山杏种皮提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究山杏种皮提取物总多酚含量及其体外抗氧化活性。方法:选用体积分数80%的乙醇为溶剂,采用超声辅助法制备山杏种皮提取物。采用Folin-酚试剂法测定山杏种皮提取物的总多酚含量。采用FRAP法测定山杏种皮提取物的总抗氧化能力。以2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)为对照样品,分别测定山杏种皮提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·軈)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力、对β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系的抑制能力及其还原力。结果:山杏种皮提取物中总多酚含量为(186.7±15.6)mg/g,其FRAP值为(3.715±0.012)mmol/g;对DPPH·、O2·軈、·OH具有清除作用,清除率分别为80%、97%、98%;对β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系具有明显的抑制作用。结论:山杏种皮提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

赤小豆不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

以赤小豆为原料,对赤小豆的乙醇、乙酸乙酯、蒸馏水提取物抗氧化活性进行研究。通过五种广泛使用的抗氧化模型(DPPH·、ABTS·+、·OH、FRAP和β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系),以BHT为阳性对照,对不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总黄酮含量的关系。结果表明,各种不同的赤小豆提取物均有一定的抗氧化能力,其大小顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物乙醇提取物蒸馏水提取物。乙酸乙酯提取物中黄酮含量最高,为6.3 mg/g。相关性分析表明,各提取物中黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性呈正相关关系,DPPH·、·OH、β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸、ABTS·+及FRAP体系中的总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性的相关系数分别为:0.745、0.786、0.904、0.955和0.953,说明提取物在ABTS、FRAP及β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系中的抗氧化能力与总黄酮含量相关性要大于提取物在DPPH·和·OH模型中的抗氧化能力与黄酮含量的相关性。     

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=4762.99μmol/g)均强于阳性对照BHT(DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g),正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1587.42μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。     

高粱籽粒乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

研究高粱籽粒乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化及抑菌活性。结果表明,该提取物中总酚、黄酮、缩合单宁含量分别为46.8、17.5、148.1 mg/g;其乙醇提取物具有较好的清除DPPH?、ABTS?自由基能力和铁还原能力,并在一定范围内与抗氧化活性呈量效关系;高粱乙醇提取物对革兰氏阴性细菌的抑制作用强于革兰氏阳性细菌,其中对痢疾志贺氏菌抑制作用最强,MIC、MBC值均为16 μg/mL,其次为绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色葡萄球菌。     

蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

研究蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量以及抗氧化活性.分别用水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等不同极性溶剂提取蓝莓叶中的活性物质,采用Folin-Cioeaile法、三氯化铝显色法分别测定不同提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量;应用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除体系及β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系评价其抗氧化活性,考察活性物质含量与抗氧化活性的关系.结果表明,蓝莓叶提取物的抗氧化活性随提取溶剂极性的减小而减小.水提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的EC50分别为(12.78±0.10)、(6.35±0.03) μg/mL,抑制β-胡萝卜素淬灭IC50值为(25.33±0.02) μg/mL.含量测定显示水提物中总酚含量最高,为(264.67±0.29)mg/g,而甲醇提取物中黄酮含量最高,为(68.94±0.08)mg/g,相关性分析表明,不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚和黄酮含量与抗氧化能力具有相关性,提示水可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化活性物质提取的优选溶剂,而总酚和黄酮含量可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化提取物的质量评价指标.     

木瓜抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法三种测定法对木瓜叶和木瓜果实体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明:木瓜6个提取物中,木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+(IC50=6.66μg/mL,TEAC=1293.25μmol/g)最强,其中,清除ABTS自由基活性和阳性对照BHT(IC50=6.56μg/mL)相当,还原Fe3+能力低于BHT(TEAC=2503.17μmol/g);木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=48.99μg/mL)能力最强,弱于阳性对照BHT(IC50=24.49μg/mL)。木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关,木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力可能也与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关。     

