猕猴桃提取物促进小鼠离体肠段运动的初探

重点观察猕猴桃不同提取成分对成年雄性小鼠离体小肠的作用。结果发现,猕猴桃提取液中主要含有糖分、有机酸和VC,而猕猴桃提取物中主要含有膳食纤维;正常成年雄性小鼠离体小肠的平均收缩频率和收缩力分别是62.0±1.00次/min和3.5±0.01g,同等实验条件下,用猕猴桃提取液原液灌肠可明显提高小肠收缩频率和收缩力(p<0.001),与阳性参照物(乙酰胆碱)促进肠道运动的作用和效果十分近似。当猕猴桃液浓缩2倍和5倍时,其作用于小肠的效果,尤其是收缩频率更较乙酰胆碱显著增加(p<0.05);猕猴桃提取物对小鼠离体肠段的收缩频率和肠肌收缩力影响不如提取液。本研究提示,猕猴桃提取液随着其有机酸和总糖浓度的升高,肠肌收缩频率和肠肌收缩力升高。      

补益中药对小鼠生理功能和兔离体肠段运动的影响

采用黄芪、党参、当归、女真子、神曲、苍术、补骨脂、益母草 8味中药 ,以灌胃法研究它们对小鼠肝脏、脾脏和睾丸质量及血液生理指标的影响和对兔离体肠段运动的影响 .结果表明 :这些中药能提高小鼠肝脏、脾脏和睾丸的相对质量 ,提高白细胞、淋巴细胞和血糖的水平 ,抑制兔离体肠段的运动 ;这些中药通过提高动物的抗病能力、繁殖能力和食物的消化力而提高动物的生产性能     

山莓叶抑制兔离体肠运动活性物质的提取及活性稳定性研究

本研究以山莓叶为原料,以兔离体肠运动为模型,80%乙醇提取后采用4种不同极性溶剂进行提取,筛选具有抗腹泻的活性组分,并考察温度、pH、光质、光照时间和脱鞣质处理对粗提物抑制兔离体肠运动活性的影响。结果表明:山莓叶抑制兔离体肠运动的活性物质主要在乙酸乙酯层,其它层提取物的活性大小依次为:石油醚层水层正丁醇层氯仿层;山莓叶醇提物在30℃~60℃范围内抑制兔离体肠运动活性稳定,高温(90℃和120℃)条件下离体肠的张力增量变化率较30℃处理分别下降了15.43%和32.45%;pH对抑制肠运动活性影响较大,酸性条件下活性最高,其次是中性,碱性条件下抑制其活性,pH 12处理后张力增量变化率仅为11.90%;不同光质和不同光照时间处理后仍具有极显著抑制兔离体肠运动的作用(P0.01);脱鞣质处理会使山莓叶醇提物抑制肠运动活性减弱,说明鞣质可能是山莓叶抗腹泻活性成分之一。     

美味猕猴桃根正丁醇提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为研究美味猕猴桃根正丁醇提取物（BEAD）对四氯化碳（CCl4）、D-半乳糖胺致肝损伤小鼠血浆转氨酶活性的影响。采用CCl4、D-半乳糖胺灌胃建立小鼠实验性肝损伤模型，以不同剂量BEAD和阳性对照药联苯双酯灌胃治疗，测定小鼠血浆中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性。结果表明不同剂量BEAD对CCl4、D-半乳糖胺造成的小鼠急性肝损伤ALT、AST活性升高具有降低作用，BEAD中、高剂量能显著降低ALT、AST的含量，与模型对照组相比，P〈0．01。说明BEAD中高剂量对小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

利用兔离体肠模型研究山莓叶的抗腹泻作用机理

以山莓叶醇提物(RE)和对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(EC,活性跟踪分离到的山莓叶中活性较强的物质)为材料,以兔离体肠运动为模型,研究了RE和EC抑制肠管运动的剂量效应,同时考察了RE和EC分别与抗腹泻相关的4个关键通道的4种致痉剂(乙酰胆碱、酚妥拉明、组胺和氯化钡)对肠管运动的影响。结果表明:RE浓度为1~10 mg/m L范围内,肠管的张力增量变化率(TVP)均为30%以上,且RE浓度为4 mg/m L时,TVP达到45.37%;浓度10~800μg/m L范围内,EC对肠管运动的抑制作用均极显著高于阿托品(P0.01),且EC浓度为400μg/m L时,TVP达到最大(70.45%);RE主要通过作用于乙酰胆碱通道胆碱能M受体和组胺通道来抑制肠管运动;EC主要通过作用于肾上腺素α受体、组胺通道和钙离子通道来抑制肠管运动。因此,RE和EC是抗腹泻的高效的多靶点药物,且RE中的EC的抗腹泻效果极显著优于阿托品。     

