Cu85Sn15粘结剂对铁基胎体抗弯性能的影响

为降低铁基粉末烧结温度和改善铁基胎体的力学性能,研究了Cu85Sn15粘结剂对铁基胎体抗弯强度的影响规律.采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察含Cu85Sn15铁基胎体T1的孔隙形貌、断口形貌和扩展路径,利用能谱分析(EDS)定性分析胎体T1的物相组成.结果表明,随着烧结温度升高,胎体T1的抗弯强度先升高后微降,在烧结温度为820~850℃时,胎体T1具有良好的强韧匹配;胎体T1断裂位置由颗粒界面向烧结颈、熔化的Cu85Sn15凝固组织转变.胎体T1孔隙的减少、致密度的增大是其强度提高的主要原因,Cu85Sn15合金软相的存在是其塑性提高的主要原因.     

烧结温度对FeCu基烧结胎体组织及性能的影响

为降低Fe基粉末的烧结温度,在Fe基粉末中添加一定比例的CuZnSnMnSi粘结剂粉末,研究了不同烧结温度下烧结胎体的组织及性能。结果表明,烧结胎体主要由Cu基固溶体、Fe基固溶体及(Mn,Si)_x·O_y相组成,随着烧结温度的升高,烧结胎体的相对密度先增大后减小,条带状(Mn,Si)_x·O_y相逐渐聚集长大成圆球状;随着烧结温度的升高,烧结胎体的抗弯强度先升高后降低,在烧结温度为750℃时,烧结胎体具有最大的平均抗弯强度684 MPa;烧结胎体的抗弯强度主要取决于相对密度和(Mn,Si)_x·O_y相,界面孔隙、条带状或大尺寸圆球状(Mn,Si)_x·O_y相的存在是抗弯强度降低的主要原因。     

铁基非晶粉末对金刚石工具胎体的影响

将不同质量分数（分别为0,5%,10%和15%）的铁基非晶粉末加入铁基预合金粉末胎体中,通过热压烧结制成胎体试样后,测试其洛氏硬度、抗弯强度及磨损率。当不添加非晶粉末时,普通胎体的洛氏硬度、抗弯强度和磨损率分别为104.6 HRB, 610 MPa和3.3;加入10%的非晶粉末后,其洛氏硬度和抗弯强度分别提高至107.7 HRB和965 MPa,比原胎体分别提高了3.0%和58.2%,磨损率降低至0.9,降低了72.7%;加入15%的非晶粉末后,其洛氏硬度和抗弯强度分别提高至110.0 HRB和790 MPa,分别提高了5.2%和29.5%,磨损率降低至0.6,降低了81.8%。因而铁基非晶粉末的加入可以显著提高胎体试样的机械性能和耐磨性。此外,铁基非晶粉末的DSC及XRD测试发现,在500～700℃时,铁基非晶粉末会产生晶体化相变,NiSi相中融入了B元素转化成NiSiB相,CrFe相中融入了Si元素形成SiCrFe相,都起到改善胎体结构、提高胎体性能的目的。     

Y2O3对铁基金刚石工具性能的影响

采用正交试验方法研究热压压力、烧结温度和Y₂O₃含量等3个因素对铁基胎体硬度、致密度、抗弯强度和断口微观形貌等的影响,并获得较优的烧结工艺参数。在此基础上,制备含Y₂O₃的铁基金刚石工具,并对其断口形貌、耐磨性和锋利度等进行检测及分析。结果表明:含Y₂O₃的铁基结合剂胎体,其相对密度和硬度的影响因素次序为Y₂O₃含量＞烧结温度＞热压压力,抗弯强度的影响因素次序为烧结温度＞Y₂O₃含量＞热压压力;且Y₂O₃能促进铁基金刚石胎体组织的致密化,降低其烧结温度。在烧结温度为780 ℃、热压压力为51 kN的较优烧结工艺下,适量的Y₂O₃能使金刚石工具的孔隙率减小、黏结状况改善,并增强黏结剂对金刚石磨粒的把持能力。      

