硅通孔(TSV)转接板微组装技术研究进展

以硅通孔(TSV)为核心的三维集成技术是半导体工业界近几年的研发热点,特别是2.5D TSV转接板技术的出现,为实现低成本小尺寸芯片系统封装替代高成本系统芯片(So C)提供了解决方案。转接板作为中介层,实现芯片和芯片、芯片与基板之间的三维互连,降低了系统芯片制作成本和功耗。在基于TSV转接板的三维封装结构中,新型封装结构及封装材料的引入,大尺寸、高功率芯片和小尺寸、细节距微凸点的应用,都为转接板的微组装工艺及其可靠性带来了巨大挑战。综述了TSV转接板微组装的研究现状,及在转接板翘曲、芯片与转接板的精确对准、微组装相关材料、工艺选择等方面面临的关键问题和研究进展。     

基于TSV倒装焊与芯片叠层的高密度组装及封装技术

系统级封装（Si P）及微系统技术能够在有限空间内实现更高密度、更多功能集成,是满足宇航、武器装备等高端领域电子器件小型化、高性能、高可靠需求的关键技术。重点阐述了基于硅通孔（TSV）转接板的倒装焊立体组装及其过程质量控制、基于键合工艺的芯片叠层、基于倒装焊的双通道散热封装等高密度模块涉及的组装及封装技术,同时对利用TSV转接板实现多芯片倒装焊的模组化、一体化集成方案进行了研究。基于以上技术实现了信息处理Si P模块的高密度、气密性封装,以及满足多倒装芯片散热与CMOS图像传感器（CIS）采光需求的双面三腔体微系统模块封装。     

Chiplet封装用有机基板的信号完整性设计

芯粒（Chiplet）技术带来了芯片规模、性能和成本的平衡,受到了业界和用户的高度关注。针对不同的Chiplet封装方案,对先进/标准封装方案中电气互连的参数与性能进行比较并解读。基于国内的有机基板工艺,从设计和仿真角度对Chiplet标准封装方案进行技术可行性研究。在合理的端接配置下,信号通道的性能可以达到UCIe的设计要求。结果表明,有机基板的低损耗、灵活布线等特性在一定程度上弥补了硅基板在互连密度和能效方面的短板。该研究为Chiplet通用协议的国产应用转化以及Chiplet封装设计提供了参考。     

芯粒测试技术综述

随着半导体工艺的发展,芯片工艺提升愈发困难,摩尔定律日趋放缓,而芯粒集成技术促进了多芯片封装的发展,有效地延续了摩尔定律。以2.5D、3D集成为主的芯粒异构集成芯片的测试方法与传统2D芯片测试有所不同,带来一些新的测试挑战。从当前芯粒测试的挑战分析入手,介绍了芯粒互联标准、互联测试和基于不同测试访问标准的可测性设计（DFT）方法,着重阐述各方法的优缺点以及相互之间的联系与区别,旨在帮助读者对芯粒测试技术进行系统性了解。     

芯片三维互连技术及异质集成研究进展

集成电路的纳米制程工艺逐渐逼近物理极限,通过异质集成来延续和拓展摩尔定律的重要性日趋凸显。异质集成以需求为导向,将分立的处理器、存储器和传感器等不同尺寸、功能和类型的芯片,在三维方向上实现灵活的模块化整合与系统集成。异质集成芯片在垂直方向上的信号互连依赖硅通孔（TSV）或玻璃通孔（TGV）等技术实现,而在水平方向上可通过再布线层（RDL）技术实现高密度互连。异质集成技术开发与整合的关键在于融合实现多尺度、多维度的芯片互连,通过三维互连技术配合,将不同功能的芯粒异质集成到一个封装体中,从而提高带宽和电源效率并减小延迟,为高性能计算、人工智能和智慧终端等提供小尺寸、高性能的芯片。通过综述TSV、TGV、RDL技术及相应的2.5D、3D异质集成方案,阐述了当前研究现状,并探讨存在的技术难点及未来发展趋势。     

Cadence先进封装EDA工具高效赋能CoWoS-S硅中介层设计和签核

随着摩尔定律的放缓,通过制程微缩来提高芯片性能越来越难,基于芯粒集成的先进封装方案的重要性随之日益显现。尤其是在一些高算力芯片产品的设计上,采用芯粒集成已逐渐成为设计者们一个绕不开的性能提高手段。在2.5D先进封装方案中,CoWoS-S(chip on wafer on substrate)封装因其高带宽、低延迟及丰富的成功量产案例而被广泛应用于片上系统芯片（So C-system on chip）与高带宽内存（HBM-high bandwidth memory）的互连。然而,在CoWoS-S技术的硅中介层设计过程中,设计人员将面临严苛的信号完整性与电源完整性的综合挑战。为了解决这些挑战,Cadence作为EDA领域的创新者和领导者,开发了完整的EDA解决方案,以协助设计人员完成硅中介层的设计及签核任务。本文将介绍如何利用Cadence EDA解决方案来高效率地实现CoWoS-S硅中介层的设计与签核,内容聚焦于大电流区域的电源完整性设计以及HBM互连区域的信号完整性设计。     

硅基微波毫米波收发芯片封装结构研究

借助硅基转接板来实现芯片互连的2.5D/3D封装技术是目前广泛应用的一种封装方式,其电磁损耗是影响系统集成的关键问题.以一种基于硅基转接板的封装结构为对象,根据理论分析对硅基转接板进行挖腔预处理.通过对该结构进行建模仿真,得出封装结构的电性能指标.最后利用该结构分别封装一个微带直通线和一款收发芯片,并对实际的电性能进行...     

一种基于硅转接板的高安全芯片集成技术研究

针对芯片面临的侵入式物理攻击和侧信道攻击等安全威胁,结合2.5D硅转接板技术,提出了一种新型的芯片高安全、高密度集成方案.芯片被置于硅转接板的埋置槽中,而在该埋置槽中特地设计了能够实现攻击实时检测的高密度立体化金属屏蔽防护网络.埋置槽采用湿法腐蚀的方法进行制备,具有制造工艺简单、成本低等优点,也能够使得金属屏蔽防护网络...     

高速高密度光电共封装技术

分析了高速高密度光电共封装中2.5D、3D集成技术,提出并验证了2种2.5D光电共封装结构:采用硅转接板的光电共封装和采用玻璃转接板的2.5D结构,经仿真得到在40 GHz工作时可以实现较低的插入损耗,并进行了工艺验证,制备了硅转接板和玻璃转接板样品。还提出了一种新型基于有机基板工艺的3D光电共封装结构,该结构相比其他2.5D和3D结构尺寸更小、更薄,设计更灵活。对该结构进行了工艺验证,制作了光探测器(PD)与跨阻放大器(TIA)共同集成的三维光电共封装样品。     

硅基射频微系统三维异构集成技术

<正>南京电子器件研究所根据射频组件芯片化的发展趋势,在国内首先提出了硅基射频微系统架构,在203.2 mm(8英寸)硅晶圆上,建立起了TSV射频转接板的设计/工艺能力,通过基于TSV射频转接板的三维异构集成先进工艺技术,制备出硅基首款38 GHz异构集成收发芯片,研制出4层硅片堆叠集成的X波段硅基变频芯片,形成了1.0版本的射频微系统工艺规则和多用户流程能力。TSV尺寸(30:200)μm,可以支持4层硅片的圆片级堆叠。该工艺架构在DC-40 GHz的微波性能已通过了验证。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks