源与负载感性交叉耦合的小型介质滤波器

为了提高滤波器的阻带衰减,研究了源与负载感性交叉耦合的小型介质滤波器。首次提出一种新概念：将源和负载看作准谐振器。以贴片电感作为源与负载之间、源与第二个谐振器之间的交叉耦合元件,两个准谐振器和两个介质谐振器可构成级联四节(CQ),一个准谐振器和两个介质谐振器可构成级联三节(CT)。分析了传输零点的位置,详细讨论了这种滤波器结构的设计方法。采用介电常数为80的介质陶瓷组装了3个两级介质滤波器,并进行测试,结果表明传输零点的个数和位置与仿真设计相符合。滤波器的体积小,均为14 mm×6.5 mm×10 mm。     

Novel coplanar-waveguide bandpass filters using loaded air-bridge enhanced capacitors and broadside-coupled transition structures for wideband spurious suppression

Novel inline coplanar-waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters composed of quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance resonators are proposed, using loaded air-bridge enhanced capacitors and broadside-coupled microstrip-to-CPW transition structures for both wideband spurious suppression and size miniaturization. First, by suitably designing the loaded capacitor implemented by enhancing the air bridges printed over the CPW structure and the resonator parameters, the lower order spurious passbands of the proposed filter may effectively be suppressed. Next, by adopting the broadside-coupled microstrip-to-CPW transitions as the fed structures to provide required input and output coupling capacitances and high attenuation level in the upper stopband, the filter with suppressed higher order spurious responses may be achieved. In this study, two second- and fourth-order inline bandpass filters with wide rejection band are implemented and thoughtfully examined. Specifically, the proposed second-order filter has its stopband extended up to 13.3f/sub 0/, where f/sub 0/ stands for the passband center frequency, and the fourth-order filter even possesses better stopband up to 19.04f/sub 0/ with a satisfactory rejection greater than 30 dB.     

Compact Ultra-Wideband Microstrip/Coplanar Waveguide Bandpass Filter

A novel ultra wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is presented, using a compact coupled microstrip/coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. The filter comprises of a single CPW quarter-wavelength resonator which is coupled to two microstrip open-circuited stubs on the other side of a common substrate. The two microstrip open-circuited stubs, which are about a quarter-wavelength long at the center frequency, can function as two resonators with associated coupling arrangement to the CPW. This forms a very compact three-pole filter. The proposed filter also exhibits a quasi-elliptic function response, with one finite-frequency transmission zero closer to each side of the passband. Thus, a high selectivity is achieved using a small number of resonators, which leads to low insertion loss and group delay across the passband. The performance is predicated using EM simulations and verified experimentally. The experimental filter shows a fractional bandwidth of 90% at a center frequency of 6.4GHz, with two observable transmission zeros (attenuation poles) at 1.95 and 10.36GHz, respectively. Furthermore, it has a very small size only amounting to 0.25 by 0.08 guided wavelength at the center frequency     

Microstrip Parallel-Coupled Filters With Cascade Trisection and Quadruplet Responses

Microstrip parallel-coupled filters with generalized Chebyshev responses are presented. The basic structure of the proposed filter is a conventional parallel-coupled filter of which the physical dimensions can be easily obtained by the well-known analytical method. With the aid of the equivalent circuit corresponding to a conventional parallel-coupled filter, the relative insertion phase from source or load to each open end of resonators can be easily obtained by observing the two-port admittance matrix. Applying the cross coupling from source or load to a proper nonadjacent resonator, a trisection or a quadruplet coupling scheme can be realized with prescribed transmission zeros. More importantly, the proposed trisection can be designed to have a transmission zero on the lower or upper stopband by just adjusting the length of the cross-coupling strip. Using the proposed structure, the conventional time-consuming adjusting procedure to obtain initial physical dimensions of filters is no longer required. In this paper, a fourth-order parallel-coupled filter is used as the basic structure to demonstrate various combinations of transmission zeros. Simulated and measured results are well matched.      