粉末预合金化对金刚石工具胎体性能的影响

本文通过试验分析研究了铁基粉末预合金化对金刚石工具胎体硬度与抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:预合金粉末烧结温度较低,胎体在750 ℃即可得到高的烧结硬度,为106 HRB,在650 ℃～900 ℃的烧结温度区间内,硬度值变化仅小于4 HRB;而在相同的烧结温度下,相同组分的混合粉末的烧结硬度仅为94 HRB～98 HRB;当烧结温度低于800 ℃时,预合金粉末胎体抗弯强度低于混合粉末胎体;随着烧结温度的升高,二者差距缩小.预合金粉末胎体的最佳结烧结温度区间为750 ℃～850 ℃,在此范围内可得到讲最佳的硬度与抗弯强度匹配.     

P元素加入形式对铁基金刚石工具胎体组织性能的影响

以常用的CuP8,FeP24两种预合金粉作为研究对象,运用SEM,EDS,硬度和抗弯强度等研究分析手段,研究了以不同形式加入P元素对铁基金刚石工具胎体组织性能的影响. 结果表明,烧结后胎体组织由α-Fe、含铁固溶体(Cu)、Fe₃C化合物组成,加入FeP24的烧结胎体中还存在Fe₂P和FeP化合物. P元素加入形式对胎体性能影响显著,向胎体中加入CuP8,P元素几乎全部脱离CuP8进入铁基体,相比于加入FeP24的胎体,P元素分布更均匀,胎体硬度、抗弯强度等性能指标均有提高. FeP24在热压过程中会产生微裂纹,这些微裂纹可能成为基体的裂纹源而降低胎体的抗弯强度. 因此,选用CuP8预合金粉更有利于获得高性能铁基金刚石工具胎体.     

烧结压力对低液相Fe基预合金钻头胎体性能的影响

在烧结温度为950℃、保温时间为5 min及不同烧结压力条件下开展热压烧结试验，对比研究烧结压力对3种低液相Fe基预合金钻头胎体和1种传统Fe基钻头胎体性能的影响，具体包括胎体压入硬度、抗弯强度、致密度和金刚石包镶强度等力学性能，以及金刚石的热损伤情况和钻头胎体的微观组织结构与形貌特征等。结果表明：随着烧结压力增大，低液相空白胎体的压入硬度、抗弯强度和致密度逐渐增大，而传统Fe基空白胎体的压入硬度和抗弯强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，其致密度为增大趋势；对于含金刚石的胎体，低液相与传统Fe基胎体抗弯强度均随烧结压力增大而增大，当烧结压力为20 MPa时，继续增大压力，低液相含金刚石胎体的抗弯强度趋于稳定，而传统Fe基含金刚石胎体的抗弯强度略有下降。同时，随着烧结压力的增大，低液相胎体的均一性明显增强，但金刚石的热损伤加剧。综合胎体的力学性能与断口形貌特征，优选的烧结压力为20 MPa，此时的低液相Fe基预合金胎体硬度、抗弯强度可满足孕镶金刚石钻头需要。     

预合金粉含量对铁基胎体微观组织及性能的影响

研究添加2%、6%、10%和14%质量分数的CuZnSn预合金粉,对金刚石陶瓷磨边轮铁基胎体热压烧结组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响。结果表明:不添加预合金粉烧结的铁基胎体主要包括灰白色、浅灰色和深灰色3种组织,存在的物相主要为γ-Fe、(Cu, Sn)和(γ-Fe, Ni)固溶体以及Fe₄Cu₃、Cu₄₁Sn₁₁、Ni₄Sn等金属间化合物;加入预合金粉后,烧结工艺相同时,胎体中灰白色组织面积明显减少,浅灰色组织面积增加,深灰色组织面积变化不明显,除上述物相外,还出现了Cu_0.61Zn_0.39和CuZn₂物相。随着CuZnSn预合金粉含量增加,铁基胎体的致密度、硬度、抗弯强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,而磨损量则呈先减少后增加的趋势;在CuZnSn添加质量分数为6%时,分别达到最大值99.8%、104.4 HRB、947.2 MPa和最小值0.272 5 g。添加适量CuZnSn预合金粉可以增加铁基胎体的液相量,改善粉体流动性,提高胎体性能,添加过量则会降低其综合性能。      

