Diurnal patterns of micropollutants concentrations in domestic greywater

In recent years, much interest has been given to presence of micropollutants in municipal wastewater, some of which are suspected to be endocrine disruptors, toxic or carcinogenic. Much less attention has been paid to their presence in greywater. The present research studies the diurnal patterns of micropollutants in greywater and computes their daily loads. Monitoring was carried-out using auto-controlled sampling system, designed to overcome the erratic greywater generation. Two main generation periods were identified: morning (5:00–11:00) and evening-night (18:00–2:00), contributing about 20% and >50% of daily greywater discharge, respectively. Average specific daily greywater discharge was 57 L p^?1d^?1, which matches reported value for greywater generated by showers and washbasins in Israel. The most frequently detected micropollutants in this study were methylparben (preservative), galaxolide (fragrance) and oxybenzone (UV-filter), which are common ingredients in many personal care-products. Their daily loads were 2, 840, 1, 887 and 728 µg p^?1d^?1, respectively.     

曝气沉砂池H2S排放浓度的时间变化与影响因子

为了解污水构筑物中H2S排放浓度的时间变化特征与影响因子,选取恶臭污染较重的8月—10月,分别于2014年和2015年对苏州某污水处理厂曝气沉砂池内H2S浓度进行了实时在线监测(采样间隔为30 s)。结果表明,污水厂的H2S排放浓度波动较大,具有明显的变化特征,一天中11:00—14:00、17:00—19:00、22:00—02:00是H2S排放的3个高峰期,05:00—09:00、15:00—16:00是H2S排放的低谷期。进一步考察了污水流量、污水中硫化物浓度、pH值和水温的变化对H2S排放浓度的影响,发现H2S排放浓度与污水流量(1180~2360 m^3/h)、污水中硫化物浓度(0.36~0.71 mg/L)和水温(26.8~27.1℃)呈显著正相关性,其中污水中硫化物浓度和水温与H2S排放浓度的Pearson相关系数分别为0.84和0.62。在一天的变化范围内,pH值波动范围(7.07~7.23)小,与H2S排放浓度未表现出显著的相关性。     

Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles in the Phyllostachys heterocycla Forest in Spring

Taking the Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in Qishan National Forest Park of Fuzhou for example, this study observed the diurnal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles in the forest in the growing season.The results showed that:(1) The diurnal variation curves of the particle concentration of the forest and the forest edge had "two peaks and two troughs", but the peaks and troughs of the forest edge were advanced or delayed.The concentrations of the particles in the forest and at the forest edge had two peaks at 11:00–13:00 and 17:00–19:00 and two troughs at 7:00–9:00 and 15:00–17:00.(2) For the forest and the forest edge, the diurnal variation trends of the particles of different particle sizes were generally similar, except that the peaks and troughs of fine particles were slightly earlier or lagging than that of coarse particles.(3) The concentrations of the particles were positively correlated with temperature, humidity and light, and negatively correlated with wind speed, and the concentrations of the particles at the forest edge were significantly negatively correlated with wind speed.     

基于公共健康视角的城市公园颗粒物 时空分布及影响因素研究

城市公园是主要的室外公共空间,其大气颗粒物污染的时空分布与居民健康密切相关。在秋季晴朗微风天气,在郑州人民公园5类园林空间(露天广场、草坪、半室内空间、林下空间、滨水空间),监测不同空间中颗粒物(PM_1、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))浓度和环境因子(风速、温度、湿度、天空可视因子、叶面积指数),探究城市公园中不同空间颗粒物浓度时空分布差异及与环境因子的关系。结果表明,草坪在8:00—14:00与其他空间PM_1、PM_(2.5)浓度有显著差异(P0.05);不同空间颗粒物浓度日均变化趋势相同,部分时段间存在显著差异(P 0.05),峰谷均在14:00—16:00,因而在颗粒物浓度较低的14:00—16:00更合适户外活动;相同空间3种颗粒物浓度均与空气温度显著负相关,与相对湿度显著正相关;空间内下垫面类型、人群的活动方式、周边植物群落结构等对颗粒物浓度均有影响。研究结果为公共健康视角下公园规划设计及居民对公园的使用提供依据和建议。     

Understanding Urban Spatial Structure of Shanghai Central City Based on Mobile Phone Data

Taking Shanghai Central City as its case study, this paper presents an approach to exploring the urban spatial structure through mobile phone positioning data. Firstly, based on base station location data and mobile phone signaling data, the paper analyses the number of users connecting to each base station, and further generates the maps of mobile phone user density through kernel density analysis. We move on to calculate the multi-day average user density based on a time frame of 10:00 and 23:00 at workdays and 15:00 and 23:00 at weekends for Shanghai Central City. Then, through spatial aggregation and density classifi cation on the density maps of 10:00 at workdays and 15:00 at weekends, we identify the ranks and functions of public centers within Shanghai Central City. Lastly, we identify residential areas, business off ice areas, and leisure areas in Shanghai Central City and measure the degree of functional mix by comparing the ratio of day and night user density as well as the user density at nighttime of workdays and weekends.     