添加芦荟提取物对猕猴桃果汁抗氧化性的影响

在猕猴桃果汁中添加天然芦荟提取物,考查了紫外光、温度、CuCl2 和空气等因素对猕猴桃果汁过氧化值的影响.实验结果表明,紫外光室温照射7h时,添加芦荟提取物的猕猴桃果汁,其过氧化值比不加低11.12%;在100℃温度下加热7h时,添加芦荟提取物的猕猴桃果汁的过氧化值比不加低7.24%;分别用0.1mol/L CuCl2溶液和空气氧化7h时,添加芦荟提取物的猕猴桃果汁,其过氧化值比不加分别低23.01%和7.74%.添加20ml芦荟提取物后,果汁的羟基自由基清除能力是不加的6.19倍.     

猕猴桃根提取物体外抗氧化作用的研究

探讨猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用.采用DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、过氧化氢和还原力的反应体系,测定猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并用VC进行对照实验.实验条件下,ERHM对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子(·O2-)、羟基自由基(·OH)、过氧化氢H2O2等均有较强的清除或抑制作用,且显示较好的量效关系,同时具有一定的还原力.其消除DPPH自由基的EC50为8.03 μg/mL,清除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的EC5o为1.28 mg/mL,抑制羟基自由基(·OH)能力可达69.4％,浓度为100 μg/mL时对过氧化氢(H2O2)的清除率为42％.猕猴桃根提取物具有较强的还原力,能有效清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基,并抑制羟基自由基的产生.所以,ERHM有效成分具有较为显著的抗氧化作用.     

猕猴桃果醋运动保健饮料的研制

以猕猴桃果汁为原料,采用液态发酵法制取猕猴桃果醋,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨猕猴桃果醋运动保健饮料生产工艺条件。结果表明,猕猴桃果醋酒精发酵工艺条件为：酵母菌接种量4％,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7d,猕猴桃果汁糖度16％;猕猴桃醋酸发酵优化工艺条件为：醋酸菌扩大培养液加入量8％,发酵温度32℃,发酵时问11d。所酿制猕猴桃果醋具有猕猴桃果汁的天然色泽,无沉淀物、酸味柔和且有醋香味;运动员饮用效果显示,调配的猕猴桃果醋运动保健饮料,具有抗训练疲劳等功效。     

刺五加籽乙醇提取物对小鼠抗运动疲劳作用的影响

研究刺五加籽乙醇提取物对小鼠抗疲劳作用的影响。将40只小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。小鼠每天灌胃1次低、中、高剂量的刺五加籽乙醇提取物,每天2次游泳运动训练,为期7周后,测定小鼠的体重,肌糖原、肝糖原、血乳酸(LAC)、血尿素氮(BUN)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力。结果表明:与对照组相比,刺五加籽乙醇提取物对小鼠体重无影响,可增加小鼠游泳的力竭时间,增加体内肝糖原与肌糖原的水平,减少血乳酸(LAC)的影响,增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活力,降低血尿素氮(BUN)的含量,并且刺五加籽乙醇提取物剂量越高,效果越明显。说明刺五加籽乙醇提取物对机体抗疲劳作用有良好的功效。     

猕猴桃根石油醚提取物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及GC-MS成分分析

采用酶活性测定法及气相色谱-质谱法对猕猴桃根石油醚提取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用及组成成分进行研究。酶活性结果表明,提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶在最大考察浓度的抑制率可达(89.38±1.27)%,优于同浓度下的阿卡波糖。气相色谱-质谱法分析结果表明,从提取物的甲酯化和非甲酯化样品中共检测鉴定出49种成分,甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了20种,非甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了29种,其中亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯的相对含量总和占流出峰总面积的61.484%。猕猴桃根石油醚提取物含有的亚油酸、亚油酸甲酯、亚油酸乙酯可能是猕猴桃根石油醚提取物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要物质。     

