有机溶剂热生长技术制备硫族化合物及其光学特性的研究

以有机溶剂热生长技术(solvothermaltechnique)制备了半导体硫族化合物(CdS、ZnS、MoS2)等纳米颗粒,采用XRD、TEM等技术对其结构进行表征.以ITO导电玻璃以及导电聚合物(PANI、PPY)膜为基底,将纳米颗粒涂布其上并以PL法研究其光学特性,实验结果表明:经修饰后,材料的荧光发射位置发生显著的变化.     

导电聚合物在化学修饰电极中的应用

介绍了聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺等导电聚合物在化学修饰电极中的研究与应用情况。导电聚合物的制备条件,包括聚合方法、溶剂性质、支持电解质、温度、掺杂情况等影响聚合物修饰膜的导电性。通过单体的衍生改性、与其它单体共聚、掺杂、或与其它聚合物、纳米粒子等的复合等方法,改进导电聚合物修饰电极的性能,使其具有更好的催化或电学、光学性质。     

聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料是近年来开发的新型聚合物基复合材料,将具有独特结构和优异性能的石墨烯添加到聚合物中,可以显著提高聚合物基体的导电导热能力和力学性能。首先简要介绍石墨烯的结构、性能和制备方法,然后重点综述聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备以及其在导电导热性能和力学性能等方面的最新研究进展。     

自修复纳米复合导电薄膜的快速印刷制备及性能

以可溶解性聚合物为前驱体,实现一种快速印刷制膜工艺的设计.利用含有甲巯基的引发剂在紫外光下引发反应单体原位自由基聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA).将聚合物PMMA置于含有银纳米线的导电墨水中进行可控印刷,可快速批量制备出导电型聚合物纳米复合薄膜.探讨了薄膜内银纳米线对薄膜导电性能、机械性能及光学性能的影响.结果表明...     

氧敏荧光纳米聚合物胶囊在溶解氧传感器中的应用

根据可逆加成断裂链/链转移(RAFT)细乳液聚合法制备包裹有荧光指示剂的纳米聚合物胶囊,并将该纳米聚合物胶囊制备成氧敏荧光膜应用于溶解氧传感器中,结果表明:该溶解氧传感器具有良好的可逆性、重复性,响应时间13.5 s,灵敏度为2.35。其工作曲线呈非线性,相关系数R~2=0.999,符合非均相系统的"two-site"模型。其检测极限为0.21 mg/L(n=10),在0.21~8.96 mg/L范围内可以很好地检测溶解氧含量。     

固态纳米复合聚合物电解质的离子导电性能研究

以PEO为基质,复配少量纳米无机填料及低分子乙氧化物,制备出了新型的固态纳米复合聚合物电解质膜,利用交流阻抗法测试了聚合物电解质的离子电导率,对离子导电性能进行了研究。采用CPE元件的模拟电路具有很好的适用性。结果表明当低分子乙氧化物的加入量超过80％时电解质膜的电导率大幅提高,并且PEGDME优于PEG300。电导率在LiPF6加量在O：Li为8：1时达到最大,随着LiClO4加量的增加持续增加,随无机盐加量增加电解质膜的成膜性能变差。用多微孔高比表面的纳米SiO2粒子复合有利于改善聚合物的电导率。聚合物电解质离子电导率对温度的依赖关系符合Arrhenius方程。     

纳米钡铁氧体制备新进展

阐述了国内外纳米钡铁氧体制备技术的研究进展。纳米钡铁氧体在磁性和吸波性能等方面都展现了优异的特性,具有广阔的应用前景。近年来出现了很多纳米钡铁氧体制备新工艺,溶胶-凝胶法因其在控制产品的成分及均匀性方面具有独特的优越性而成为纳米钡铁氧体粉体和薄膜的主要制备方法,但有些新工艺的机理还需深入研究。分析表明纳米钡铁氧体的制备还需进一步完善,并提出纳米钡铁氧体与导电聚合物的复合、纳米钡铁氧体的掺杂及掺杂后与导电聚合物的复合是纳米钡铁氧体制备的研究方向。     

