Volatile Flavor Profile of Saskatchewan Grown Pulses as Affected by Different Thermal Processing Treatments

The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the volatile flavor composition of selected Saskatchewan grown pulses including navy beans, red kidney beans, green lentils, and yellow peas, and to determine the flavor changes induced by thermal processing. Flavor profile of roasted flours, ground roasted seeds, pre-cooked seeds, pre-cooked slurries, pre-cooked–freeze-dried, and pre-cooked–spray-dried flours was studied using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The highest total area count (p < 0.05) was found in navy bean and the lowest in red kidney bean. 3-Hexanol was the most abundant volatile flavor compound. Pre-cooking significantly reduced (p < 0.05) volatile compounds total area count by 61.75%, except for the red kidney bean and yellow pea, whereas roasting significantly increased (p < 0.05) total area count for navy bean and red kidney bean. Major differences observed in relative peak area for the same chemical family showed that volatile flavor compounds of pulses were significantly affected by type and processing conditions. Basic knowledge of the volatile profiles of pulses and the flavor changes occurred following different types of thermal processing, could ensure better quality control of raw materials and help product developers meet flavor-delivery challenges. The relevant information may also be of interest to relevant industries targeting specific pulse-based food product development.     

全麦面包的制作及其品质研究

参考美国FDA制定的全谷物食品标准,在小麦粉中添加不同数量的新鲜麦胚和麸皮制作全麦面包,通过对面包的体积、形态、口感等感官品质的评定分析,确定全谷物原料在全麦面包中的最适添加量。制作的全麦面包产品,香气和味道好于普通面包,内部结构和表面形态正常,口感稍有粗糙。     

鹰嘴豆与豌豆复合粉对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

将不同比例的鹰嘴豆、豌豆复合粉加入到小麦粉中,研究其对小麦面团粉质拉伸、糊化、质构特性以及对馒头感官评价的影响。研究结果表明,杂粮粉的添加量为4%~8%时,对面团的理化性质影响较小,而且能改善馒头的风味以及营养价值;当杂粮的添加量大于8%时,杂粮会弱化小麦面团中的面筋,影响馒头的品质及风味;因此,杂粮粉的添加量为4%~8%时,对馒头品质有一定的改善,馒头具备豆香风味,且富含膳食纤维,丰富馒头的营养成分,馒头的可接受性较高。     

藤茶感官特征定量描述分析与风味轮构建

采用感官定量描述分析法研究藤茶的感官风味特征,并绘制藤茶风味轮。研究结果表明,经培训的评茶小组确定了藤茶的5个外形描述词、5个汤色描述词、7个香气描述词、10个滋味描述词及其定义,之后通过方差分析(P<0.05)结合主成分分析(贡献率>80%),确定所列的27个藤茶感官描述词均可较好评价藤茶样品的感官品质,结合聚类分析进一步得出胶质感、鲜黄、草香、木香、槟榔香、花香、甘甜、回甘、清爽、刺喉感、粗钝感及生津是区分藤茶品质的主要感官特征属性,同时绘制出直观反映藤茶感官特征的风味轮。该研究为了解藤茶的风味品质及开发应用提供参考。     

Traditional Japanese confection overseas: Cultural difference and retronasal aroma affect flavor preference and umami perception

Food cultures differ among countries and regions. Yokan, a traditional Japanese confection, is culturally familiar to Japanese people but unfamiliar to Westerners. We investigated the effect of cultural differences and retronasal aroma on flavor preference for and taste perception of yokan among Japanese and German participants. As a control food, we also used the marshmallow, which is culturally familiar to both Japanese and German participants. Participants evaluated their preference for flavor as well as the intensity of the five basic taste qualities and retronasal aroma under the nostril-open and nostril-closed conditions. The retronasal aroma of a culturally familiar food significantly increased preference for flavor, whereas the retronasal aroma of a culturally unfamiliar food did not affect preference for flavor. Moreover, for all taste qualities, retronasal aroma induced a similar magnitude of taste enhancement between culturally familiar and unfamiliar foods, suggesting that cultural familiarity with a food does not affect taste perception. However, the retronasal aroma induced significantly greater umami enhancement in Japanese participants than in German participants, suggesting an effect of cultural familiarity with specific taste qualities on taste perception. These findings indicate that cultural differences and retronasal aroma affect flavor preference for and umami perception of food.     