2005年上海市中心区高架道路运行状况评价

分析了2005年上海市内环以内高架路网的交通数据,从服务水平、主线流量、平均运行车速和流量、拥挤的空间分布等方面对上海市内环以内高架路网的运行情况进行了初步评价。可看出中心区高架道路在工作日服务水平已处于全面拥挤的临界状态,特别是南北高架,全面拥挤,尤其上午8:00￣10:00和下午2:00￣6:00形成明显的最差时段。从周变分析,周五为拐点,服务水平最差。     

城市森林公园植物群落与空气负离子 空间分布的关系——以武汉马鞍山森林公园 为例

以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例,以植物群落的生物特征和地理特征为变量、空气负离子浓度(NAI)为观测指标,对春季马鞍山森林公园植物群落与空气负离子空间分布的关系进行分析。研究表明:1)马鞍山森林公园空气负离子浓度与植物群落生物特征变量(平均树高、冠层高度)和地理特征变量(坡度)呈显著性正相关(P0.05),其中冠层高度对空气负离子浓度回归模型相关性显著(P0.05)。2)马鞍山森林公园空气负离子高浓度区域主要分布于森林公园北部沿湖区域和南部山体区域,植物群落构成分别为马尾松群落、枫香群落、川桂群落、板栗+檵木群落、香樟+杜英群落、枫香+马尾松群落、马尾松+冬青群落;空气负离子低浓度区域主要分布于公园中部和入口平地区域,植物群落构成分别为槲栎+山胡椒群落、板栗+冬青群落、化香群落、檵木群落;44个植物群落空气清洁度(CI)变化区间为0.13～0.89,CI空间分布与空气负离子浓度分布趋势相似,其中位于马鞍山山脊的马尾松群落和赵家山山脊的马尾松+枫香群落空气清洁度CI达到清洁(B)级别。3)马鞍山森林公园空气负离子浓度最高值出现在8:00—10:00,最低出现在16:00—18:00;CI最高值出现在12:00—14:00,CI值为0.45,接近中等清洁级别;8:00—10:00和16:00—18:00时段CI相差不大,CI值为0.33～0.34,为允许级别。研究结论将为量化评价城市森林公园的微气候环境效应及功能性空间规划设计提供理论基础。     

分布式风光电联合供热系统运行策略优化计算

提出电驱动空气源热泵(两级压缩式)、太阳能集热器、风力机制热器、蓄热装置联合运行的分布式联合供热系统。建立多目标优化数学模型,以计算时间内运行成本最小与二氧化碳排放量最小共同作为优化目标,针对北方某供暖建筑,利用NSGA2算法进行多目标规划问题处理。在得到两优化目标折衷解的基础上,获得计算日各装置制热量、蓄(放)热量,确定最佳运行策略:热负荷低谷期(9:00—16:00)是阳光充足时段,太阳能集热器与风力机制热器的制热量超出热负荷,蓄热装置储存富余热量。热负荷高峰时段(0:00—9:00、16:00—24:00),由于太阳辐照度比较小甚至为0,不启用太阳能集热器,风力机制热器制热量波动比较大,需要由空气源热泵作为主要供热设备,必要时蓄热装置放热。     

复合式空气源热泵在学校中应用的设计分析

在对学校建筑负荷特点及使用情况进行分析的基础上,提出以常规热源作为调峰热源的双泵双通道复合式空气源热泵系统。先根据建筑使用特点,将运行工况分为日间(6:00^-21:00)和夜间(21:00~6:00)两种工况,然后用综合费用最优法确定日间运行时段的最佳调峰比例,以确定复合系统的最优设计方案。最后将常规系统和带有调峰热源的双泵双通道复合式空气源热泵系统各项费用进行对比分析。     

The New School Term

<正>I’m Li Jiaying,I’m in Grade Three this year.My life has changed a lot in the past few years.I used to get up at 7:00 in the morning.But now I get up at 6:00 and read English for half an hour every morning.I used to watch TV and go to bed at 9:30 in the evening.But now I keep doing my homework until 11:00 and then go to bed.I used to play basketball or tennis in my free