Self-supported silver nanoparticles containing bacterial cellulose membranes

Hydrated bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes obtained from cultures of Acetobacter xylinum were used in the preparation of silver nanoparticles containing cellulose membranes. In situ preparation of Ag nanoparticles was achieved from the hydrolytic decomposition of silver triethanolamine (TEA) complexes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns both lead to the observation of spherical metallic silver particles with mean diameter of 8 nm well adsorbed onto the BC fibriles.     

Overall thermal conductivity of unidirectional hybrid polymer nanocomposites containing SiO2 nanoparticles

International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - A physics-based nested hierarchical approach is established to investigate thermal conducting behavior of micro-filler (in the form of...     

Polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles (PVA/AgNps) as a model for testing the biological activity of hybrid materials with included silver nanoparticles

Comparing the influence of two different stabilizers as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), as well as organosilanes as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), allows determining the main role of the silver nanoparticles included in hybrid materials for the realization of their antimicrobial activity. The proposed two-step testing scheme first onto control strains and then onto clinical bacterial and fungal strains resistant to antibiotics allows full investigation of these properties.     

PDMS/SiO2杂化材料的合成与性能研究

采用草酸作为催化剂,通过溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)反应制得了透明的块状聚二甲基硅氧烷/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料,并采用FTIR、TG等方法对所制备的杂化材料进行了分析表征,考核了杂化材料的硬度.结果表明:所制备的杂化材料中的硬度随PDMS用量、分子量以及H2O/TEOS的摩尔比的增加而降低,其热重损失率随PDMS用量的增加而下降.     

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized on tannin-grafted collagen fiber

Bayberry tannin (BT), a typical plant polyphenol, was grafted on collagen fiber (CF) in different mass ratios. Subsequently, the BT-grafted CF (BT-CF) was used as carrier and stabilizer to prepare BT-CF stabilized silver nanoparticles (BT-CF-AgNPs). Scanning Electron Microscopy image of BT-CF-AgNPs showed that the BT-CF-AgNPs was in ordered fibrous state. X-ray Diffraction patterns and Transmission Electron Microscopy images offered evidence that the Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed on BT-CF. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) investigations revealed that the Ag NPs were stabilized by the phenolic hydroxyls and quinones of BT on CF through electron donation/acception interaction. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that BT-CF-AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial activity. When cell suspensions of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (10⁴–10⁵ cfu/mL) were contacted with BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs (mass ratio of BT to CF = 0.19, conc. of Ag = 8 μg/mL) at 310 K under constant shaking, the number of cells went down to zero within 2 h. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration of BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium glaucum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, 6 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL Ag, respectively. During recycling use, the antibacterial activity of BT_0.19-CF-AgNPs against Escherichia coli can last for 5 cycles. These facts suggest that BT-CF-AgNPs can be used as a new and effective antibacterial agent.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PDMS/SiO2杂化材料

采用sol-gel工艺,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机组分前驱物,以含端羟基的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为有机组分,分别采用盐酸、草酸、氨水、三乙醇胺为催化剂,合成了PDMS/SiO2杂化材料,讨论了催化剂、共溶剂对杂化材料的影响,考察了杂化材料收缩率及透光率.结果表明:采用草酸作催化剂合成了块状、透明的杂化材料,PDMS/SiO2杂化材料的收缩率随共溶剂用量的增加和PDMS用量的减小而增加,采用羟基含量为4%的PDMS合成的杂化材料的透明性较好.     

纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的制备和表征

以纳米纤维素(NCC)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂还原硝酸银,化学还原法制备纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子。m(Ag)/m(NCC)=5%制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子,X射线衍射分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中NCC和银纳米粒子相互混合并未改变各自的晶型,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中银纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.87nm,与透射电子显微镜(TEM)所测银纳米粒子直径(10nm)相近;热重分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的热稳定性较纳米纤维素稍有下降。透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析、紫外光谱分析、固含量分析、机理分析和抑菌活性分析结果表明,m(Ag)/m(NCC)=3%时制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,且银纳米粒子在纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中分散较均匀。     

PPESK／SiO2杂化材料的制备及动态力学性能研究

以含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK）为基体，正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为原料，N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为共溶剂，采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备出不同二氧化硅质量百分含量的PPESK／SiO2杂化材料。利用动态热机械分析仪（DMA）对PPESK／SiO2杂化均质薄膜进行动态力学性能测试和表征。结果表明，杂化材料中SiO2组分含量及扫描频率对PPESK／SiO2杂化材料的动态力学性能及玻璃化转变过程都有一定程度影响。SiO2含量的增加，杂化材料的力学损耗峰温度移向高温区，并且峰值升高；随着扫描频率的增加，杂化材料的损耗因子峰移向高温。同时采用Arrhenius方程计算PPESK／SiO2杂化材料在α转变时分子运动活化能。另外，还考察了SiO2粒子含量对PPESK／SiO2杂化材料的力学性能的影响。     

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries is a very infectious disease; in humans, 95% of the worldwide population is affected. The microorganism associated with dental caries is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Although several mechanisms for its control have been used, its prevalence and incidence are still high. New alternatives are silver nanoparticles due to their antibacterial effect. In this work, we determined the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on S. mutans. Three sizes of silver nanoparticles were used to find minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. mutans using reference and clinical stocks. Kruskal-Wallis and U of Mann-Whitney statistical tests were applied. We found bactericidal effect for the three groups, with significant statistical differences between them. Our results agree with those already reported by several authors. This study concludes that silver nanoparticles present antibacterial activity on S. mutans and this property is better when the particle size is diminished.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备环氧/SiO2纳米杂化材料及其性能研究

以异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷(IPTS)接枝环氧树脂(EP)合成出了一种新型的环氧预聚物(IEP),由IEP通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了EP/SiO2杂化材料。通过FT-IR、AFM、TG、DMA表征和分析了杂化材料的化学结构、SiO2纳米粒子在EP基体中的分散性和无机纳米粒子的引入对EP树脂热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,原位生成的纳米SiO2粒子在EP基体中的分散性良好,其平均尺度约为50nm;杂化材料的热性能和力学性能相比于纯EP有了很大程度的提高。     

SiO2/M纳米复合材料的结构及催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥法制备了SiO2/M(Cu,Co)纳米复合材料,对其结构、形貌进行了TEM和比表面分析,并研究了SiO2/M纳米复合材料的催化性能.结果表明,制得的SiO2/M纳米复合材料保留了SiO2气凝胶的纳米网络和高比表面积,金属组份Cu与Co均匀地分散在纳米级SiO2气凝胶骨架中,对CO的氧化反应以及CO-NO反应均表现出高的催化活性.     

Ag/SiO2抗菌材料的制备及抗菌性能研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷为疏水性前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备单质银掺杂的疏水性二氧化硅(Ag/SiO2)材料。通过XRD、紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱分析,对Ag/SiO2材料的物相和化学结构进行了表征,并研究了其对大肠杆菌和地表水样的抗菌性能。结果表明,Ag/SiO2材料中的银元素以单质形式存在,具有疏水性Si-CH3基团,单质银的掺杂对Ag/SiO2材料的化学结构影响不明显。随着银含量的增加,Ag/SiO2材料的抑菌性明显增强,银含量nAg=0.15时,其对大肠杆菌抑菌率达91.86%,对地表水样的抑菌率达92.38%,具有较好的抑菌广谱性。     

含纳米银的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维的制备及其抗菌性能研究

以浓度为88%的甲酸溶液作为纺丝溶剂,采用静电纺丝和紫外光照射还原的方法制备了含纳米银颗粒的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维。研究发现,壳聚糖的加入量低于明胶质量的3/16时可以得到纳米纤维,纤维平均直径随着硝酸银加入量的增大而减小,纤维表面纳米银的平均直径随着硝酸银加入量的增大而增大,在纺丝体系中硝酸银的加入量存在一个极限值。所制得含纳米银的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌具有较好的抑菌性能,纺丝时加入1%硝酸银制得纳米纤维膜的抑菌率达到99%以上,这种抗菌型纳米纤维可以应用于医用敷料等领域。     