火棘果不同极性部位提取物体外抗氧化研究

目的:系统地评价火棘果粗分体系抗氧化活性,同时探究抗氧化能力与总多酚含量之间的关系。方法:用75%乙醇冷浸提取火棘果,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水分为四个不同极性部位,然后测定了各部位萃取物对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基的清除能力,并且测定了总还原力、FRAP值和总多酚含量,同时考察总酚含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果:火棘果提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,其中水、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位提取物表现出较好的抗氧化活性,石油醚部位的抗氧化活性最弱;各部位提取物的抗氧化活性与总多酚含量呈现较好的相关关系。其中,水部位提取物对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率最高,IC50值分别为(0.76±0.03)mg/m L和(1.71±0.10)mg/m L;乙酸乙酯部位FRAP值最大,为(382.20±4.72)μmol Fe2+/g干样;正丁醇部位总酚含量最高,为(2763±3.91)mg GAE/100g干样。     

小叶丁香皮不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性

目的:研究小叶丁香皮中不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。方法:采用ABTS+.、DPPH自由基及还原性反应体系,利用分光光度法测定小叶丁香皮的总提液、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和石油醚层在不同质量浓度下的抗氧化能力及总酚含量。结果:小叶丁香皮的不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基均具有较强的清除能力及还原能力,其清除率与质量浓度呈良好的量效关系。其中正丁醇层抗氧化能力最强,在质量浓度0.62mg/mL时,对ABTS+.的最大清除率为96.28%,对DPPH自由基的最大清除率为96.16%,与同质量浓度VC的清除率接近,且其IC50分别为0.074、0.012mg/mL;测得的正丁醇层总酚含量最高,为120.1μg/20mg。结论:小叶丁香具有较好的抗氧化能力,其正丁醇层抗氧化能力显著,这与总酚含量有较大的相关性。     

薄荷不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的研究

采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、Fe+还原法(FRAP)三种抗氧化模型对薄荷的水、甲醇、70％乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯五种提取物进行抗氧化活性评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系.结果表明,薄荷不同提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚含量呈极显著相关,与黄酮含量相关性较小.其中,水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(0.53±0.04) mg/mL;甲醇提取物对ABTS自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(1.57±0.03) mg/mL;乙酸乙酯提取物的FRAP值最高为(4.73±0.03) mmol/g;水提物中总酚含量最高为(58.81±3.10) mg/g,甲醇提取物中总黄酮含量较高为(162.95±1.91) mg/g.     

元宝枫翅果3种活性成分及抗氧化能力研究

对元宝枫翅果的果翅、种皮、仁粕中的总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮3种活性成分含量进行测定,并应用FRAP法、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS+·清除能力等方法对翅果提取物的体外抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明,种皮中3种活性成分含量最高,其总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮含量分别为342. 83 mgGAE/g、847. 45 mgCE/g、57. 66 mgRT/g,仁粕中含量最低;翅果不同部位提取物的FRAP抗氧化能力、对DPPH自由基和ABTS+·的清除能力均存在显著性差异,提取物的体外抗氧化能力依次表现为:种皮果翅仁粕;相关性分析发现,翅果不同部位提取物中总酚和缩合单宁含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。     

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of cocoa beans

This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of cocoa beans from different countries, namely Malaysia, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Sulawesi. The antioxidant capacity of water and ethanolic extracts prepared from cocoa beans was measured by three different assays. To estimate the total phenolic content, the assay using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used. The water extract showed the higher value of antioxidant activity based on β-carotene bleaching assay, while the ethanolic extract showed the highest scavenging and ferric reducing activities. Ghanaian cocoa beans showed the highest antioxidant and scavenging activities, followed by Ivory Coast, Malaysian and Sulawesian. However, Malaysian and Sulawesian beans exhibited the highest ferric reducing activity, compared to the other beans. The highest phenolic content was found in Malaysian beans, followed by Sulawesian, Ghanaian and Ivory Coast. A positive correlation existed for both ethanolic (r = 0.76) and water extracts (r = 0.78) between phenolic content and ferric reducing activity. Our results showed that antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of Malaysian cocoa beans were comparable to Ghanaian, Ivory Coast, and Sulawesian beans.     

