射频加热技术在食品工业中的应用

射频加热技术作为一种新型热加工技术,其在食品干燥、杀菌、杀虫、解冻等领域的潜力被广泛开发,并且在这些领域已有部分工业应用。文章综述了射频加热技术机理、在食品领域的应用以及射频加热过程的数学建模方法,指出了射频加热技术目前存在的加热不均匀性等问题及解决方案,并对未来研究的方向进行了展望。     

食品贮藏加工中玻璃态转变理论的初步探讨

本文从物理化学角度初步研究了玻璃态转变的基本理论。玻璃态转变温度Ｔｇ作为一个重要的食品工程物理参数，可以用来解释食品加工（如干燥、挤压、烘烤、冷冻）和贮藏中，食品发生的一系列变化。     

喷雾减压冷冻干燥法生产孜然精油微胶囊

介绍了喷雾减压冷冻干燥法生产孜然精油微胶囊的工艺技术，通过实验分别对壁材的选择组合、心材的填加量、均质压力次数及喷雾减压冷冻干燥法各项参数的研究，最终确定了最佳的工艺条件，微胶囊产品达到了预期的效果。     

Influences of pretreatment and drying methods on composition,micro/molecular structures and some health‐related functional characteristics of dietary fibre powder from orange pulp residues

Influences of pretreatment methods (washing, blanching, soaking in ethanol), drying methods (hot air‐drying, infrared‐drying, microwave‐drying) and drying temperature on selected characteristics of dietary fibre powder from orange pulp residues were investigated. Pretreatments improved the hydration properties, oil‐holding capacity and glucose dialysis retardation index, but led to losses of fibres, decreased α‐amylase inhibitory activity and aflatoxin B₁ adsorption capacity. Hydration properties, oil‐holding capacity and glucose uptake depended on the structure and porosity of the fibre, while the ability to inhibit α‐amylase and AFB₁ adsorption depended more on the content and molecular fingerprinting of the fibre. Drying condition did not significantly affect functional properties of the fibre, except for the ability to uptake glucose, inhibit α‐amylase and adsorb AFB₁ (P ≤ 0.05). Hot air‐drying at 60 °C resulted in fibre with the highest ability to decrease the rate of glucose and AFB₁ adsorption.     

液相色谱-质谱法测定保健食品乳清蛋白粉类中叶酸含量的前处理条件的优化

目的优化液相色谱质谱联用法测定保健食品乳清蛋白粉类中叶酸含量的前处理方法。方法样品经过前处理,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,经Agilent Eclipse XDB-phenyl柱分离,使用液质联用仪检测。对比各个前处理方法对实验结果的影响。结果高氯酸-碳酸钠法前处理后,能很好地净化乳清蛋白中的蛋白质,并对实验结果保持准确科学,方法的精密度相对标准偏差为4.5%,回收率为95.1%~103.6%,相对标准偏差为3.7%。结论采用高氯酸-碳酸钠法前处理方法能测定保健食品中乳清蛋白粉类叶酸的含量,操作简便、准确、重现性好,分离效果明显,保护实验仪器和降低耗材,确保实验结果的准确性。     

Characterisation of sparkling cider by the yeast type used in taking foam on the basis of polypeptide content and foam characteristics

This paper describes the characterisation of sparkling ciders from Asturias, northern Spain, by means of the analysis of their protein content and their foam characteristics. A capillary sieving electrophoretic method was used in the protein analysis to determine molecular mass and the Bradford method to determine total protein content. The foam parameters were measured using the Bikerman method.     

Bioactive components,ABTS radical scavenging capacity and physical stability of orange,yellow and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) powder processed by convection‐ or vacuum‐drying methods

This study aims to investigate the antioxidant properties and physical stability of convection‐ or vacuum‐dried orange, yellow and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) powder upon room temperature storage at different relative humidity (RH) of 33%, 43%, 54% and 75% for 25 days. Both convection and vacuum‐dried samples had lower total phenolic content (TPC), anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity compared to the fresh samples. Vacuum‐dried powder retained higher antioxidant activity than convection‐dried powder. Storage of the powder at high RH of 75% resulted in apparent clump formation, which was likely attributed to the decrease of glass transition temperature (T_g). In general, purple sweet potato powder contained the highest TPC (255.0 mg GAE 100 g DW^?1) and antioxidant activity (1924.0 μmol TEAC 100 g DW^?1), while orange powder had the highest beta‐carotene content (127.2 mg 100 g DW^?1). Vacuum‐dried sweet potato powder, which has relatively higher antioxidant activity, could be a potential functional ingredient or natural colourant for the food industry.     