新型导电填料——纳米石墨微片

经过超声波粉碎,可将膨胀石墨制备成一种新型导电填料——纳米石墨微片。它的厚度为纳米,直径在微米范围,具有很大的形状比。将纳米石墨微片分散于聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、尼龙等聚合物基体中制备导电复合材料,其渗滤阀值远低于一般的导电填料复合体系。纳米石墨微片有望在导电材料、电磁屏蔽材料、电加热材料等领域得到应用。     

纳米结构导电聚合物合成方法及其生物监测应用研究进展

纳米材料由于具有表面效应、量子效应、小尺寸效应等独特优点,近年来已迅速发展成为高分子聚合物材料领域的研究热点之一。研究人员对高分子聚合物进行纳米结构改良后,进一步提高了其在电化学生物传感器上的应用效果。本文综述了模板法、自聚合法、静电纺丝法、掺杂法等在导电聚合物纳米结构化研究领域的几种新制备方法,并展望了纳米结构导电聚合物在食品工业、环境监测、临床医学等相关领域生物监测的应用前景。     

嵌段共聚物为模板合成纳米结构导电聚合物材料研究进展

简述了以嵌段共聚物为模板合成纳米结构导电聚合物材料的国内外发展状况。近年来,纳米结构导电聚合物材料作为极具研究价值的新型功能材料而成为了材料科学的研究热点。以嵌段共聚物为模板则是制备此类材料最有前途的方法之一。本文详细地总结并归纳了通过该方法制备形貌规整的纳米级导电聚合物材料的成形机理、实验方法及其影响因素等。最后总结了纳米结构导电聚合物材料相关研究中存在的诸多问题,并简要指出以嵌段共聚物为模板有助于提高导电高聚物的形貌及尺寸的可控性,进而有助于改善导电高聚物的溶解性、加工性能、电导率等各项性能,也将有利于拓宽导电高聚物在纳米科技领域中的应用前景。     

Deposition and Adhesion Characterization of Ti(BN:MoS2) Based Composite Thin Films Prepared by Closed-Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering

Composite structured solid thin films were deposited on 52100 tool steel by co-sputtering from BN, TiB₂, MoS₂ and Ti targets using a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering process (CFUBMS). The structural and mechanical properties of the composite structured coatings were investigated. The composition and morphology of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adhesion properties of the films were characterized by the use of a Revetest-scratch tester. The adhesion test results indicated that bias voltage was the most effective coating parameter related to the critical load.     

CdSe敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔膜电极的制备及其光电性能研究

研究了CdSe敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜电极的制备及其表征,采用涂敷法将溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2胶体制备成纳米晶多孔薄膜,采用化学沉积法制备的CdSe对其进行了敏化处理.敏化后增加了对可见光的吸收作用和光生载流子的输运速度,减少了CdSe上光生载流子的复合,改善了电极内光生电荷的传递特性,获得了较大的稳态光电流.这种薄膜电极改进后可用于制作敏化太阳能电池的光阳极.     

Study on atmospheric tribology performance of MoS2–W films with self-adaption to temperature

MoS₂ is easily oxidized into MoO₃ at elevated temperature, which leads to a sharp deterioration of lubricity and greatly limits the application. To improve the atmospheric tribology properties of MoS₂ at elevated temperature, the co-deposited MoS₂–W composite films are prepared by magnetron sputtering. Compared with pure MoS₂, the design of three kinds of MoS₂–W composite films not only maintains lower temperature-sensitivity, but also greatly improves the mechanical properties. In particular, the three MoS₂–W composite films embrace good tribology performance at all test temperature, especially 100 °C, at which physical adsorption of H₂O is prominently less than that of 25 °C and the oxidation is relatively slight, compared with that of the higher temperature. Individually, the MoS₂-8.2%W composite film maintains the optimal tribology performance at any test temperature and becomes self-adaptive to temperature variation, which originates from the optimized structure and good mechanical properties.     