Contents of phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activities in skin, pulp, and seeds of miracle fruit

Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulificum) has been studied because of its unique taste modifying properties. This study investigated contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in skin, pulp, and seeds of Miracle Fruit. The free phenolic content in skin was almost 3 times of that in pulp and 4 times of that in seeds. Skin contributed 43.96% of free phenolic compounds with 15.91% of freeze-dried solids due to its high phenolic content. As the trend observed for phenolic content, the free flavonoid content in the skin was tremendously higher than that in the seed and pulp. The skin contributed about 52% of total flavonoid with 15.91% of dried solids. On other hand, the differences in the bound phenolic contents were not so distinct among the 3 components. The free antioxidant activities in skin and pulp were comparable, and were significantly higher than that in seeds. Although the antioxidant activities in seeds was considerably lower than that in skin, 49.45% free antioxidant activity, 76.41% bound antioxidant activity, and 58.56% of total antioxidant activity were contributed by seeds due to about 66% of solid of total solids. In general, the results of antioxidant activities using sequential methods were higher than that using direct method. This study suggests that Miracle Fruit is a good source not only for flavor and color, and also antioxidant activity for functional food applications.     

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Germinated and Cooked Pulses

Five commonly consumed pulses, Mah (Vigna mungo), Green mung (Vigna radiata), Arhar (Cajanas cajan), Masur (Lens esculantus), and Moth (Vigna aconitifolia), were studied for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity after germination (12 and 24 h) and pressure cooking. Arhar had the highest total phenolic content (6.71 mg ferulic acid/g flour) whereas Moth had the least (1.54 mg/g). All pulses, except Moth, showed a significant decrease in total phenolic content after germination. The antioxidant activity of the pulses varied from 10.61 to 36.38% (DPPH radical scavenging activity), which significantly decreased with germination in all pulses except Moth. The total phenolic content highly correlated with the antioxidant activity in the pulses. Cooking lowered the total phenolic content by 10–45% and antioxidant activity by 27–68% in the control and germinated pulses.     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

Optimisation,characterisation and quantification of phenolic compounds in olive cake

The phenolic compounds in extracts from pressed olive cake were investigated. Free phenolic compounds were extracted from olive cake using methanol. To liberate bound phenolic compounds, the olive cake was subjected to basic and acidic hydrolysis followed by methanol extraction. The individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were obtained using methanol extraction for 12 h at 70 °C. The RP-HPLC profiles for full-fat and defatted olive cake showed that protocatechuic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin and hesperidin were the predominant free phenolic compounds. Meanwhile, syringic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid were the predominant bound phenolic acids. A positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that most of the phenolic compounds in olive products were present in their free forms (75–90% of total phenolic content), while bound phenolic compounds were only a small proportion (10–25%) of total phenolic content.     

Phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of Polish honeys

The phenolic components of honeys have great participation in their nutritional value and antioxidant activity. Moreover, phenolic components are promising markers for the determination of botanical and geographical origin of honey. The purpose of the present work was to study the antioxidant activity and profiles of phenolic acids and flavonoids of honeys of various origins. The total phenolic content of honeys varied from 4.46 to 15.04 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of product and the total phenolic acid content determined chromatographically varied from 201.05 to 2089.08 μg per 100 g of product. Buckwheat honey exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and contained the highest total phenolic amount, whereas rape honey exhibited the lowest values in this respect. Moreover, the buckwheat honey contained the highest amount of phenolic acids. There were significant linear correlations between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of honey extracts in the reaction with DPPH^? (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS^{? +} (2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) free radicals. In most samples, p‐coumaric acid was the dominant phenolic acid (39.1–677.2 μg per 100 g). The honeys also contained considerable amount of gallic acid (6.0–913.8 μg per 100 g). Among flavonoids naringenin was predominant in the most studied honey samples.     

