

基于腰椎放大熔接的FBG热线式风力计

提出了一种基于腰椎放大熔接和光纤Bragg光栅（ FBG）的热线式风力计,传感结构由表面镀金属银膜的FBG和腰椎放大光纤熔接点构成。腰椎放大熔接点将高功率的泵浦激光由纤芯耦合到光纤包层,被镀银膜吸收产生热量,从而使FBG的温度升高。当气流经FBG时,部分热量会被带走,导致FBG的温度降低。FBG的中心波长随温度的变化而变化,因此,通过测量FBG波长的漂移即可以测得气流速度。实验结果表明：此FBG热线式风力计的测量范围为0～13.7 m/s,灵敏度和分辨率分别可达1.0 nm/（ m/s）和0.001 m/s。     

Optimal scheduling algorithms in WDM optical interconnects with limited range wavelength conversion capability

Optical communication is a promising candidate for many emerging networking and parallel/distributed computing applications because of its huge bandwidth. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technique that can better utilize the optical bandwidth by dividing the bandwidth of a fiber into multiple wavelength channels. In this paper, we study optimal scheduling algorithms to resolve output contentions in bufferless time slotted WDM optical interconnects with wavelength conversion ability. We consider the general case of limited range wavelength conversion with arbitrary conversion capability, as limited range wavelength conversion is easier to implement and more cost effective than full range wavelength conversion, and it also includes full range wavelength conversion as a special case. We first consider the conversion scheme in which each wavelength can be converted to multiple wavelengths in an interval of wavelengths and the intervals for different wavelengths are "ordered". We show that the problem of maximizing network throughput can be formalized as finding a maximum matching in a bipartite graph. We then give an optimal scheduling algorithm called the first available algorithm that runs in O(k) time, where k is the number of wavelengths per fiber. We also study the case where the connection requests have different priorities. We formalize the problem as finding an optimal matching in a weighted bipartite graph and give a scheduling algorithm called the downwards expanding algorithm that runs in O(kD + Nklog(Nk)) time where N is the number of input fibers of the interconnect and D is the conversion degree. Finally, we consider the circular symmetrical wavelength conversion scheme and give optimal scheduling algorithms for nonprioritized scheduling in O(Dk) time and prioritized scheduling in O(k/sup 2/+Nklog(Nk)) time.     

A multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing-based QoS routing and wavelength assignment integration algorithm for multicast in optical networks

In this paper, we propose an integrated Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm for optical networks. Given a QoS multicast request and the delay interval specified by users, the proposed algorithm can find a flexible-QoS-based cost suboptimal routing tree. The algorithm first constructs the multicast tree based on the multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing algorithm, and then assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph. In the algorithm, routing and wavelength assignment are integrated into a single process. For routing, the objective is to find a cost suboptimal multicast tree. For wavelength assignment, the objective is to minimize the delay of the multicast tree, which is achieved by minimizing the number of wavelength conversion. Thus both the cost of multicast tree and the user QoS satisfaction degree can approach the optimal. Our algorithm also considers load balance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective. We also discuss the practical realization mechanisms of the algorithm.     

改进遗传算法应用于全光网中静态路由与波长分配的优化

文章对静态情况下光网络的路由和波长分配问题进行了深入研究,创新性地提出了两条规则调整波长关系图,使得波长关系图中的连通度比较均衡,减少了波长使用数量1/3。文章同时改进了遗传算法,提出了一种新的可以自我调节变异和交叉因子的值的算法(VMCR-GA),通过交叉算子的操作,形成了一种正反馈机制,可以大大加速遗传算法的解空间搜索速度和收敛速度。通过对CERNET网络的仿真计算,发现无论在最短路径还是在优化路由算法中,改进的遗传算法和波长分配方法的性能都比基本遗传算法的性能有很大的提高,证明这种改进的算法和方法是非常有效的。     

Designing a fine‐grained parallel differential evolution with Pareto tournaments for solving an optical networking problem

The future of designing optical networks focuses on the wavelength division multiplexing technology. This technology divides the huge bandwidth of an optical fiber into different wavelengths, providing different available channels per link of optical fiber. However, when it is required to establish a set of demands, a problem comes up. This problem is known as routing and wavelength assignment problem. In this work, we have tackled the static routing and wavelength assignment problem by using multiobjective evolutionary computing. The algorithm applied is the differential evolution but modified with the Pareto tournaments concept for being adapted to the multiobjective context. By using OpenMP, an application programming interface that supports multiplatform shared memory multiprocessing programming, we have demonstrated that this algorithm is highly suitable to be parallelized. We have performed several experiments in multicore systems with two, four, and eight cores, obtaining 97.57% of mean efficiency. To ensure that our heuristic obtains relevant results, we have compared it with a parallel version of the standard fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. Finally, in order to show the goodness and effectiveness of the differential evolution with Pareto tournaments algorithm when dealing with this problem, we present diverse multiobjective comparisons with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm and other approaches published in the literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于O ptiFiber的G .657单模光纤设计

According to the construction characteristics of the optical fiber access network,the need for new single-mode optical fi- ber products which are resistant to bend is proposed in this article,and then describes the classifications of the G.657 fiber,the main technical standards of the G.657.A2 fiber and the typical ways of improving the fiber bending performance． And finally it cal- culates the number of fiber modes,cut-off wavelength,bending loss,dispersion and mode field distribution and other performance parameters of the G.657 fiber by the OptiFiber simulation system．     

基于iPLS和CARS数据融合技术的波长选择算法

针对液体中物质含量的光谱分析中波长选择展开研究,构建一种多模型融合算法进行波长选择,在减少波长数量的基础上提高预测精度。提出的区间自适应加权波长选择算法（iCARS）,应用iPLS算法和CARS算法的多模型融合,在波长选择中结合变量与样本纵横向自适应优化选择,以及对波段和波长分步骤选择实现波长优化选择,实现了波段和波长的自适应选择。通过MATLAB仿真实验,将PLS模型做为预测模型,在对啤酒原麦汁浓度预测仿真实验中,应用iCARS算法选择19个变量,利用这些变量建立PLS预测模型得到的RMSEP为0.139。变量数目大大减少,预测能力明显提高,实现了变量的优化选择。