六堡茶提取物对高脂小鼠肠道菌群的影响研究

将六堡茶提取物与高脂小鼠粪便进行体外发酵培养,比较正常对照组和体外发酵组的菌群变化情况,探讨六堡茶对高脂小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果显示,随着发酵时间的延长,总厌氧菌的数量与发酵0 h比较呈现显著增长趋势,且在发酵至24 h,总厌氧菌的数量明显超过了正常对照组,而总需氧菌数量在发酵36 h后,才发生显著性变化,较0 h明显降低了8.4%,并显著低于正常对照组水平。其中,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌和肠球菌的数量在发酵36 h后,与正常对照组相比无显著性差异,均趋向于正常对照组水平,而大肠杆菌的数量虽呈降低趋势,但仍高于正常对照组。研究结果表明,六堡茶提取物能够促进高脂小鼠肠道菌群中厌氧菌的生长,并抑制需氧菌的繁殖,调节高脂饮食引起的小鼠肠道菌群紊乱。      

白背三七对小鼠胃肠蠕动功能的影响

目的:观察白背三七对小鼠胃肠蠕动功能的影响。方法:在体观察白背三七对正常小鼠和阿托品致便秘模型小鼠胃排空率和小肠碳末推进率的影响;离体观察白背三七对正常离体小肠和阿托品抑制离体小肠收缩频率和收缩张力的影响。结果:白背三七能提高正常小鼠胃排空率和小肠碳末推进率,与正常对照组比较具有显著性差异(p<0.01或p<0.05);能提高阿托品致便秘小鼠胃排空率和小肠碳末推进率,与阿托品组比较具有显著性差异(p<0.01或p<0.05);能提高正常小鼠离体小肠收缩频率和收缩张力,与正常对照组比较具有显著性差异(p<0.01或p<0.05);能提高阿托品抑制离体小肠收缩频率和收缩张力,与阿托品组比较具有显著性差异(p<0.01或p<0.05)。结论:白背三七能增强小鼠胃肠蠕动功能。      

Different concentrations of grape seed extract affect in vitro starch fermentation by porcine small and large intestinal inocula

BACKGROUND: Grape seed extract (GSE) phenolics have potential health‐promoting properties, either from compounds present within the extract, or metabolites resulting from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fermentation of these compounds. This study describes how GSE affected the kinetics and end‐products of starch fermentation in vitro using pig intestinal and fecal inocula. Six GSE concentrations (0, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 750 µg ml^?1 were fermented in vitro by porcine ileal and fecal microbiota using starch as the energy source. Cumulative gas production, and end‐point short chain fatty acids and ammonia were measured. RESULTS: GSE phenolics altered the pattern (gas kinetics, and end‐products such as SCFA and NH ) of starch fermentation by both inocula, at concentrations above 250 µg ml^?1. Below this level, neither inoculum showed any significant (P > 0.05) effect of the GSE. CONCLUSION: The results show that GSE phenolics at a concentration over 250 µg ml^?1 can have measurable effects on microbial activity in an in vitro fermentation system, as evidenced by the changes in kinetics and end‐products from starch fermentation. This suggests that fermentation patterns could be conceivably shifted in the actual GIT, though further evidence will be required from in vivo studies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

巫山茶多酚提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 初步评价巫山茶多酚提取物的体外抗氧化活性.方法 采用70％乙醇提取巫山茶得到巫山茶粗提物,再依次使用不同极性溶剂萃取巫山茶粗提物,得到石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相4个萃取相,分别测定各萃取相的总酚含量和体外抗氧化活性,选取总酚含量最高且体外抗氧化活性最强的萃取相通过HP-20大孔树脂进行富集,测定富集后的...     

