CH4和CO2在临氧条件下多相催化合成乙酸

在总结国内外CH₄-CO₂直接合成乙酸和CH₄、CO₂在临氧条件下活化转化的研究进展基础上，论证了在CH₄-CO₂体系引入氧改善热力学和在多相催化作用下直接合成乙酸的可行性。     

CH4CO2催化重整制合成气的研究进展

综述了CH₄CO₂催化重整制合成气的研究进展，分析讨论了催化剂的研究状况、反应机理、动力学、催化剂失活特性和非常规供能方式在催化重整反应中的应用等。结果表明，CO₂催化重整过程开发成功的关键是有效抑制催化剂积炭失活。     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂上CH4选择性还原NO的研究

考察了Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃对甲烷选择性还原NO的催化活性。结果表明，采用浸渍法制备的Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃三种催化剂，在有氧气氛下，用CH₄作还原剂催化还原NO时，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂的活性最佳，热稳定性好，在550 ℃，用CH₄选择还原NO，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂表现出较强的催化能力，NO的转化率达到100%。在高空速实验中，该催化剂亦表现出较高的活性，其活性顺序为Pd/Al₂O₃>In/Al₂O₃>Co/Al₂O₃。实验研究了助催化剂、氧含量以及空速对Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂活性的影响。     

吸附分离CH4/N2可行性研究

The separation between methane and nitrogen is an inevitable and important task in the C1 chemical technology and the utilization of methane from coalbed, yet it is considered to be one of the tough tasks in the field of separation. Pressure swing adsorption is a preferable technology if an adsorbent that allowing a large coefficient of separation for the CH4/N2 system is available. The separation coefficients between CH4 and N2 were obtained on analyzing the breakthrough curves measured experimentally with nine adsorbents. A technique of measuring the temperature-pulse was incorporated in the experiments, and the reliability of the result was improved.Superactivated carbon with large surface area and plenty of micropores was shown to have the largest separation coefficient and to be promising for the commercial utilization.     

i(SO4)2/SiO2催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯的研究

以Ti(SO₄)₂/SiO₂为催化剂，苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料，合成了苯甲酸异戊酯。对影响酯化反应的因素进行了研究。优化的工艺条件：负载硫酸钛质量分数为10%，催化剂用量为2.5 g·(0.05 mol-苯甲酸)^-1，醇酸物质的量比为4∶1，反应时间为90 min，苯甲酸的酯化率可达96.6%。     

CH4与CO检测气敏元件中催化剂的制备与反应性能研究

实现CH₄和CO的多参数检测，催化剂及其催化反应性能是基础。研究了纳米载体Al₂O₃的制备方法，对其孔径分布和前驱体的颗粒度进行了BET和TEM的测定，对CH₄和CO在Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂上的催化反应性能进行了评价。结果表明,采用共沉淀-凝胶工艺和控制制备条件可以得到适宜孔径的催化剂载体。CH₄和CO在Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂上的催化反应性能有较大的差异。催化反应可以满足对CH₄和CO的多参数检测的需要。     

SO2-4/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成脂肪酸季戊四醇酯的研究

以脂肪酸和季戊四醇为原料，三甲苯为带水剂，SO^2-₄/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化,合成脂肪酸季戊四醇酯。实验结果表明，控制酯化温度（180～200） ℃、醇酸物质的量比为1∶5.6、催化剂加入量为原料总量的0.9%和反应时间为4 h时，可获得最佳反应结果，酯化率达99.88%。IR 谱表明，产品中羟基吸收峰基本消失，证明酯化反应较充分和完全。     

V2O5/TiO2基SCR脱硝催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用纳米TiO₂为催化剂载体原料,V₂O₅为催化剂,通过混合、球磨、干燥和焙烧等工艺制备选择性催化还原脱硝法催化剂,研究了催化剂的制备工艺和催化性能。通过差热分析研究催化剂的相变和烧结温度,通过模拟烟气分析装置表征催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,加入V₂O₅可以提高催化性能,以6%V₂O₅-94%TiO₂为配方的催化剂对NO的脱除率达97.5%,温度窗口为（300～420） ℃。     