基于频率变换的双通带腔体滤波器的研究

该文基于频率变换的方法设计了两种结构的双通带的腔体滤波器,一种是通过谐振器之间直接耦合实现的;另一种是在谐振器之间引入交叉耦合实现的,从而达到产生传输零点的目的。首先根据设计指标,采用频率变换的方法,计算得到谐振器间的耦合系数和外部Q值,然后利用Ansoft HFSS建立同轴腔体滤波器的模型并进行仿真,仿真结果与ADS中等效电路得到的理论结果基本吻合,从而验证了这种方法的正确性。最后通过对级联型结构与交叉耦合型结构双通带腔体滤波器的比较,得出后者比前者具有更好的带外抑制特性。     

Generalized dual-plane multicoupled line filters

The authors describe the general realization of elliptic function narrow-bandpass filters constructed from two adjacent planes of microstrip quasi-TEM line resonators. This dual-plane configuration allows nonadjacent coupling to be realized through small slots between the planes. Alternate sign coupling is realized by the appropriate positioning of the slot along the resonator length. A model developed from H. Bethe's small-hole coupling theory (1944) is used to predict these couplings. Adjacent resonator couplings are modeled using a coupled-line analysis modified to characterize the coupling of an inhomogeneous medium. The filter synthesis technique previously developed for waveguide cavity filters can be directly applied in designing a dual-plane filter     

Compact Millimeter-wave filters using distributed capacitively loaded CPW resonators

In this paper, a method for reducing the size of coplanar-waveguide (CPW) resonators, used in the design of compact bandpass filters, is presented. This is accomplished by incorporating a distributed array of capacitive loads along a resonant CPW line. Design of a miniaturized bandpass filter using capacitively loaded CPW resonators, which are inductively coupled, is presented. Inductively coupled bandpass filters with the proposed capacitively loaded CPW line resonators are designed and a size reduction of 25%, compared with filters using a standard CPW line resonator, is demonstrated. It is shown that, through this size reduction, the insertion loss is minimally increased (<0.4 dB). A hybrid algorithm, combining the method of moments (MOM) and circuit simulation is used to facilitate design process. Few filters using this technique are designed, fabricated, and measured at W-band. An excellent agreement between the simulation and measurement responses of these filters is presented.     

Planar three-resonator bandpass filters with cross coupling

New designs of planar three-resonator bandpass filters with cross coupling having a large variety of frequency characteristics are considered. In addition to better one-sided selectivity, such filters implement symmetric amplitude–frequency characteristics with an attenuation pole at each side of the passband. These filters can also have constant delay time in the passband. Concatenation of the proposed three-resonator filters leads to multiresonator filters with high selectivity determined by two attenuation poles at each side of the passband. It is found that the type of connection of the middle resonator in the circuit of a three-resonator filter with cross coupling results in substantial differences in amplitude–frequency characteristics. The results of modeling of different frequency characteristics are presented. It is shown that filters have small dimensions, which are comparable to overall dimensions of microwave ceramic filters. For example, dimensions of a three-resonator stripline filter designed for a frequency of 1.9 GHz are 9.4 × 5 × 2 mm for the permittivity of the filter material ε_r = 92 and dimensions of a six-resonator filter are 10 × 9.4 × 2 mm.     

Modeling of symmetric composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguides with applications to compact bandpass filters

This study proposes an equivalent-circuit model for the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) comprising the series interdigital capacitor and shunt meandering short-circuited stub inductor in symmetric configuration. The new technique for extracting the equivalent-circuit elements of the CRLH CPW, which include inductances, capacitances, and resistances to represent the left-handed, right-handed, and lossy characteristics, is developed based on the effective medium concept. The applications to the compact resonators and filters are presented to emphasize the unique features of the CRLH CPW. A novel CRLH CPW resonator with a 0/spl deg/ effective electrical length at resonance is proposed, which gives a 49.1% size reduction when compared with the conventional half-wavelength resonator at 5 GHz. Based on the zeroth-order CRLH CPW resonators, an inductively coupled two-pole bandpass filter with 5.4% 3-dB bandwidth and 2.7-dB insertion loss at 5 GHz is implemented, and it is 51.4% more compact than the conventional structure. A good agreement among the results of the full-wave simulation, equivalent-circuit model, published data, and measurement demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed modeling technique. To suppress the higher order harmonic spurious passbands, the electromagnetic-bandgap CPW structures are incorporated into the proposed CRLH CPW filter.     

