大容量电力设备标准雷电冲击现场试验技术

随着电压等级的提高,气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(GIS)等电力设备电容量增大。现场耐压及绝缘试验作为GIS设备投运前的最后一道关口,是提高入网质量的重要保障。为此,结合国内外SF6间隙放电特性研究成果,发现极不均匀电场中SF6间隙工频或直流击穿电压随气压变化会出现"驼峰"现象,高气压下间隙击穿电压和电晕起始电压相近;随冲击电压波前时间增加,间隙放电电压升高可达10%~20%。解释了现行交流耐压与局部放电试验检测GIS绝缘缺陷的局限性,阐明了开展现场雷电冲击试验的必要性及其技术瓶颈,并分析了冲击电压检测绝缘缺陷的有效性。基于研制的新型紧凑型低电感冲击电压发生器,提出大容量电力设备标准雷电冲击现场试验技术,并在特高压南京站得到应用。此外,还从提高绝缘检测有效性出发,提出了现场耐压与绝缘检测试验改进方案。     

GIS设备交流耐压试验击穿放电快速定位技术

<正>1问题的提出交流耐压试验是规程中规定的GIS(封闭式组合电器)设备现场交接试验中不可缺少的项目,主要在新设备安装后进行。耐压试验能够发现GIS设备内部安装错误、绝缘缺陷、几何尺寸误差,以及在设备运输及安装现场调试过程中遗留异物等缺陷,通常认为是设备投运前最直接、最有效和最明显的试验方法,对于判断设备的绝缘水平,并且能否并入电网运行具有决定性的意义。在现场进行交流耐压试验时经常出现击穿放电,鉴于GIS设备的     

振荡型冲击电压下局部放电的检测及干扰分析

变压器及GIS等电气设备在投运前往往会经过长途运输、现场组装等环节,这些环节会对设备的绝缘产生潜在的损害,因此现场试验对于设备的安全运行具有重要作用。交流耐压试验及局部放电测量并不能发现设备所有的潜在缺陷,冲击耐压试验及局部放电测量则是对其的有效补充。振荡型冲击电压是一种适合设备现场使用的冲击电压波形,为了研究振荡型冲击电压下局部放电的检测及特性,文中构建了振荡型冲击电压下局部放电检测系统,分析了干扰的来源及干扰抑制措施。研究结果表明冲击电压发生器的干扰是局部放电测量系统的主要干扰源,冲击电压本身的位移电流及发生器球隙动作所产生的高频干扰会对局部放电的测量产生严重影响,采用高通滤波器和基于脉冲时域波形的等效时频分析,可以有效滤除干扰,实现振荡型冲击电压下局部放电的准确测量。     

1100 kV GIS设备振荡冲击试验电压下的波过程仿真计算研究

特高压GIS设备进行现场冲击耐压试验时,GIS内部在振荡冲击电压波作用下易发生电磁波折、反射,由此产生的电压波叠加后可能会高于标准要求的试验电压值从而危及GIS设备绝缘。为有效评估振荡冲击电压下GIS设备内部的过电压水平,优化GIS现场冲击电压试验方法。利用EMTP仿真计算软件,基于现场实际试验参数对GIS正常施加冲击耐压以及GIS发生闪络两种工况下的波过程开展了仿真计算分析,得到了GIS设备各节点的电压分布。结果表明,正常情况下对GIS施加振荡型冲击电压时,GIS各节点电压幅值差异较小,一旦发生内部闪络后,在截断电压波作用下,GIS支路末端电压会远超试验电压值进而引发二次闪络。针对该现象,根据仿真计算结果提出在试验回路中加入阻尼电阻的抑制措施,并结合现场实测进行验证。通过对仿真计算及现场实测结果的对比分析,大幅减少了现场冲击耐压试验次数,有效防止现场试验时过电压对GIS设备的损害,为今后开展1 100 k V GIS设备现场冲击电压试验提供了技术依据。     

GIS交流耐压试验及其案例分析

气体绝缘全封闭组合电器设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)安装后在投运前要进行交流耐压试验。论述了GIS交流耐压试验方法,并结合案例分析了交流耐压试验对发现GIS内部异常情况所起的作用。     