MoS2/ZnO纳米复合材料的光学和光催化性能

在溶剂热法制备ZnO纳米粒子的基础上,利用物理剥离和纳米粒子互剪切作用成功制备了MoS₂/ZnO异质结构纳米复合物。以扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散光谱、粉末X射线衍射、拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、光致发光谱等对样品进行了结构形貌和性能表征。结果表明,利用物理剥离和互剪切作用能有效地获得MoS₂/ZnO复合物,复合作用使得MoS₂位于378cm^-1(E¹_2g)和400cm^-1(A_1g)处的两个特征拉曼峰显著增强。复合物中MoS₂含量越少,两个特征拉曼峰强度反而越高,且两峰波数间隔相应减小。可归因于MoS₂含量较低时,ZnO纳米粒子对MoS₂的物理剥离效果越显著,同时,MoS₂体现出良好的分散性和较小的厚度。MoS₂含量对MoS₂/ZnO的发光具有明显的调制作用,显著增强了复合物在可见光区域的吸收。随着MoS₂含量增加,其可见光发光强度迅速减小,紫外峰出现明显的蓝移。纯ZnO对苯酚的降解率最高达90%,而MoS₂/ZnO复合物对苯酚的降解率达100%,复合物对苯酚的最终降解率明显高于纯氧化锌。     

ZnFe_2O_4和TiO_2纳米复合薄膜光电催化性能的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,在导电玻璃上制备了纳米ZnFe2O4和TiO2的复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对其进行了表征,通过复合薄膜对甲基橙的降解试验研究了其光电催化性能及催化机理。并将复合薄膜、ZnFe2O4薄膜和TiO2薄膜在不同电压下的光电催化效果进行了对比,结果表明:复合薄膜的光电催化降解效率有了明显提高,三层复合薄膜ZnFe2O4+TiO2+ZnFe2O4的光催化效果最好,在外加偏压0.2-6V范围内随电压增大不同薄膜对甲基橙的降解率均呈现波动性增长。     

Polyethylene with MoS2 nanoparticles toward antibacterial active packaging

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanoparticles, obtained from liquid phase exfoliation in the presence of chitosan, were melt mixed with a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix to produce novel antimicrobial active packaging materials. The LLDPE/MoS₂ composites presented exfoliated nanoparticles forming aggregates that are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. These 2D-layered MoS₂ nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt% rendered several functionalities to the LLDPE, as for example an antimicrobial behavior against Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria that can be explained not only by the photoactivity of the filler but also by changes in the composite surface. For instance, the composites presented a reduction in the water contact angle (i.e., an increased hydrophilicity) and relevant changes in the surface topography (i.e., reduced roughness) as compared with pure LLDPE. Regarding the barrier properties, while MoS₂ dramatically increased the water vapor permeation (WVP) of the polymer matrix, until 15 times for composite with 3.0 wt% of filler, the oxygen permeation decreased around 25%. All these novel functionalities in the nanocomposites were obtained without significantly affecting the tensile mechanical properties of the pure LLDPE matrix. These results show that MoS₂ is a promising filler for the development of antibacterial active packaging films with behaviors as similar as other 2D-layered fillers such as graphene derivatives.     