不同工艺市售芝麻油的气味活性成分和感官品质差异分析

旨在为芝麻油企业提高其产品的香气品质提供参考,以我国市场上不同工艺的13个品牌畅销芝麻油产品为实验材料,利用溶剂辅助蒸发(SAFE)法萃取挥发性物质,气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱(GC-O-MS)法和感官评价比较其气味活性成分和感官品质差异。结果表明：低温压榨芝麻油的气味活性成分以醛类、烯烃和醇类为主,生芝麻味最强;石磨水代和高温压榨芝麻油的气味活性成分以美拉德反应杂环类产物为主,具有较强的炒芝麻味、炒坚果味和焦香味;石磨水代芝麻油的苯酚类物质含量最高,烟熏味最强;高温压榨芝麻油的苦味最强。综上,不同工艺的市售芝麻油气味活性成分和感官品质具有显著差异。     

基于PLSR鹰嘴豆蛋白美拉德风味肽最适底物的研究

本实验以鹰嘴豆蛋白为原料,通过双酶定向酶解制备一系列不同水解度(DH%)鹰嘴豆蛋白酶解液,以此为底物采用描述性感官分析(DSA)和气质联用技术(GC-MS)分析比较经模式美拉德反应体系制备所获得风味肽产品的风味特征,以期获得美拉德风味肽最适鹰嘴豆蛋白酶解体系。结果表明:由不同DH%鹰嘴豆蛋白酶解液为底物制备的美拉德风味肽产品在感官属性和形成的香气成分上呈现显著差异,当添加DH%为23.03%~26.02%的酶解液制得的美拉德风味肽其所形成的香气种类和数量相对较多,同时呈现明显的肉味、鲜味和较长的持续感。结合偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)对其香气物质、感官分析数据和电子鼻响应值进行相关性分析,进一步表明DH%为23.03%~26.02%的鹰嘴豆蛋白酶解液可作为风味肽产品热反应最适反应底物。     

猪肉马铃薯饼的开发研究

马铃薯和猪肉分属于植物性和动物性食物资源,两者产量大,且在营养上有一定的互补性。试验选择两者为主要原料,以感官评价为指标,对猪肉马铃薯饼的生产工艺进行了优化。结果表明:糯米淀粉质量分数为20%,白糖质量分数为10%,猪肉质量分数为20%,盐质量分数为1%时(以马铃薯质量分数为100%基料计),成品感官效果最佳。对比了糯米淀粉、玉米淀粉、变性淀粉三种淀粉,对成品感官影响不大,以糯米粉最优,变性淀粉成本最低。     

豌豆蛋白面包的制作工艺优化及其品质

为了拓宽豌豆蛋白的产品范围,满足食品营养多样化的需求,本文研制一种在传统面包中添加豌豆蛋白粉的新型面包。以小麦粉为主要原料,辅以豌豆蛋白粉、大豆油、鸡蛋、奶粉、糖、盐、酵母与黄油等辅料,研制豌豆蛋白面包。以感官评价为指标,运用单因素实验和响应面分析法优化了豌豆蛋白面包的制作工艺条件,并对其品质进行评价。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:豌豆蛋白粉添加量8%,酵母添加量1.5%,糖添加量8%,发酵时间60 min。此条件下制得的面包的感官评分为82分,水分含量35.8%,酸度值3.23,比容3.35 mL/g,持水性98.2%,口感得分20分,香味得分17分。因此,优化的工艺条件合理、可行,豌豆蛋白面包具有较好品质特性。     

分子感官科学技术在茶叶风味上的应用研究进展

分子感官科学是分析化学、感官鉴评科学多学科交叉的系统科学, 其主要内容是在分子水平上定性、定量地研究食品感官质量。分子感官科学技术主要包括感官评价和检测分析。茶叶风味主要是指香气和滋味, 本文针对分子感官科学技术在茶叶风味上的应用, 本文对分子感官科学技术中的香气提取物稀释分析法、气相色谱-质谱联用技术、气相色谱-嗅闻技术以及定量描述分析法、滋味稀释分析法、半舌测试法、偏好性测试法、高效液相色谱技术、液相色谱-质谱联用技术、核磁共振技术等在茶叶香气和滋味上的应用研究进行综述, 阐述了分子感官科学技术在茶叶感官质量分析中的重要意义。     

后鼻腔香气感知影响因素及其分析方法研究进展

后鼻腔香气感知是食品口腔加工过程中的一种重要感官体验,对消费者的食品感官享受、接受度以及行为学特征有重要影响。本文综述了遗传变异和饮食文化差异对香气认知和感知能力的影响;食品的基本性质和口腔加工生理参数对后鼻腔香气感知的影响;鼻气流和鼻腔生理结构对香气从口腔传递至后鼻腔的重要作用,并总结了后鼻腔香气检测和动态香气感官评价方法。后鼻腔香气感知与味觉、口腔触觉等多种感官存在跨模交互作用,明确后鼻腔香气感知机制对实现食品配方设计和口腔加工过程中风味感知的靶向调控有重要意义。