γ-Al2O3在CeO2-La2O3催化还原SO2中的作用

考察了反应温度对γ-Al₂O₃、CeO₂-La₂O₃和CeO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化CO还原SO₂到单质硫活性的影响。采用XRD表征了催化剂反应前后的物相变化。结果表明，温度过低或过高均不利于γ-Al₂O₃催化CO还原SO₂的反应。γ-Al₂O₃的介入提高了CeO₂和La₂O₃的分散性，使Redox 和COS两种反应机理在同一催化剂上的协同作用增强，使CeO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃在催化还原SO₂的反应中具有更低的反应温度和更高的活性。     

长链烷烃（n-C10~13）脱氢制单烯烃催化剂的研究Ⅱ.Pt-Sn/MgAl2O4催化剂上C12脱氢反应行为

采用真空浸渍法制备Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄和Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。对两种催化剂进行C₁₂脱氢催化性能评价比较,并使用BET、XRD、CO吸附、TPR、NH₃-TPD和TG等手段对催化剂进行表征。NH₃-TPD测定结果表明, Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄催化剂比Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较弱的酸性。Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄催化剂的初始转化率(21.6%)比Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂初始转化率(22.6%)低,但其单烯烃选择性(83.9%)比后者(73.6%)高。     

低浓度煤层气吸附浓缩技术研究与发展

我国是一个多煤少气贫油的国家,煤层气储量约30万亿立方米,由于缺乏先进实用的低浓度煤层气甲烷分离浓缩技术,当前抽采煤层气利用率仅为50%左右。因此,对低浓度煤层气甲烷富集浓缩过程开展研究,可在开发能源的同时减少温室气体的排放,具有重大的应用价值和战略意义。简要介绍了我国煤层气资源开发利用情况,综述了近年来低浓度煤层气吸附浓缩技术研究进展,包括新型吸附材料及先进吸附工艺。对于低浓度煤层气中CH₄/N₂分离,目前文献报道吸附材料的吸附容量及分离系数仍然处于较低水平;受吸附材料的分离性能较差影响,传统变压吸附工艺对低浓度煤层气中CH₄浓缩效果并不理想。最后指出,高吸附容量、高选择性吸附材料及多种方法结合的新型吸附工艺是未来低浓度煤层气吸附浓缩技术的发展方向。     

煤矿区煤层气利用潜力分析

针对"十一五"、"十二五"期间煤矿区煤层气开发利用量与规划目标差距较大,特别是井下抽采利用率与规划目标相差甚远的问题,从抽采量和抽采浓度、利用技术、利用模式、政策因素等方面开展利用潜力影响因素分析,构建开发规模、利用规模和利用率预测模型,采用情景分析方法预测"十三五"煤层气开发利用量和利用率,并提出发展目标。根据计算结果,取中情景,到2020年煤矿区煤层气抽采量达到257亿~289亿m~3,利用量达到148亿~170亿m~3,地面井煤层气利用率在80%以上,井下抽采煤层气利用率在45%以上,煤矿区煤层气综合利用率在58%以上。     

Purification of coal mine methane on carbon molecular sieve by vacuum pressure swing adsorption

The vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) method, as an alternative way to separate the CH₄/N₂ mixture, was adopted to purify methane from coal mine methane. The performance of the VPSA process was investigated experimentally and theoretically with a reactivated carbon molecule sieve as the adsorbent. The computer calculations were compared to the experimental data. The concentrated methane with 79% purity could be collected directly during the high-pressure adsorption step with 93% recovery and 0.0720 mL·g^–1·min^–1 productivity, when the composition of raw gas was 10/90 vol% CH₄/N₂, which is of great significance for the utility of low quality energy gas.     

