鲜切荸荠的护色工艺研究

以新鲜荸荠为原料,结合单因素实验和正交实验,根据褐变度研究酸液烫漂和护色剂浸泡对荸荠护色效果的影响,筛选出鲜切荸荠的最佳护色组合。结果表明,酸液漂烫和护色剂浸泡对鲜切荸荠都具有较好的护色效果。鲜切荸荠的最佳漂烫工艺条件为70℃下0.3%柠檬酸溶液中漂烫90 s;最佳护色工艺条件是将漂烫过的荸荠浸入1.0%氯化钙溶液+0.15%亚硫酸氢钠溶液+0.3%植酸溶液中浸泡20 min。     

脱水甘蓝生产工艺研究

以甘蓝为原料,从漂烫、高复水性等环节出发,对脱水甘蓝的生产工艺进行了初步探讨。实验结果表明,在1%食盐溶液、98℃漂烫1.5min护色,VC保存率较高;在4%的食盐,20%的葡萄糖溶液中浸泡1h复水性最佳;以热风在80℃干燥4h的产品质量为最好。     

鸭儿芹护色工艺条件优化

以新鲜鸭儿芹为原料,利用碱液漂烫和护色剂对鸭儿芹进行护色,根据色泽和质地的感官评分,研究漂烫条件、护色剂种类和护色条件对鸭儿芹护色效果和质地的影响。研究结果表明,碱液漂烫和护色剂处理对鸭儿芹都有较好的护色效果。不同种类不同浓度的护色剂中,0.06%醋酸锌和0.3%植酸护色效果最为显著。鸭儿芹最佳漂烫工艺条件为90℃下1.0%Na2CO3溶液中下漂烫1min;最佳护色工艺条件为pH5的0.3%植酸+0.07%Zn(COOH)2溶液中浸泡20min。在此条件下漂烫和护色,鸭儿芹的色泽和质地最好。     

常温贮藏时脱水莴苣片的护色

针对脱水莴苣片在贮存过程中的叶绿素脱色问题进行研究,寻找有效的护色工艺。通过真空微波烫漂防止酶促褐变,然后先采用EDTA-Na络合莴苣组织内的阳离子,再用MgAC2、ZnAC2溶液进行金属离子置换,最后通过多因素正交实验,确定乳糖2 g/dL+蔗糖2.5 g/dL为糖护色液,烫漂3 min,pH 7.5～8.5,可以防止非酶促褐变;干燥工艺为78℃干燥2.5 h之后65℃干燥3.5 h,选择真空包装,避光贮存。     

软包装芦笋的护绿方法研究

介绍了烫漂温度及其时间、护绿剂种类及其浓度等对绿芦笋护色效果的影响。结果表明,在95℃条件下烫漂2.0min,之后用200mg/kg的醋酸锌溶液浸泡4.0h,护色效果最好,且能较好地保持芦笋原有质地。     

脱水芹菜干前预处理工艺的实验研究

为了提高脱水芹菜的感官品质与复水比,对烫漂液的组成与芹菜脱水干燥前的浸泡工艺进行了研究。正交实验显示,芹菜在1%Na2CO3+500mg/LZn(CHCOO)2混合护色溶液中于95～100℃烫漂1min,然后在8%NaCl+8%β-CD+0.15%CaCl2混合液中浸泡处理16min。预处理后的芹菜经过热风干燥具有较好的感官品质与复水特性。     

篌竹笋真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

采用正交试验、均匀设计试验和对比试验,对篌竹笋护色、预处理、真空冷冻干燥条件和不同干燥方法的干燥效果等进行探讨。采用0.2%抗坏血酸、0.1%柠檬酸和0.5%氯化钠溶液烫漂篌竹笋4min,进行护色处理,然后在43℃、2%蔗糖和8%麦芽糊精混合溶液中浸泡26min,进行预处理,可以明显提高篌竹笋冻干产品的复水比和感官品质。预处理篌竹笋的共晶点为-25℃,真空冷冻干燥条件为：物料预冻温度-35℃,预冻时间3h-4h,冷阱温度-55℃左右,干燥室真空度7Pa-9Pa,解吸阶段搁板加热温度40℃,物料冻干所需时间12h。真空冷冻干燥所得产品的质量明显优于热风干燥和真空干燥。     

提高冻干香葱品质的工艺研究

为保持真空冷冻干燥香葱的鲜绿、天然的葱香味及品质,采用漂烫和护色剂对香葱进行浸泡护色处理,固相微萃取气质联用(SPME-GC-MS)测定香葱的挥发性成分,并确定真空冷冻干燥香葱气味最浓郁时的干燥时间、温度和真空度。实验表明:SPME-GC-MS分析确定以硫代亚磺酸酯的含量来衡量干燥后香葱气味的浓郁程度。干燥香葱颜色最鲜亮时的条件为:100℃水中烫漂30s,0.3%碳酸钠碱液中浸泡10min,0.03%氯化锌和0.2%氯化钙护绿液中护色30min。满足香葱香味最浓郁及水分要求的条件为:0℃下升华干燥6h,25℃下解析干燥2h,真空度60Pa。     

超声波法加工低糖保健型宣木瓜果脯工艺的研究

以宣木瓜鲜果为原料,益寿糖替代传统的蔗糖,并利用超声波渍糖技术,加工低糖保健型宣木瓜果脯。实验采用对比法研究了鲜果片的漂烫工艺,并对护色、去涩、硬化以及超声波渗糖等关键加工工艺进行了优化。结果表明,鲜果片100℃烫漂处理4min后立即冷却,用2.5%NaCl、0.5%柠檬酸、4%δ-葡萄糖酸内酯配制的混合溶液常温浸泡12h进行护色、去涩、硬化处理,采用水料比为4:1的清水浸泡果片脱盐120min,再在300W的超声波45℃条件下,45%益寿糖液渗糖5h,所得果脯感官评价最好。     

芒果真空冷冻干燥工艺的研究

以百色象牙芒为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥的方法,对芒果干燥过程的漂烫工艺、护色工艺以及真空冷冻干燥的参数控制等问题进行研究。结果显示:沸水烫的温度为95℃,漂烫时间为45s时,漂烫效果最好;0.30mol/L×10-3苹果酸和0.20mol/L×10-3抗坏血酸的复合液,护色时间10min,复合液pH3.5,此时的护色效果最佳;干燥过程分为升华干燥阶段和解析干燥阶段,升华干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa,加热板温度为35℃;解析干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa、加热板温度为55℃,此时干燥的产品品质最优。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the