基于RSM和GA-ANN优化超声-顶空气相色谱法测定植物油中六号溶剂残留量前处理条件

建立植物油中六号溶剂残留量的超声-顶空气相色谱(UV-HGC)分析方法。采用单因素实验考察超声功率、超声时间、超声温度对六号溶剂残留量检测的影响,并用响应面法(RSM)和遗传算法-人工神经网络(GA-ANN)对UV-HGC条件进行优化。结果表明:RSM和GA-ANN相对误差、决定系数(R²)分别为9. 15%、0. 891 4和5. 95%、0. 949 5,说明GA-ANN比RSM具有更强的预测和优化能力。采用GA-ANN优化获得UV-HGC最佳前处理条件为超声功率500 W、超声时间7 min、超声温度50℃。在最佳前处理条件下,植物油中的六号溶剂在9. 53～200 mg/kg质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0. 999 4,在低、中、高3个加标水平下,平均回收率分别为95. 5%、98. 6%、100. 4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3. 5%。方法的检出限(LOD)为1. 85mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为9. 53 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确,适用于植物油中六号溶剂残留量的检测。     

实时荧光PCR法和国标法检测乳粉中单增李斯特菌的比较研究

目的 提升实验室检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的速度和准确性。方法 依据《GBS4789.30-2016S食品安全国家标准S食品微生物学检验S单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》和能力验证作业指导书对食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌进行检测, 同时利用实时荧光PCR法对能力验证中的2个样品进行快速筛查,采用VITEK2 Compact30全自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定可疑菌落。结果 GB 4789.30国标法和实时荧光PCR快速筛查法检测,结果均为样品CODE:FC02220028单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌阳性, 样品CODE:FC02220098阴性。结论 本实验室参加了中国食品药品质量检定研究院组织的食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检测能力验证,取得了满意的结果。     

Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand consumer purchase behavior for organic vegetables in Brazil: The role of perceived health benefits,perceived sustainability benefits and perceived price

This study explores the factors that influence consumer purchase intention and behavior for organic vegetables in Brazil. A conceptual model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was developed. In addition to all standard relationships in the TPB, the candidate variables of perceived health benefits, perceived sustainability benefits, and perceived price were added to the TPB-based model. Attitude was expected to mediate the relation between perceived health benefits and intention and the relation between perceived sustainability benefits and intention. Perceived price was expected to moderate the relation between intention and behavior. An online survey was conducted, resulting in a sample size of 504 participants. Data were analyzed by partial-least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicate that intention and perceived behavioral control influence the purchase behavior for organic vegetables, with intention presenting the strongest impact on behavior. Attitude has the strongest impact on consumer intention to purchase organic vegetables, followed by perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. The results also indicate that attitude mediates the relations between perceived health benefits and intention and perceived sustainability benefits and intention. Perceived price moderates the relationship between intention and behavior. Based on the results, managerial implications are presented.     

Combination treatment of high-pressure and CaCl2 for the reduction of sodium content in chicken meat batters: effects on physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics

A combination of high-pressure processing (HPP, 200 MPa, 10 min) and CaCl₂ (0.2%, w/w) on the cooking loss (CL), expressible moisture (EM), textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and firmness) and sensory attributes of reduced-sodium (1.25% NaCl) chicken meat batters (RCMB) was investigated. The results revealed that combining HPP with CaCl₂ significantly decreased EM, elevated sensory properties and acted synergistically in reducing CL and improving hardness, chewiness and firmness, which enabled RCMB to obtain quality characteristics similar to those with high salt (2.5% NaCl) content. These changes brought about by combined HPP and CaCl₂ could be attributed to increased apparent viscosity and proportion of immobilised water, enhanced rheological (elastic) properties and a denser, homogeneous protein gel network with evenly dispersed small fat globules. It is interesting to take advantage of the synergy between moderate HPP and low concentrations of CaCl₂ to develop meat products with reduced sodium content.     

A quasi-chemical model for the growth and death of microorganisms in foods by non-thermal and high-pressure processing

Predictive microbial models generally rely on the growth of bacteria in laboratory broth to approximate the microbial growth kinetics expected to take place in actual foods under identical environmental conditions. Sigmoidal functions such as the Gompertz or logistics equation accurately model the typical microbial growth curve from the lag to the stationary phase and provide the mathematical basis for estimating parameters such as the maximum growth rate (MGR). Stationary phase data can begin to show a decline and make it difficult to discern which data to include in the analysis of the growth curve, a factor that influences the calculated values of the growth parameters. In contradistinction, the quasi-chemical kinetics model provides additional capabilities in microbial modelling and fits growth-death kinetics (all four phases of the microbial lifecycle continuously) for a general set of microorganisms in a variety of actual food substrates. The quasi-chemical model is differential equations (ODEs) that derives from a hypothetical four-step chemical mechanism involving an antagonistic metabolite (quorum sensing) and successfully fits the kinetics of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) in various foods (bread, turkey meat, ham and cheese) as functions of different hurdles (a_w, pH, temperature and anti-microbial lactate). The calculated value of the MGR depends on whether growth-death data or only growth data are used in the fitting procedure. The quasi-chemical kinetics model is also exploited for use with the novel food processing technology of high-pressure processing. The high-pressure inactivation kinetics of E. coli are explored in a model food system over the pressure (P) range of 207–345 MPa (30,000–50,000 psi) and the temperature (T) range of 30–50 °C. In relatively low combinations of P and T, the inactivation curves are non-linear and exhibit a shoulder prior to a more rapid rate of microbial destruction. In the higher P, T regime, the inactivation plots tend to be linear. In all cases, the quasi-chemical model successfully fit the linear and curvi-linear inactivation plots for E. coli in model food systems. The experimental data and the quasi-chemical mathematical model described herein are candidates for inclusion in ComBase, the developing database that combines data and models from the USDA Pathogen Modeling Program and the UK Food MicroModel.