薏米中多酚化合物的分离纯化及抗氧化活性分析

利用葡聚糖凝胶将薏米中两类多酚类物质进行分离纯化,从而得到6个不同的组分。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定该6个组分总酚含量,采用氧自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)、过氧化氢自由基清除能力(peroxyl radical scavenging capacity,PSC)和细胞内抗氧化能力(cellular antioxidant activity assay,CAA)分析法测定所得6个组分抗氧化能力。在所得的6个组分中选择抗氧化活性最强的3个组分进行半制备,可制得4种薏米多酚纯化物,并测定其4种纯化物的抗氧化活性。结果发现,所分离的6个组分中,薏米中的多酚主要存在于组分2、组分3及组分5中,其总酚含量分别为(30.56±2.25)、(17.40±2.76)、(25.18±1.10)mg GAE/100 g薏米粉末,结合型酚类化合物占薏米总酚含量1/3以上。组分2、组分3及组分5薏米多酚的抗氧化能力较强。经过半制备液相得到的4种多酚纯化物质分别为N_1,N_5-双(对香豆酰)亚精胺、对香豆酸、阿魏酸及芦丁,其中N_1,N_5-双(对香豆酰)亚精胺为游离型多酚的主要物质,而阿魏酸为结合型多酚的主要物质,但在游离型多酚中也有少许存在。4种酚类化合物均具有强抗氧化活性,是薏米中多酚类物质发挥抗氧化作用的主要活性成分。     

Assessment of endogenous antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activities of lager beers

BACKGROUND: Flavour stability is increasingly becoming the limiting factor in the shelf life of beer. Increasing the antioxidant activity of beer itself could suppress the rate of oxidative reaction and improve the flavour stability of beer. This report describes the levels of phenolic compounds, melanoidins and sulfur dioxide, and antioxidant activities of 40 lager beers. The relationships between antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activity were elucidated by multivariate analysis techniques. RESULTS: The results showed that the total phenolic content and the melanoidins content correlated well (P < 0.05) with antioxidant activity, while there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between total sulfur dioxide content and antioxidant activity. Satisfactory discrimination among beer samples with significantly different antioxidant activity was achieved by principal component analysis. Results from stepwise linear regression further demonstrated that different antioxidative components responsible for antioxidant activity were dependent on the assay used. The phenolic compound group is by far the most antioxidative compounds in beer and total phenolic content, melanoidins and sulfur dioxide together made a 22–68% contribution to the antioxidant activities of beers. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it might be an efficient means for brewers to increase total phenolic content during brewing for improvement in flavour stability of the final beer. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

提取溶剂对青稞提取物总酚、黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

以3种不同的青稞为原料,采用不同的提取溶剂(水、60%乙醇、60%甲醇、60%丙酮、95%乙醇、100%甲醇、100%丙酮)对青稞进行提取。对各提取物的总酚、总黄酮进行测定,同时采用3种抗氧化方法:二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)、2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基(ABTS)和总抗氧化能力(FARP)评价青稞提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,95%乙醇和60%丙酮更有利于青稞多酚的提取。藏青2000的各溶剂提取物的总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化活性普遍高于相应溶剂的循化蓝青稞和香格里拉绿青稞。藏青2000的60%丙酮提取物含有最高的总酚含量,达到211.92mg GAE/100g DW;在60%乙醇提取时具有最高的总黄酮含量,达到60.11mg RT/100g DW;在60%乙醇提取时具有最强的DPPH清除能力,达到80.08%;而用60%丙酮提取时,具有最强的ABTS清除能力和总抗氧化能力,分别达到了1.85,9.28 mmol TEAC/100g DW。总酚含量与抗氧化活性均具有显著的相关性,FRAP法与DPPH、ABTS法具有极显著的相关性。综上表明,青稞富含总酚成分,是一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源。     

Carotenoid Profile,Total Phenolic Content,and Antioxidant Activity of Carrots

Carotenoid profile, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of carrot cultivars from three different locations in Turkey were determined during two consecutive years. The major carotenoids determined in carrots were β-carotene (41.60–71.2 mg/kg FW) and α-carotene (13.44–30.11 mg/kg FW). The total phenolic contents of carrots ranged from 114–306 mg catechin/kg FW. The antioxidant activity in carrots determined by the TEAC assay varied between 25.9 and 86.6 μmol TE/100 g FW. There was considerable variation in carotenoid contents between locations and years among cultivars. Significant differences were found between the two consecutive years in total phenolic contents except for only one cultivar. The level of antioxidant activity in carrots varied significantly over the years.