公共交通与郊区购物中心

伴随着新城市主义和区域城市理论的提出,快捷便利的公共交通和轨道交通在城市交通中的地位日渐显著,在沟通城市中心区与郊区方面发挥了重要的作用。在这种背景下,郊区购物中心改变完全依赖小汽车的状况,利用公共交通的易达性、集客力和公共交通引导型开发（TOD）的基本客流,将拥有更广阔的发展前景。     

A novel technique and detailed analysis of cars in Indian roads to adopt low ground clearance

ABSTRACT

As the front wheels of a car descend along the slope of a bump, the vehicle comes down due to inertia. This motion is dampened by the suspension system. The Indian cars with low ground clearance when moving over bumps tend to have their under chassis brushed by the road surface which is mostly harmless. But if the bumps are too steep, the under chassis takes a hit .The result is damage to the critical parts of the vehicle. So our idea is to develop a system that will detect the presence of elements (bumps, speed breakers, stones, etc.,) in the course of the vehicle that could possibly cause serious damage to the vehicle’s under chassis and other critical parts. The system we propose aims to identify the presence of such unsafe obstacles. The system adopted for Indian cars will merely harden the suspension using MR damper to provide a small lift sufficient enough to the system. We aim to identify the presence of such unsafe obstacles. The system adopted for Indian cars will merely harden the suspension using MR damper to provide a small lift sufficient enough to get through the bumps.     

Clean-energy transportation for eco-cities

The combined impacts of progressive urban planning and transit are shown to lead to a future higher fraction of commercial vehicles within cities. Personal cars have only been eliminated in European cities where there was an overriding financial reason. Clean personal vehicles will still play a role. Well-to-wheel analysis can be used to select technology and fuel options where hybridisation and biofuels are lower cost means of reducing greenhouse gases. Some options listed, natural gas, hydrogen and electric vehicles, are most easily implemented by centrally refuelled fleets resulting in a natural synergy with the growing faction of commercial vehicles within cities. Life cycle costing of commercial vehicles enables the selection of clean technologies using financial benefits from fuel savings and maintenance. The fuel savings from vehicle weight reduction are described. It is concluded that transportation greenhouse gas savings in cities can well exceed 40% with a combination of the factors discussed.     

金属面夹芯板疲劳性能的理论及试验研究

金属面夹芯板以其良好的吸声降噪性能,被广泛用于声屏障中.而用于高速公路、高架桥道路、城市轻轨地铁以及铁路两侧的金属面夹芯板,则长期受到火车、汽车等经过时所引起的脉动风荷载作用,因此,对其疲劳性能的研究具有重要意义.首先,结合理论分析不同荷载作用下夹芯板能否发生疲劳破坏的几种情况;然后,通过有限元及试验研究验证了理论分析...     

Pollutant emissions from vehicles with regenerating after-treatment systems in regulatory and real-world driving cycles

Regenerating exhaust after-treatment systems are increasingly employed in passenger cars in order to comply with regulatory emission standards. These systems include pollutant storage units that occasionally have to be regenerated. The regeneration strategy applied, the resultant emission levels and their share of the emission level during normal operation mode are key issues in determining realistic overall emission factors for these cars. In order to investigate these topics, test series with four cars featuring different types of such after-treatment systems were carried out. The emission performance in legislative and real-world cycles was monitored as well as at constant speeds. The extra emissions determined during regeneration stages are presented together with the methodology applied to calculate their impact on overall emissions. It can be concluded that exhaust after-treatment systems with storage units cause substantial overall extra emissions during regeneration mode and can appreciably affect the emission factors of cars equipped with such systems, depending on the frequency of regenerations. Considering that the fleet appearance of vehicles equipped with such after-treatment systems will increase due to the evolution of statutory pollutant emission levels, extra emissions originating from regenerations of pollutant storage units consequently need to be taken into account for fleet emission inventories. Accurately quantifying these extra emissions is achieved by either conducting sufficient repetitions of emission measurements with an individual car or by considerably increasing the size of the sample of cars with comparable after-treatment systems.     

轮式装载机制动液加注方式分析与改进

由于装载机产量比轿车的产量低得多，并且装载机制动系统与轿车的制动系统有一定差异，所以装载机制动液加注方式一直没有引起业内的足够重视，加注方式相对落后。对现有加注方式进行了分析并提出改进建议。     

Biofuel from Algae

Finding an alternative fuel for our built environment as a substitute for fossil fuels is the Holy Grail of a sustainable future. Ken Yeang discusses the potential of mass algae production as a source of biofuel. Could we be powering our buildings and cars with algae in years to come? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of trade liberalization on the location of firms: NAFTA and the automobile industry

This study investigates the short-term impact of NAFTA on automobile production patterns by constructing a multiregional monopolistic-competition model, which accommodates three types of vehicle assembler and two classes of vertically linked parts supplier. By revealing the changes in potential profits of the firms in each region, the partial equilibrium model allows us to identify the types of automobile that will most likely be produced in Mexico as a result of reductions in tariffs and non-tariff barriers. The simulation results indicate that as trade barriers fall, ceteris paribus, producers of small cars will find it more desirable than large-car manufacturers to operate in Mexico. Recent developments seem to support the results of this model. Received: August 2000/Accepted: May 2002 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Uddevalla Symposium in June 2000. The author is grateful to Masahisa Fujita for providing inspiration and thoughtful guidance during the initial phase of this work.     

Environmental Sustainability of Large Australian Cities

In our five largest cities, inner urban residents directly consume less than the city-wide average of inputs such as energy and water, when adjusted for income. However, when indirect inputs are considered, the differences are small. In general, urban land use changes will have minor benefits for future sustainability, with the important exception of transport oil use.     

Environmental Sustainability of Large Australian Cities

In our five largest cities, inner urban residents directly consume less than the city-wide average of inputs such as energy and water, when adjusted for income. However, when indirect inputs are considered, the differences are small. In general, urban land use changes will have minor benefits for future sustainability, with the important exception of transport oil use.