预合金粉对金刚石复合体组织结构影响及机理分析

文中以热压烧结金刚石刀头胎体材料为研究对象,对比分析了添加不同比例的FCu14预合金粉对金刚石刀头孔隙率、硬度、抗剪强度、抗弯强度等性能的影响.结果表明,随着FCu14预合金粉含量的增加,胎体合金成分均匀化,微细的铁基胎体被铜基粘结相均匀地包围,减少了孔隙的存在.胎体的孔隙率明显降低,孔隙均匀细小,因而金刚石刀头胎体硬...     

铁基金刚石圆锯片胎体材料的研究

本文研究了烧结温度、不同化学组分对铁基胎体材料的影响规律。实验结果表明：烧结温度对铁基胎体的硬度和抗弯强度有较大的影响;适当增加ＷＣ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ的含量有利于提高胎体的机械性能;适量的Ｓｎ＆Ｚｎ,有利于在较低的温度下实现液相烧结。     

Fe基胎体中添加Zn粉后的金刚石磨边轮组织及性能

在金刚石磨边轮Fe基胎体中分别添加0,0.7％,2.1％,3.5％,4.9％质量分数的Zn粉,研究Zn粉添加量对金刚石磨边轮Fe基胎体的热压烧结组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响;在此基础上,研究Fe基胎体中添加0、2.1％、3.5％质量分数的Zn粉以及浓度为24％的金刚石后制成的3种金刚石节块的性能及对应的3种磨边轮的磨...     

Effect of Fe-based pre-alloyed powder on the microstructure and holding strength of impregnated diamond bit matrix

An iron-rich pre-alloyed powder was selected out, and the pre-alloying degree of matrix materials and the sintering temperature were considered to investigate the effect of the Fe-based pre-alloyed powder on the microstructure and holding strength of impregnated diamond bit matrix. And relative density and bending strength of the specimens were measured, and then the resulting fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results showed that the relative density, bending strength and plasticity of matrix materials are increased with the sintering temperature and the pre-alloying degree. The influence of the pre-alloying degree on them is more significant than that of the sintering temperature within the experimental parameters. Besides, Fe-based matrices have thermal corrosion effect on diamonds at high temperature sintering process. And the rate of diamond graphitization has a greatly increase with the sintering temperature changes from 900 °C to 1020 °C and the holding strength decreases. A low pre-alloying degree accelerates the rate of diamond graphitization. But an adequate pre-alloying degree of Fe-based matrix materials is conducive to improve the wettability of the matrix to diamonds, alleviate the diamond graphitization, reduce the diamonds' thermal damage and improve the holding strength. Besides, it can also greatly reduce the sintering temperature and broaden the sintering temperature range. In a word, it is feasible and reasonable that Fe-based pre-alloyed powders replace Fe elemental powders to fabricate impregnated diamond bits. And it has a good economic value and broad application prospect.     

The influence of powder characteristics on mechanical properties of Al2O3–TiC–Co ceramic materials prepared by Co‐coated Al2O3/TiC powders

Ultrafine Al₂O₃–TiC–Co (ATC) ceramic is prepared in order to improve the bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic materials. The ultrafine Co‐coated Al₂O₃ and TiC powders have been synthesized by electroless plating at room temperature, and the composite powders were sintered by hot‐pressing to compact ATC samples. The average bending strength, average hardness and average fracture toughness values of ATC ceramic with different particle sizes and Co contents were investigated. The toughening mechanism of the ultrafine ATC ceramic was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ceramic performance testing methods. The results show that the relative density, bending strength and fracture toughness values increase remarkably with the increase of Co content. The ultrafine grain of original powders is beneficial to improve the relative density, strength and toughness values of ATC ceramic. The Co phase hinders the growth of ATC ceramic grains during sintering. The Co phase forms a three‐dimensional mesh skeleton structure during sintering, improving the fracture toughness and strength of the composite ceramic.     