低浓度瓦斯气体水合分离过程中十二烷基硫酸钠和高岭土的影响

为了探寻有效改善瓦斯水合分离动力学条件的方法,本文研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和高岭土对瓦斯水合物生成过程及CH₄分离效果的影响。实验获取了低浓度瓦斯在4个体系中,即：SDS质量分数为10.34%的SDS溶液及高岭土质量分数为1.47%、5.64%和8.23%的SDS-高岭土复配溶液中瓦斯水合物生成过程压力-温度-时间（p-T-t）曲线,利用气相色谱仪测定了分离产物中CH₄的浓度。结果表明：SDS和SDS-高岭土复配体系缩短了瓦斯水合物生成诱导时间,提高了瓦斯水合物生成速率。4个体系中,瓦斯水合物生成诱导时间最短为72 min,平均生成速率最大可达5.261×10^-6 m³·h^-1;一级水合分离产物中CH₄浓度比原料气提高了12.40%～20.61%;在SDS-高岭土复配溶液中,瓦斯水合物分形生长,CH₄提纯浓度最高可达58.41%。     

天然气吸附存储的研究进展

阐述了吸附天然气存储的原理,着重介绍了ＡＮＧ存储中几个着急问题的研究进展。     

沸石分子筛对CO_2/CH_4混合气的分离效果研究

选取5A沸石分子筛作为脱碳吸附材料,考察了其对CO2及CH4单组份的吸附效果。结果表明,5A分子筛真空解吸在1 h 50 min即可达到解吸、脱碳、再生的目的,且经8次重复吸附-解吸后仍具有较高及较稳定的脱碳效率。将5A分子筛应用到沼气实际分离实验中,在沼气中n(CO2)∶n(CH4)=40∶60的条件下,经单塔处理可达0.17 m3/kg处理量,甲烷纯度可达97%以上,且连续处理速率为0.60 m3/(h·kg),该研究为今后的沼气分离工程提供了技术参数。     

晋城矿区煤层气发电现状及规划

晋城矿区赋有丰富的煤层气资源 ,为充分利用这部分煤层气资源 ,晋城无烟煤矿业集团利用美国的打钻、压裂、排采技术实施煤层气开发示范工程 ,经潘庄、寺河两矿煤层初步发电试验 ,取得成功 ,2 0 0 2年初运转的 1 1× 1 0 4kW发电示范工程 ,取得良好的经济效益 ,为后续煤层气资源利用积累了宝贵的经验。     

Modelling of multicomponent gas separation with asymmetric hollow fibre membranes—methane enrichment from biogas

A mathematical model for the dynamic performance of gas separation with high flux, asymmetric hollow fibre membranes was developed considering the permeate pressure build‐up inside the fibre bore and cross flow pattern with respect to the membrane skin. The solution technique provides reliable examination of pressure and concentration profiles along the permeator length (both residue/permeate streams) with minimal effort. The proposed simulation model and scheme were validated with experimental data of gas separation from literature. The model and solution technique were applied to investigate dynamic performance of several membrane module configurations for methane recovery from biogas (landfill gas or digester gas), considering biogas as a mixture of CO₂, N₂ and CH₄. Recycle ratio plays a crucial role, and optimum recycle ratio vital for the retentate recycle to permeate and permeate recycle to feed operation was found. From the concept of two recycle operations, complexities involved in the design and operation of continuous membrane column were simplified. Membrane permselectivity required for a targeted separation to produce pipeline quality natural gas by methane‐selective or nitrogen‐selective membranes was calculated. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

CH4/CO2混合气置换强化含氮低品质甲烷的浓缩

针对CO₂置换吸附分离CH₄/N₂过程中CO₂再生困难的问题,采用少量产品气CH₄真空吹扫以提高CO₂的解吸效果,并以解吸得到的CH₄/CO₂混合气为置换步骤的置换气,通过置换来强化含氮低品质甲烷的浓缩过程。以自制椰壳活性炭为吸附剂,对CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化吸附回收含氮低品质甲烷工艺过程进行了实验与模拟研究。在gPROMS软件中建立并求解固定床吸附分离模型方程,预测了CH₄、N₂ 和CO₂在自制椰壳活性炭上的竞争吸附穿透曲线,通过预测结果和实验的对比,验证了数学模型方程的准确性。对比了不同置换气强化吸附分离低品质甲烷的效果,结果表明CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化相对于CO₂置换强化可获得更高纯度产品。进行了CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化真空变压吸附循环实验,可以将14%的CH₄/N₂和53%的CH₄/CO₂联合富集到98.8%,同时获得77.8%的回收率。     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.