Excellent antimicrobial properties of mesoporous anatase TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 composite films

Optically transparent, crack-free, mesoporous anatase TiO₂ thin films were fabricated. The Ag/TiO₂ composite films were prepared by incorporating Ag in the pores of TiO₂ films with an impregnation method via photoreduction. The as-prepared composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectronic spectra (XPS) and N₂ adsorption. The release behavior of silver ions in the mesoporous composite film was also studied. Moreover, the antimicrobial behaviors of the mesoporous film were also investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The antibacterial activities of the composite films were studied by a fluorescence label method using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model. The as-prepared mesoporous TiO₂ films showed much higher antimicrobial efficiency than that of glass and commercial P25 TiO₂ spinning film. The facts would result from the high surface area, small crystal size and more active sites for the mesoporous catalysis. After the doping of Ag, a significant improvement for the antimicrobial ability was obtained. To elucidate the roles of the membrane photocatalyst and the doped silver in the antimicrobial activity, cells from a silver-resistant E. coli were used. These results indicated that Ag nanoparticles in the mesoporous were not only an antimicrobial but also an intensifier for photocatalysis. The as-prepared mesoporous composite film is promising in application of photocatalysis, antimicrobial and self-clean technologies.     

两步溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2/SiO2介孔复合材料及其光催化性能研究

制造TiO2/SiO2介孔复合物需要两步,首先是溶胶法,然后将其融入降解的甲基红中作为光催化剂.通过X射线、红外光谱和投射电镜对TiO2/SiO2介孔复合物进行研究,发现TiO2颗粒高度分散在SiO2的晶体中.TiO2在TiO2/SiO2介孔复合物中的基本结构和光催化反应之间的关系得到了特别的关注,这一关系为设计和应用光催化系统在降解有毒复合物的高效应用提供了重要信息.     

Enhanced piezoelectricity of a PVDF-based nanocomposite utilizing high-yield dispersions of exfoliated few-layer MoS2

Piezoelectric polymer composite films have attracted extensive attention due to their comprehensive characteristics such as low cost, good flexibility, mechanical property and excellent processability. Among the known polymers, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is an ideal piezoelectric polymer because the β-crystalline form of PVDF has the highest polarization per unit cell. However, initial PVDF mostly suffers from the lack of a β phase, restricting its potential applications. Few-layer MoS₂ is predicted to be strongly piezoelectric owing to the opposite orientations of adjacent atomic layers. In this work, we report an efficient approach to enhance the piezoelectric property of PVDF-based nanocomposites by combining few-layer MoS₂ with PVDF. The product yield for few-layer MoS₂ reached a value as high as 83.3% via a unique liquid-exfoliation technique. For a few-layer MoS₂/PVDF composite film with 1?wt.% few-layer MoS₂, a high piezoelectric performance enhancement of 360% was achieved compared with the initial PVDF film. In addition, due to the intrinsic lubrication of MoS₂, the highest elongation of the piezoelectric composite film was found to be four times higher than that of the pure PVDF film.     

Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2染料敏化PbS/Zn2+--TiO2 复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极的光电化学

采用水热法合成了Ｚｎ２＋离子掺杂的ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子（掺杂量０．５％）;并用光电化学方法研究了 Ｒｕ（ｂＰｙ）２（ＮＣＳ）２（ｂｐｙ—２,２’－ｂｉｐｙｄｉｎｅ－４,４＇－ｄｉｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃ　ａｃｉｄ）分别敏化 Ｚｎ~２＋掺杂的 ＴｉＯ_２电极和 ＰｂＳ／Ｚｎ~２＋－ＴｉＯ_２复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极的光电化学行为．实验证明Ｒｕ（ｂｐｙ）２（ＮＣＳ）２敏化 ＰｂＳ／Ｚｎ２＋－ＴｉＯ_２复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比单独敏化 Ｚｎ~２＋－ＴｉＯ_２电极的光电效果好,且敏化电极的光电流产生的起始波长都比 Ｚｎ２＋－ＴｉＯ２电极向长波方向移动;在 ３６０～６００ ｎｍ范围内, Ｒｕ（ｂｐｙ）２（ＮＣＳ）２敏化 ＰｂＳ／Ｚｎ２＋－ＴｉＯ_２复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比单独敏化Ｚｎ~２＋掺杂ＴｉＯ~２电极的效果更好．