连翘叶不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

比较连翘叶不同提取溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。分别以水、60%乙醇、80%乙醇、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯为溶剂制备连翘叶提取物,测定不同提取物中多糖、总酚和黄酮含量;以BHT为阳性对照,采用DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)、ABTS自由基(ABTS~+·)清除活性和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)法考察各溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性;考察提取物中活性物质含量与其活性的相关性。连翘叶不同溶剂提取物均具有抗氧化活性,均呈一定的量效关系,且不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱顺序随评价方法的不同而不同。连翘叶不同溶剂提取物中总酚含量和黄酮含量均与·OH清除活性和铁离子还原能力具有较高的相关性,黄酮含量还与O_2~-·清除活性具有较高的相关性。连翘叶80%乙醇提取物和60%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性相对较高。     

猴头菇不同活性部位体外抗氧化活性研究

以抗氧化活性为指标,筛选提取溶剂,制备出抗氧化活性较好的猴头菇提取物。以蒸馏水、乙醇、丙酮为溶剂提取猴头菇不同部位的成分,考察各提取部位对·OH、DPPH·、ABTS+自由基的清除能力。结果表明,乙醇提取物对·OH、DPPH·、及ABTS+自由基均有较好的清除作用,当浓度为2.0 mg/mL时清除率分别为65.64%、62.15%和63.84%,可知以50%乙醇为提取溶剂,可制备出具有抗氧化活性最佳的猴头菇提取物。     

金银花不同提取物抗氧化活性的研究

初步研究金银花不同提取物的抗氧化活性。将金银花药材用石油醚脱脂后,分别用无水乙醇、95%乙醇、90%乙醇、80%乙醇、70%乙醇、60%乙醇和50%乙醇提取,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对不同溶剂提取物的绿原酸、总黄酮和总酚含量进行分析,并测试各提取物对羟基自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用以对其抗氧化活性进行比较。结果表明:金银花95%乙醇提取物绿原酸、总黄酮和总酚含量最高,分别为123.99、242.62和48.76 mg/g;95%乙醇提取物清除·OH和DPPH·能力也最强,清除率分别为90.69%和65.64%。可见,金银花清除·OH和DPPH·自由基的能力与绿原酸、黄酮和多酚的含量具有一定的相关性。     

温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性评价

目的:探讨温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外的抗氧化活性。方法:分别用蒸馏水、95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯等不同极性溶剂提取温莪术中活性物质,采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基(.OH)、亚铁离子螯合和还原能力等方法考察温莪术不同提取物的抗氧化活性。同时用Folin-Cioeaile法测定不同提取物中的总酚含量,考察总酚含量与抗氧化清除率的关系。结果:DPPH自由基、.OH清除能力及还原能力结果表明95%乙醇及乙酸乙酯提取物在较低的质量浓度显示了较高的清除率;同时总酚含量测定结果显示95%乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物所含总酚含量较高,这表明这两种溶剂提取物的抗氧化性与其提取物含有较高的酚类密切相关;亚铁离子螯合实验结果显示水提物的螯合效果优于其他溶剂提取物。结论:不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚含量与抗氧化清除率具有相关性。     

南药五味子提取物清除自由基活性的研究

以南药五味子为原料,应用DPPH法、结晶紫法、邻苯三酚自氧化法,分别测定以蒸馏水和70%乙醇为溶剂的五味子提取物清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)的能力,及其对脂质过氧化反应的抑制能力。结果表明,在试验条件下,五味子乙醇提取物对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·、脂质过氧化体系清除活性分别为93.83%,32.26%,18.22%,66.72%;蒸馏水提取物的清除率分别为86.16%,63.17%,13.37%,54.62%。可知,五味子的70%乙醇和水提取物具有较好的清除自由基能力,两者相比较,70%乙醇提取物清除的自由基的能力强于水提取物。     

杭白菊不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本研究采用水、80%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚4种不同极性的溶剂对杭白菊进行提取,以总还原能力、DPPH·、O-2·和·OH清除率为指标,研究了所得4种杭白菊粗提物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:总还原能力由强到弱依次为80%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯提取物水提物石油醚提取物;80%乙醇提取物清除自由基的能力最强,其清除DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的IC50值分别为0.33、0.44、0.34 mg/m L;石油醚提取物清除DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的能力最弱,清除DPPH·和·OH的能力均小于50%,清除O-2·的IC50值为0.85 mg/m L;水提物清除DPPH·、O-2·和·OH的IC50值分别为0.57、0.69、0.56 mg/m L;乙酸乙酯提取物清除·OH的能力小于50%,清除DPPH·、O-2·的IC50值分别为0.56、0.62 mg/m L。因此,不同杭白菊提取物均具有抗氧化作用,且抗氧化能力与其提取溶剂有关。     

黑莓渣提取物中多酚类化合物抗氧化活性的研究

从还原能力、抑制脂质体过氧化能力及清除.OH、O2-和DPPH.三种自由基的能力五个方面评价了黑莓渣中提取出的多酚类化合物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,从黑莓渣中提取出的多酚类化合物有较强的还原能力,能够抑制脂质体过氧化,具有清除.OH、O2-和DPPH自由基的活性。而且从黑莓渣中提取出的多酚类化合物的抗氧化活性与其浓度之间有良好的量效关系。     

金银花不同溶剂提取物多酚含量及抗氧化活性

分别以水、70%甲醇、70%乙醇和70%丙酮为提取剂,超声辅助提取金银花中多酚,采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定提取液中多酚量,并利用清除DPPH·、·OH和ABTS+·法评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,金银花不同溶剂水、70%甲醇、70%乙醇和70%丙酮提取物中多酚含量分别为18.97、46.56、46.63、48.49 mg/g,以水为溶剂与以有机溶液为溶剂,金银花多酚提取量有极显著差异(p<0.01)。不同溶剂金银花多酚均具有一定的清除DPPH·、·OH和ABTS+·能力,即抗氧化活性,但其清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的能力弱于2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT),清除·OH的能力强于BHT。不同溶剂提取的金银花多酚种类不同,对自由基的清除能力不同。     

苹果皮不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

研究苹果皮不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。依次用蒸馏水、60%乙醇、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取苹果皮中的活性物质,用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定提取物中总酚含量,并以Vc为阳性对照,通过测定对羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的清除作用及总还原力,比较评价4种提取物的抗氧化活性。苹果皮60%乙醇提取物总酚含量显著高于其他提取物;在不同的抗氧化体系中,苹果皮的4种不同溶剂提取物均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性且与质量浓度呈明显的量效关系,60%乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性始终最强,其清除.OH和O2-.活性弱于Vc,而清除NO2-活性和还原能力较强且高于Vc。苹果皮抗氧化活性物质主要是60%乙醇提取物。     

马齿苋不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性

研究马齿苋不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化能力。以水、70%甲醇、70%乙醇和70%丙酮为提取溶剂,通过清除DPPH·、ABTS^+、·OH及FRAP法评价马齿苋不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化作用,并测定提取物的总多酚、总黄酮含量。结果表明,马齿苋不同溶剂提取物在4种抗氧化评价体系中均表现出一定的抗氧化活性, 70%丙酮提取物抗氧化活性最强,总多酚含量最高。70%丙酮可作为马齿苋抗氧化活性成分提取的优选溶剂,而总多酚含量可作为马齿苋抗氧化提取物的质量评价指标。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the