大蒜提取物对四氯化碳诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

该实验研究了大蒜提取物对四氯化碳诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。将76只6周龄ICR小鼠随机分为6组：空白对照组,模型组,大蒜提取物低、中、高剂量组,水飞蓟宾阳性对照组。连续给药14 d,末次给药后,使用四氯化碳对模型组及各给药组建模。对小鼠血清及肝脏中的总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白ALB）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）七个指标进行测定。结果表明,大蒜提取物可以抑制四氯化碳导致的小鼠血清及肝脏中AST、ALT、LDH活力升高,并提高TP、ALB、GSH含量及CHE活力,说明大蒜提取物对四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤具有保护作用。     

迷迭香提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探究不同剂量迷迭香提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠血清和心脏氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:采用D-半乳糖颈背部皮下注射法制备衰老小鼠模型,同时按规定需求配方拌鼠粮,向其中添加不同剂量迷迭香提取物（100、300、600mg/kg体重）药物给予治疗。实验六周后,将动物处死,获取小鼠血清和心脏组织匀浆,用紫外分光光度计分别对SOD、GSH-PX、CAT的活力及MDA含量进行检测。结果:不同剂量迷迭香提取物给药组与D-半乳糖模型组相比,各给药组均可显著提高D-半乳糖模型小鼠血清和心脏组织中SOD（p<0.01）、GSH-PX（p<0.05）和CAT（p<0.05或p<0.001）的活力,同时明显降低MDA（p<0.05或p<0.01或p<0.001）含量。结论:迷迭香提取物可通过提高抗氧化酶活性,显著提高亚急性衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力,且以高剂量组效果最好。      

Differences in microbial activity of digesta from three sections of the porcine large intestine according to in vitro fermentation of carbohydrate‐rich substrates

To determine whether faecal microorganisms can represent the entire large intestinal population, samples from caecum, mid‐colon and rectum of three adult pigs were used for the in vitro fermentation of fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS), potato starch, wheat bran and oat hulls. The cumulative gas production technique measured fermentation kinetics and end‐products such as total gas, NH₃ and volatile fatty acids (VFA). There were significant differences in the fermentability of substrates, in terms of both kinetics and end‐products. More relevant to this study, there were also differences between pigs in respect of total gas production, the rate of gas production (R_M) and VFA production. For large intestine sections, there were more VFA from mid‐colon and rectal inocula compared with that from the caecum (p < 0.0001). Total gas, R_M and NH₃ were highest for rectal, intermediate for mid‐colon and lowest for caecal inocula (p < 0.0001). It was concluded that, while faecal sampling might overestimate caecal fermentation, its use is valid for in vitro assessment of large intestinal fermentation. However, differences between pigs indicate that a mix of samples from several animals remains important. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects on enteric methane production and bacterial and archaeal communities by the addition of cashew nut shell extract or glycerol—An in vitro evaluation

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cashew nut shell extract (CNSE) and glycerol (purity >99%) on enteric methane (CH₄) production and microbial communities in an automated gas in vitro system. Microbial communities from the in vitro system were compared with samples from the donor cows, in vivo. Inoculated rumen fluid was mixed with a diet with a 60:40 forage:concentrate ratio and, in total, 5 different treatments were set up: 5 mg of CNSE (CNSE-L), 10 mg of CNSE (CNSE-H), 15 mmol of glycerol/L (glycerol-L), and 30 mmol of glycerol/L (glycerol-H), and a control without feed additive. Gas samples were taken at 2, 4, 8, 24, 32, and 48 h of incubation, and the CH₄ concentration was measured. Samples of rumen fluid were taken for volatile fatty acid analysis and for microbial sequence analyses after 8, 24, and 48 h of incubation. In vivo rumen samples from the cows were taken 2 h after the morning feeding at 3 consecutive days to compare the in vitro system with in vivo conditions. The gas data and data from microbial sequence analysis (454 sequencing) were analyzed using a mixed model and principal components analysis. These analyses illustrated that CH₄ production was reduced with the CNSE treatment, by 8 and 18%, respectively, for the L and H concentration. Glycerol instead increased CH₄ production by 8 and 12%, respectively, for the L and H concentration. The inhibition with CNSE could be due to the observed shift in bacterial population, possibly resulting in decreased production of hydrogen or formate, the methanogenic substrates. Alternatively the response could be explained by a shift in the methanogenic community. In the glycerol treatments, no main differences in bacterial or archaeal population were detected compared with the in vivo control. Thus, the increase in CH₄ production may be explained by the increase in substrate in the in vitro system. The reduced CH₄ production in vitro with CNSE suggests that CNSE can be a promising inhibitor of CH₄ formation in the rumen of dairy cows.