Improvement on strip flatness of cold temper mills by modifying roll contour shape

A study on roll gap profile (strip profile) control was accomplished in a 1700 mm single-stand temper mill. Some critical problems such as the deviation of work roll contour caused by grinding and wear, the effectiveness of work roll bending were discussed. Using a finite element model, the effects of roll contours (ground and wear) on strip profile were investigated. The roll bending effect on strip thickness was also analyzed. It is pointed out that there are some special features of flatness control in the temper mill: during temper rolling, roll deformation is slight due to small rolling load, and the loaded roll gap profile mainly depends on work roll contour, while the backup roll has a little effect on gap crown; the effect of bending force on gauge can not be ignored due to the coupling between flatness control and gauge control. A new roll contour arrangement adaptable to the mill was presented and has been put into practical production. The application of the new set of rolls showed some good results: larger crown control range of work roll bender, higher rolling stability, better strip profile and flatness quality.     

基于板形性能优化目标的支承辊辊形设计

研究了宽板带轧机辊形设计的原理和方法,提出了一种基于板形性能优化目标的支承辊辊形设计理念,并在某冷轧机组应用所设计的辊形,改善了支承辊磨损,提高了轧机的板形控制能力.     

Comprehensive contour prediction model of work rolls in hot wide strip mill

The predictive calculation of comprehensive contour of work rolls in the on-line strip shape control model during hot rolling consists of two important parts of wear contour calculation and thermal contour calculation, which have a direct influence on the ac- curacy of shape control. A statistical wear model and a finite difference thermal contour model of work rolls were described. The comprehensive contour is the equivalence treatment of the sum of grinding, wear, and thermal contours. This comprehensive contour calculation model has been applied successfully in the real on-line strip shape control model. Its high precision has been proved through the large amounts of actual roll profile measurements and theoretical analyses. The hit rates (percent of shape index satisfying re- quirement) of crown and head flatness of the strips rolled, by using the shape control model, which includes the comprehensive contour calculation model, have about 16% and 10% increase respectively, compared to those of strips rolled by using manual operation.     

Backup roll contour of a SmartCrown tandem cold rolling mill

SmartCrown was a new system developed by VAI for improving the strip profile and flatness control first applied in 1700mm tandem cold rolling mills at Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation (WISCO). After tracing and testing, the application of the conventional crown backup roll matching the SmartCrown work roll of the production mill led to heavy and nonuniform wear, and the edge spalling of the backup roll often occurred. A 3-dimension finite element model of roll stacks was established, which was used to analyze the above-mentioned problems, and it was found that the main reason was the highly nonuniform contact pressure distribution between the work roll and the backup roll. A new FSR (flexible shape backup roll) was developed and applied in 1700mm tandem cold rolling mills. A lot of good actual effects of FSR, such as evident improvement in profile and flatness of strips,non-occurring edge spalling, wear uniform, and remarkable decrease in roll consumption were validated by long-term industrial applications.     

PC轧机辊系的三维建模与有限元分析

采用三维有限元法(ANSYS)建立PC轧机辊系的模型,并分析了PC轧机在不同工况下辊系弹性变形与工作辊/支撑辊的接触压力.计算结果表明,影响PC轧机轧件截面形状的主要因素是对辊交叉所产生的等效辊凸度.文中采用的建模与分析方法与其它方法相比,计算结果更为精确、可靠.     

Analysis of the thermal profile of work rolls in the hot strip rolling process

A 2-dimension axisymmetric model was developed by the finite-difference method, which can be used to predict the transient temperature field and thermal profile of work rolls in the hot strip rolling process. To demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the solution developed, the calculation results were compared with the production data of a 1700 mm hot strip rolling mill and good agreement was found between them. The effect of strip width and roll shifting on the thermal expansion of the work rolls was studied.It is found that the strip width has marked effect on the efficient thermal crown. Initially, when the rolling strip changes from narrow to wide, a bigger efficient thermal crown can be quickly achieved; afterwards, when the rolling strip changes from wide to narrow,not only the influence of uneven wear can be reduced but also the excessive efficient thermal crown can be avoided. It is also found that the work roll shifting has a determinate but not obvious effect on the reduction of the efficient thermal crown, and will make the strip shape unstable without being used properly.     

Backup roll contour in finishing trains of hot rolling based on hybrid genetic algorithm

On the basis of integrating two-dimensional varying thickness finite element method with hybrid genetic algorthm,a precise model was developed to design ideal backup roll contour(Varying Contact Backup Roll,inshort VCR) in finishing trains of hot rolling rapidly and efficaciously,Additionally,a lot of good actual effects of VCR,such as evident improvement of profile and flatness of strip,remarkable decrease of roll consume,excellent maneuverability and maintenance,and so on,were validated by long-tem industrial tests in hot rolling strip plant of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corporation(WISCO).     