Design of SiO2/PMHS hybrid nanocomposite for surface treatment of cement-based materials

A silica-based hybrid nanocomposite, SiO₂/polymethylhydrosiloxane (SiO₂/PMHS), is synthesized by a sol-gel process and used for surface treatment of hardened cement-based materials. The advantages of both normal organic and inorganic silica-based treatment agents are explored. Results revealed a covalent chemical bonding of SiO₂ and PMHS and the SiO₂/PMHS showed hydrophobicity and pozzolanic reactivity when used for surface treatment. Greater reductions of the water absorption rate and gas permeability coefficient of cement-based materials were achieved by the hybrid nanocomposite compared to its individual components, showing synergistic effects of hydrophobicity and pore refinement characteristics as proved by the measurements of the contact angle, the mineralogy, the morphology and the porosity. The results showed promising advantages of using silica-based hybrid nanocomposite for surface treatment to achieve a higher surface quality. Moreover, it can be suggested that more functionalities of the cement-based materials can be tailored through the design and use of the silica-based hybrid materials.     

Electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers containing hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles as future implant materials

In this study, a good combination consisting of electrospun titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanofibers incorporated with high purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (NPs) and antimicrobial silver NPs is introduced for hard tissue engineering applications. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized by various state of art techniques like; SEM, XRD, TEM, TEM EDS and XPS analyses. SEM results confirmed well oriented nanofibers and good dispersion of HAp and silver NPs, respectively. XRD results demonstrated well crystalline feature of three components used for electrospinning. Silver NPs were having a diameter in range of 5–8 nm indicated by TEM analysis. Moreover, TEM EDS analysis demonstrated the presence of each component with good dispersion over TiO₂ nanofiber. The surface analyses of nanofibers were investigated by XPS which indicated the presence of silver NPs on the surfaces of nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers were checked for antimicrobial activity by using two model organisms E. coli and S. aureus. Subsequently, antimicrobial tests have indicated that the prepared nanofibers do posses high bactericidal effect. Accordingly, these results strongly recommend the use of obtained nanofiber mats as future implant materials.     

Antibacterial activity and increased freeze-drying stability of sialyllactose-reduced silver nanoparticles using sucrose and trehalose

The resistance to current antibiotics results in the emergence of health-threatening bacteria. Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities without the development of resistance. Herein, we developed a green synthetic method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles with sialyllactose instead of toxic chemicals as a reducing agent, which would improve its therapeutic applicability and increase its biocompatibility. Oven incubation, autoclaving and microwave irradiation methods were applied to prepare the silver nanoparticles. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images revealed mostly spherical and amorphous silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 23.64 nm. Fourier Transform-infrared spectra suggest that the N-H amide of sialyllactose might be involved in the binding of silver nanoparticles. Based on thermogravimetric analyses, 2,3-sialyllactose-reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of 54.3 wt% organic components and 45.7 wt% metallic silver. Enhanced antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (approximately 8-fold) were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (minimum inhibitory concentration 16 microg/mL). Next, we employed the use of carbohydrate stabilizers to increase the stability of silver nanoparticles during a freeze-drying process. It was found that sucrose and trehalose were the most effective stabilizers. In addition, silver nanoparticles possessed excellent salt stability as well as on-the-shelf stability in the presence of these stabilizers. Derivatives of sialic acid are known to be anti-influenza agents; therefore, the newly prepared silver nanoparticles may serve as useful antibacterial and antiviral agents to cope with both pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the near future.     