Compact microstrip bandpass filter with two transmission zeros using a stub-tapped half-wavelength line resonator

A compact microstrip bandpass filter is developed using a half-wavelength (/spl lambda//2) transmission line resonator with a pair of tap-connected open-ended stubs. Such paired stubs with total length of about /spl lambda//2 constructs an equivalent line resonator. Together with two separated /spl lambda//4 line resonators, the three transmission poles can be achieved inside the passband. Meanwhile, two stub lengths are adjusted slightly longer and shorter than /spl lambda//4 to realize the two transmission zeros at both low and high rejection bands. Further, the long tapped-stub is kept wider than its short counterpart to improve the low rejection behavior. A filter sample is designed and fabricated to provide an experimental verification on the proposed filter.     

Compact Bandpass Filters Based on Dual-Plane Microstrip/Coplanar-Waveguide Structure With Quarter-Wavelength Resonators

Compact wideband bandpass filters are proposed based on the dual-metal-plane structure consisting of both microstrip and coplanar-waveguide (CPW) quarter-wavelength resonators. By combining the advantages of dual-plane microstrip/CPW structure and stepped-impedance resonators, strong couplings between resonators may be accomplished so that the fourth-order cross-coupled filter with compact size and wide bandwidth may be realized. To further improve the selectivity, the sixth-order cross-coupled filter composed of four microstrip and two CPW resonators is implemented. Specifically, the implemented filters have the merits of compact size, good insertion/return losses, wide fractional bandwidth, and better selectivity. Good agreement between simulated and measured responses of these filters is demonstrated     

Miniature broadband bandpass filters using double-layer coupled stripline resonators

A novel double-layer coupled stripline resonator structure is introduced to realize miniature broadband bandpass filters. Filters with relative bandwidth up to 60% and size less than /spl lambda//8/spl times//spl lambda//8/spl times/h (/spl lambda/ is wavelength at the midband frequency; h is the substrate height, which is much smaller than /spl lambda//8) can be fulfilled using such resonators. Two possible filter configurations are proposed in this paper: combline and interdigital. The filter synthesis procedure follows the classical coupling matrix approach that generates very good initial responses. Optimization by the mode-matching method and fine tuning in Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator are combined to improve the filter performance. Two filter design examples are given to validate the feasibility. Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is employed to manufacture the filters. Experimental results of the two manufactured filters are presented. The effects of LTCC manufacturing procedure on the filter performance are also discussed.     

A novel coupling structure suitable for cross-coupled filters with folded quarter-wave resonators

A new class of coupling structure for cross-coupled filters with folded quarter-wave resonators is presented. The cross coupling mechanism is realized by magnetic coupling from the short ends of the resonator. The proposed magnetic coupling solves the problem of response limitation of folded quarter-wave resonator cross-coupled filters that were introduced previously using electrical cross coupling. Several quadruplet and trisection filters are proposed and fabricated. The measured results matched well with the theoretical prediction.     

A Compact Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter Based on Split-Mode Resonator

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is proposed based on the coplanar-waveguide (CPW) split-mode resonator. By suitably introducing a short-circuited stub to implement the shunt inductance between two quarter wavelength CPW stepped-impedance resonators, a strong magnetic coupling may be realized so that a CPW split-mode resonator may be constructed. Moreover, by properly designing the dual-metal-plane structure, one may accomplish a microstrip-to-CPW feeding mechanism to provide strong enough capacitive coupling for bandwidth enhancement and also introduce an extra electric coupling between input and output ports so that two transmission zeros may be created for selectivity improvement. The implemented UWB filter shows a fractional bandwidth of 116% and two transmission zeros at 1.705 and 11.39 GHz. Good agreement between simulated and measured responses is observed.     