Work roll thermal contour prediction model of nonoriented electrical steel sheets in hot strip mills

The demands for profile and flatness of nonoriented electrical steels are becoming more and more severe. The temperature field and thermal contour of work rolls are the key factors that affect the profile and flatness control in the finishing trains of the hot rolling. A theoretic mathematical model was built by a two-dimensional finite difference to calculate the temperature field and thermal contour at any time within the entire rolling campaign in the hot rolling process. To improve the calculating speed and precision, some special solutions were introduced, including the development of this model, the simplification of boundary conditions, the computation of heat transfer coefficient, and the narrower mesh along the edge of the strip. The effects of rolling pace and work roll shifting on the temperature field and thermal contour of work rolls in the hot rolling process were demonstrated. The calculated results of the prediction model are in good agreement with the measured ones and can be applied to guiding profile and flatness control of nonoriented electrical steel sheets in hot strip mills.     

热连轧轧机主要静态技术参数的测量方法与应用

对影响热轧轧机技术状态的主要静态技术参数进行了分析与评估,并对某中板厂2 800 mm中板轧机轴承座侧间隙、轧机机架的沉降、轧辊的水平度、轧辊辊系偏心等主要参数进行了现场测量和分析,为同类轧机维护维修和技术改造提供理论和实际依据。     

Forced transverse vibration of rolls for four-high rolling mill

In order to investigate the forced transverse vibration of rolls under distributed draught pressure and moment of bending roll force, the forced transverse vibration model of rolls for four-high rolling mill was established. The work roll and backup roll were considered as elastic continuous bodies that were joined by a Winkler elastic layer. According to Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the forced transverse vibration of rolls was analyzed based on modal superposition method. The forced vibration equations were established when the draught pressure and moment of bending roll force were imposed on the rolls respectively. Numerical modeling was made on 2 030 mm cold tandem rolling mill of Baoshan Iron and Steel Company. Simulation results show that when the work roll is only subjected to different forms of draught pressures, the vibration curves of work roll and backup roll are quadratic curves with amplitudes of 0.3 mm and 45 μm, respectively. When only the moments of bending roll force are imposed on the work roll and backup roll, the vibration curves of work roll and backup roll are quadratic curves, and the amplitudes are 5.0 and 1.6 μm, respectively. The influence of moment of bending roll force on the vibration of work roll is related with the bending roll force.     

Simulation of type selection for 6-high cold tandem mill based on shape control ability

A theoretical method for selecting strip rolling mill type that considered shape control ability was established using the figure alteration range that was worked by the alteration track of vector expressing strip＇s cross section （crown） to express the shape control ability of rolling mill. With the mathematical models and simulation software that were developed by the authors＇ own models, four types of mills were aimed, including HCM （6-high middle rolls shift type HC （high crown） -mill）, HCMW （6-high middle rolls and work rolls shift type HC-mill）, UCM （6-high middle rolls shift type HC-mill with middle roll bender） and UCMW （6-high middle rolls and work rolls shift type HC-mill with middle roll bender）, and the shape and crown control ability of every mill type was analyzed and compared. An appropriate arrangement mode of tandem mill was brought forward. The results show that UCMW mill is a perfect choice for controlling shape and crown, and the area of control characteristics curve of UCMW （or UCM） is twice than that of HCM, but UCM mill is also a good choice for its simple frame. In other word, the shape and crown controlling ability of UCMW mill is better than that of UCM mill, but the frame of UCM mill is simpler than that of UCMW mill. As for the final type of mill, should be synthetically decided by thinking over fund and equipment technology.     

WRS轧机工作辊磨损计算及板形调控分析

在热带钢连轧机设计及改造中采用WRS辊系作为下游机座可以增强机组的板形调控能力。从理论上分析了辊系在轧制中的磨损特性，工作辊磨损辊型的计算方法，根据实际轧制工况对其板形的调控、影响因素进行了定量分析。     

Preset model of bending force for 6-high reversing cold rolling mill based on genetic algorithm

The hydraulic roll-bending device was studied, which was widely used in modern cold rolling mills to regulate the strip flatness. The loaded roll gap crown mathematic model and the strip crown mathematic model of the reversing cold rolling process were established, and the deformation model of roll stack system of the 6-high 1 250 mm high crown (HC) reversing cold rolling mill was built by slit beam method. The simulation results show that, the quadratic component of strip crown decreases nearly linearly with the increase of the work roll bending force, when the shifting value of intermediate roll is determined by the rolling process. From the first pass to the fifth pass of reversing rolling process, the crown controllability of bending force is gradually weakened. Base on analyzing the relationship among the main factors associated with roll-bending force in reversing multi-pass rolling, such as strip width and rolling force, a preset mathematic model of bending force is developed by genetic algorithm. The simulation data demonstrate that the relative deviation of flatness criterions in each rolling pass is improved significantly and the mean relative deviation of all five passes is decreased from 25.1% to 1.7%. The model can keep good shape in multi-pass reversing cold rolling process with the high prediction accuracy and can be used to guide the production process.     