Antibacterial activity of hybrid chitosan–cupric oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabric

In this study, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared using sonochemical method. The prepared nanoparticles were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The colloidal chitosan (CS) solution was prepared using ultrasound irradiation method and simultaneously mixed with CuO nanoparticles. The coatings of colloidal solution with and without CuO nanoparticles were studied through TEM images. The cotton fabrics were separately soaked in the prepared nanoparticle‐containing (hybrid) solutions by sonication method followed by pad‐dry‐cure method. The structural, functional, and morphological analyses of the coated and uncoated fabrics were performed using XRD, FTIR‐attenuated total reflectance, and SEM analyses, respectively. The hybrid‐coated cotton fabrics showed better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bioactivity performance of the coated fabrics was in the order of CuO‐coated fabric > CS‐coated fabric.Inspec keywords: cotton fabrics, nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, copper compoundsOther keywords: antibacterial activity, hybrid chitosan‐cupric oxide nanoparticles, cotton fabric, cupric oxide nanoparticles, sonochemical method, X‐ray diffraction, XRD pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, TEM methods, colloidal chitosan solution, ultrasound irradiation method, colloidal solution, TEM images, cotton fabrics, nanoparticle‐containing solutions, sonication method, pad‐dry‐cure method, morphological analyses, structural analyses, functional analyses, FTIR‐attenuated total reflectance, SEM analyses, hybrid‐coated cotton fabrics, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, bioactivity performance, CuO     

Properties of polypropylene nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles

Silver/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm were prepared using a new synthetic method. AgNO3 crystals were dissolved into hydrophilic domain of polyoxyethylene maleate-based surfactant (PEOM), which gives self-assembly nano-structures. The AgNO3 in the nano-domains of PEOM was reduced by NaBH4 to form nanoparticles. The colloidal solutions with silver nanoparticles were diluted with ethanol and were mixed with PP pellets. Silver nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion compounding process after drying the pellets. Contents of silver nanoparticles dispersed within PP resin were changed from 100 to 1000 ppm. Formation of silver nanoparticles within PP was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM. Size and distribution of dispersed silver nanoparticles were also measured by TEM. Silver/PP nanocomposites films showed not only improved thermal stability but also increased mechanical properties compared to neat PP film. Tensile properties of PP nanocomposites were largely improved compared with neat PP resin, and elongation increased also by 175% for the nanocomposites containing 1000 ppm silver nanoparticles.     

Removal of dyes from water using chitosan hydrogel/SiO2 and chitin hydrogel/SiO2 hybrid materials obtained by the sol-gel method

This work describes the synthesis of chitosan hydrogel/SiO(2) and chitin hydrogel/SiO(2) hybrid mesoporous materials obtained by the sol-gel method for their use as biosorbents. Their adsorption capabilities against four dyes (Remazol Black B, Erythrosine B, Neutral Red and Gentian Violet) were compared in order to evaluate chitin as a plausible replacement for chitosan considering its efficiency and lower cost. Both chitin and chitosan were used in the form of hydrogels. This allowed full compatibility with the ethanol release from tetraethoxysilane. The hybrid materials were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms and (13)C solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Adsorption experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models along with the evaluation of adsorption energy and standard free energy (ΔG(0)). The adsorption was observed to be pH dependent. The main mechanism of dye adsorption was found to be a spontaneous charge associated interaction, except for EB adsorption on chitin/SiO(2) matrix, which showed to involve a lower energy physical adsorption interaction. Aside from highly charged dyes the chitin containing matrix has similar or higher adsorption capacity than the chitosan one.     

Antibacterial mechanism of biogenic silver nanoparticles of Lactobacillus acidophilus

The development of reliable, eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a challenging issue in the current nanotechnology. In the present study, we reported an environmentally benign and rapid method for biogenesis of silver nanoparticles using Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus which acts both as reducing and capping agent. It was observed that the culture filtrate reduced silver ions into silver nanoparticles within 24 hrs of reaction time under room temperature. The UV–Vis spectrum shows the absorbance maximum at 434 nm, which is a characteristic of surface plasmon resonance of silver. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the nanoparticles were of face-centred cubic crystalline structure. The presence of stable spherical-shaped silver nanoparticles in the size range of 4–50 nm was determined using the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Further, these nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity towards Klebsiella pneumoniae. The mechanism of the silver nanoparticle bactericidal activity is discussed in terms of its interaction with the cell membrane of bacteria by causing cytolysis and leakage of proteins and carbohydrates.