基于非对称共地λ/4谐振器对的三频带滤波器设计

提出了一种全新的谐振器结构——非对称共地λ/4谐振器对.此谐振器对由一个4 UIR谐振器和λ/4 SIR谐振器通过共用一个接地通孔组合而成.其中SIR谐振器工作于2.4 GHz与5.2 GHz频段,UIR谐振器工作于3.6 GHz频段,据此设计制作了一个四级三频带切比雪夫型滤波器并进行了测试和仿真.结果表明,该滤波器的测试结果与仿真符合良好.利用此谐振器对设计的滤波器不仅体积大大减小,而且每个通带的位置及其耦合特性都能够独立调谐.     

A modified Chebyshev bandpass filter with attenuation poles in thestopband

This paper describes a design method of a modified Chebyshev bandpass filter with attenuation poles in the stopband. The insertion of attenuation poles into resonators in the authors' bandpass-filter design is accomplished by connecting a lumped inductor or capacitor in series with a shunt-type coaxial transmission-line resonator. The inserted poles which are distributed over the stopband can be chosen such that the insertion loss of the filter has equiripple characteristic and maximum attenuation in the stopband with the given number of attenuation poles. The modified Chebyshev bandpass filter designed by this method can be effectively used in diplexer design     

基于非对称共地λ/4谐振器对的三频带滤波器设计

提出了一种全新的谐振器结构——非对称共地λ/4谐振器对。此谐振器对由一个λ/4 UIR谐振器和λ/4 SIR谐振器通过共用一个接地通孔组合而成。其中SIR谐振器工作于2.4 GHz与5.2 GHz频段,UIR谐振器工作于3.6 GHz频段,据此设计制作了一个四级三频带切比雪夫型滤波器并进行了测试和仿真。结果表明,该滤波器的测试结果与仿真符合良好。利用此谐振器对设计的滤波器不仅体积大大减小,而且每个通带的位置及其耦合特性都能够独立调谐。     

Thin stripline bandpass filters for the centimeter band

This article considers the design of thin stripline (1 mm) bandpass filters in the centimeter band, which contain dielectrics with different relative permittivity ε _r . This includes the choice of the resonators, the dielectric material, the preliminary assessment of resonators’ unloaded quality factors and taking into account the features of the frequency response curve of the filter. It was found, that the passband width of the thin comb filters with λ/4 resonators and array-type filters with λ/2 resonators cannot exceed 6% for any values of ε _r and the length of resonators of at least 2 mm. The array-type filters with resonators of half-wave type and with alternating signs of the coupling factors between resonators were proposed. Under certain additional conditions, the attenuation poles appear in such filters, resulting in improved selectivity. The results of computer modelling of the frequency response curve of thin filters of cm band are presented. They are compared to the frequency response of other filters. The data obtained from computer modelling showed good correspondence with the experimental data.     

Compact Planar Quasi-Elliptic Function Filter With Inline Stepped-Impedance Resonators

Compact microstrip bandpass filters of orders N = 4,6, and 8 with quasi-elliptic function responses are synthesized with inline stepped-impedance resonators. The filters have enhanced transition responses since two transmission zeros are generated on both sides of the passband. Existence of these two zeros is investigated by formulating the Y-matrix of the equivalent circuit for the filter and taking adjacent and nonadjacent coupling into account. Some matrix elements Y_j,j+2 representing coupling between two nonadjacent resonators are shown to have the opposite signs in both the lower and upper sides of the center frequency. This property leads to creation of the two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. It is demonstrated that one more zero can be created in the rejection band by the tapped-line input/output scheme. Experimental circuits on substrates with epsiv_r = 2.2 and 10.2 are measured to validate the theory and design.     

Analysis of the coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in the designs of suspended-substrate filters

Expressions for the frequency-dependent coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in miniature designs of suspended-substrate filters are obtained. The effect of the design parameters of such filters on the coupling coefficients of their resonators is theoretically studied and frequency-selective properties of the device are analyzed. It is shown that interaction between resonators at frequencies of the filter passband is predominantly inductive in the presence of small capacitive interaction and the attenuation poles of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) observed beyond the passband are caused by the mutual cancellation of inductive and capacitive interactions. Frequency dependences of coupling coefficients can be used to explain features of the AFRs of suspended-substrate filters. It is shown that experimental AFRs agree well with theoretical AFRs calculated in quasi-static approximation with the use of 1D models.