Roll wear on finishing trains of ASP1700 hot strip mills

A great deal of research and practical production indicated that a perfect shape control system needs a precise prediction model of roll wear. According to the practical wear curve of work roll in Angang ASP1700 hot strip mill, which was measured by a roll-profilemeter, the model of wear curve caused by one single strip was estabfished. The prediction of work-roll wear was achieved by combining Fortran language and practical technology parameters. The calculated results agreed well with the measured.     

板凸度预报的一种应用

介绍了武汉钢铁(集团)有限公司中板厂应用的一套板凸度优化预报程序,该程序运行在ALPHA-4000上.在充分考虑轧辊初始凸度、磨损、热膨胀及受力变形等诸多因素的情况下,通过改变工作辊的初始辊形和以优化板凸度为目标的压下分配,实现了板凸度的控制,并在优化预报的基础上,进一步实现了轧制规程的优化.     

Analysis of CVC roll contour and determination of roll crown

Mathematical analysis of continuous variable crown (CVC) roll contour used in CSP production line was conducted and the roll contour function of CVC roll was obtained. The validation with actual CVC roll contour shows that the calculation values of the roll contour function and the actual roll contour parameters given by equipment provider are the same, which proves that the roll contour function of CVC rolls given in this article is correct. The nonlinear relationship between the roll crown of CVC rolls and roll shift amounts was deduced. The concept of crown extremum was given.     

Gauge-meter model building based on the effect of elastic deformation of rolls in a plate mill

The calculation error of the gauge-meter model will affect the gap setting precision and the self-learn precision of rolling force. The precision of the gauge-meter model is strongly influenced by plate width, working roll radius, backup roll radius, working roll crown, backup roll crown, and rolling force. The influence rules are hard to get by measuring. Taking a conventional 4-h plate mill as the research subject, these influences were transferred into the calculation of roll deflection and flattening deformation. To calculate these deformations, the theory of the influence function method was adopted. By modifying the traditional gauge-meter model, a novel model of the effect of roll elastic deformation on the gap setting was built by data fitting. By this model, it was convenient to analyze the variation caused by the rolling condition. Combining the elastic deformation model of rolls with the kiss-rolls method, a gauge-meter model was put forward for plate thickness prediction. The prediction precision of thickness was greatly improved by the new gauge-meter model.     

弯辊和串辊对带钢板形影响

基于有限元软件ANSYS建立了冷轧六辊轧机的三维弹塑性有限元参数化模型。将轧机实体模型转换成有限元模型,根据轧机的工作方式提炼出边界条件和载荷条件,施加在有限元模型上。参数化模型采用ANSYS参数化设计语言APDL编写。通过修改程序中的参数,计算分析了弯辊力、中间辊的串辊量以及带钢宽度等参数对带钢形状和辊缝的影响。计算结果表明:当带钢宽度小于1 300 mm时,调整弯辊力对带钢板形的改变较为明显;当带钢宽度大于1 700 mm时,调整弯辊力对改变带钢板形的作用变得非常小,此时通过连续可变凸度轧辊（CVC）的串辊来调节板形更有效。该结论与冷轧厂实践结论一致。     

UC轧机中间辊非对称弯辊改善辊间压力分布

为了改善UC轧机辊间压力不均匀分布问题,采用中间辊非对称弯辊系统替代原有对称弯辊系统.应用影响函数法计算辊系变形,同时考虑辊缝中金属横向流动对带钢出口张力横向分布的影响,通过迭代方法计算出中间辊两端施加不同弯辊力后的辊间压力分布、出口厚度横向分布与出口张力横向分布.理论分析和实际应用结果表明,中间辊非对称弯辊可以改善辊间压力分布不均,降低轧辊磨损和减少轧辊辊面剥落,且不会影响成品带钢的厚度和板形.     

低残余应力热轧带钢层流冷却工艺的数值模拟

通过建立厚度为3.0 mm的Q345热轧带钢在层流冷却过程中的温度与相变耦合计算有限元模型,计算了热轧带钢冷却后在宽度方向上温度、组织转变、内应力的分布,分析了采用2种冷却工艺下带钢宽度方向上的温度、相变和内应力的差别.结果表明:带钢经过中凸型水流分布的层流冷却后,沿带钢宽度方向温度趋于一致,从而使得相变后得到的铁素体及珠光体沿宽度方向上均匀分布.与常规均匀流量分布层流冷却相比,中凸水流量分布层流冷却后,带钢边部压应力减少80 MPa;带钢在宽度方向上的应变差变小,从原来的7.69×10-6减少到3.71×10-6,降低幅度为51.7%,有利于获得更好的板形。