磷铁含量对高铁基胎体性能的影响

本文采用粉末冶金方法制备了高铁基胎体的金刚石工具。通过检测材料的硬度、密度、冲击韧性等性能考察了磷铁的加入量对高铁基胎体性能的影响。通过X衍射图、金相图等揭示了磷铁加入量对胎体微观结构变化的影响。结果表明:随着P-Fe含量的增加,胎体的相对密度增加,胎体硬度几乎呈直线上升,含3%磷铁的胎体硬度为HRB97,而含15%磷铁的胎体硬度达到了HRB113。而胎体的抗弯强度、冲击韧性随加入量的增大而减小。脆性的增加对提高胎体的切割性能有益。SEM观察结果表明:随P-Fe的加入量增大,胎体的断裂是脆性断裂为主的韧-脆断裂向脆性断裂过渡。     

纳米复合Al-Sn合金烧结中的组织和硬度变化

利用机械合金化制备纳米复合Al-Sn合金粉末,将其压制成型并烧结.运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜分析了纳米复合Al-Sn合金在烧结过程中的组织结构变化,测定了显微硬度.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,机械合金化制备的Al-Sn纳米复合结构长大.当烧结温度低于Al-Sn共晶温度时,Sn相分布均匀;当烧结温度超过Al-Sn共晶温度时,Sn相沿着粉末颗粒的周围呈网状分布,网状形态取决于球磨后的粉末颗粒尺寸.纳米复合Al-Sn合金的显微硬度随烧结温度的提高而降低,与传统的铸造方法相比,机械合金化方法显著强化了Al-Sn合金.     

莫来石纤维对氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

选用莫来石纤维为增强体,通过添加适量的烧结助剂,制备莫来石纤维增强氧化铝陶瓷基复合材料,探讨了不同烧结温度和不同纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响规律.结果表明:莫来石纤维增强氧化铝陶瓷基复合材料的相对密度、弯曲强度和断裂韧性随烧结温度和纤维含量的增加先增大后减小,当烧结温度为1450 ℃、纤维含量为15%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、断裂韧性最高,复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到502.36 MPa和3.48 MPa·m~(1/2),比基体材料分别提高63.8%和54.7%;相对密度达到98.41%.纤维的拔出和脱粘消耗了大量的能量,是莫来石纤维增强氧化铝陶瓷复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the in situ TiB-Ti metal-matrix composites synthesized by spark plasma sintering process

In situ synthesized TiB reinforced titanium matrix composites have been synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at 950-1250 °C, using mixtures of 15 wt% TiB₂ and 85 wt% Ti powders. The effects of the sintering temperature on densification behavior and mechanical properties of the TiB-Ti composites were investigated. The results indicated that with rising sintering temperatures, relative densities of the composites increase obviously, while the in situ TiB whiskers grow rapidly. As a result, bending strength of the TiB-Ti composites increases slowly at the combined actions of the factors referred above. Fracture toughness of the composites is improved remarkably due to the large volume fraction of Ti matrix, the crack deflection, pull-out and the micro-fracture of the needle-shaped TiB grains. The results also suggested that TiB-Ti composite sintered at 1250 °C by SPS process exhibits the highest relative density of 99.6% along with bending strength of 1161 MPa and fracture toughness of 13.5 MPa m^1/2.     

Mo-Si-B三元系中T2相合金制备及其室温力学性能

通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备T2(Mo5SiB2)相合金,并采用SEM、XRD及压痕、压缩和三点弯曲等实验对合金的微观组织和室温力学性能进行表征。结果表明:SPS法以独特的等离子活化烧结方式制备出纯度高、致密且晶粒细小的T2相合金。该合金在室温压缩下几乎没有塑性变形,抗压强度为2907MPa;维氏硬度为17.86GPa,压痕法测得的断裂韧性为3.23MPa·m1/2,与三点弯曲法测得的3.34MPa·m1/2接近,沿{001}面发生解理断裂。共价键交替排列,是T2相室温脆性、高强度、高硬度的根本原因。