特高压GIS设备现场标准雷电冲击耐压试验技术的应用

气体绝缘金属封闭组合电器(GIS)在电力系统中应用广泛,其运行安全可靠对电力系统至关重要。现场雷电冲击耐压试验受制于设备体积和回路电感,难以在GIS变电站,尤其是特高压GIS变电站应用。本文分析了目前GIS设备冲击耐压试验现状,并从波形参数、电压极性和加压间隔时间等方面阐述了GIS设备冲击电压绝缘缺陷检出影响因素。基于研发的特高压GIS变电站现场冲击耐压试验用的可移动式气体绝缘标准雷电冲击试验成套设备,成功在1000 kV南京站和苏州站开展了现场标准雷电冲击耐压试验。     

特高压GIS现场雷电冲击试验电压台阶现象分析EI北大核心CSCD

随着电压等级的提高,气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear,GIS)的应用越来越广泛。为确保绝缘性能,GIS设备在入网前都要进行现场耐压及绝缘试验。雷电冲击耐压试验是GIS等高压电器设备现场试验必须进行的试验项目之一,但现场发现,雷电冲击耐压试验过程中存在波形畸变问题,在雷电波的上升沿会出现所谓的"台阶"现象。通过ATP-EMTP电磁暂态分析软件搭建试验系统模型,对电压波在特高压GIS负载内的传播过程进行了计算,并对出现台阶现象的原因进行了分析。结果表明,台阶现象是由负载的分布特性与各个电气环节间波阻抗的相互作用引起,高压引线与分支母线间节点处、分支母线末端集中性负载所产生的电压负反射是引起电压波形出现台阶的主要因素。根据以上研究,提出了存在台阶的试验电压波形波前时间的确定方法。     

现场交流谐振耐压试验技术

<正>现场交流谐振耐压试验运用串联谐振的原理,通过调节电感或改变电源输出频率,使回路中的感抗和容抗相等、达到谐振状态,获得试品两端的高电压。交流谐振耐压试验能够有效发现设备运输、安装过程中可能带来的绝缘缺陷隐患,是评估新投运、大修后GIL设备绝缘性能的重要方法,对于保障设备安全投运意义重大。     

220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆现场交流耐压试验

现场交流耐压试验是发现电缆运抵现场安装后存在绝缘缺陷的有效手段。介绍了对220kV电压等级交联聚乙烯电缆进行现场交流耐压试验时，影响交联电缆绝缘的主要因素。阐述了现场进行交流耐压试验的必要性和有效性。同时对现场交流耐压试验的设备-调频式串联谐振耐压试验装置的原理和参数特性作一介绍。     

特高压GIS现场雷电冲击试验电压台阶现象分析

随着电压等级的提高,气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear,GIS)的应用越来越广泛。为确保绝缘性能,GIS设备在入网前都要进行现场耐压及绝缘试验。雷电冲击耐压试验是GIS等高压电器设备现场试验必须进行的试验项目之一,但现场发现,雷电冲击耐压试验过程中存在波形畸变问题,在雷电波的上升沿会出现所谓的"台阶"现象。通过ATP-EMTP电磁暂态分析软件搭建试验系统模型,对电压波在特高压GIS负载内的传播过程进行了计算,并对出现台阶现象的原因进行了分析。结果表明,台阶现象是由负载的分布特性与各个电气环节间波阻抗的相互作用引起,高压引线与分支母线间节点处、分支母线末端集中性负载所产生的电压负反射是引起电压波形出现台阶的主要因素。根据以上研究,提出了存在台阶的试验电压波形波前时间的确定方法。     

Evaluation of Breakdown Characteristics of Gas Insulated Switchgears for Non-Standard Lightning Impulse Waveforms - Breakdown Characteristics for Non-Standard Lightning Impulse Waveforms Associated with Lightning Surges

To lower the insulation specifications (specifically, the lightning impulse withstand voltage) of a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and thus cut the equipment cost while maintaining the high reliability of its insulation performance, it is necessary to define in an organized way the insulation characteristics for non-standard lightning impulse voltage waveforms that represent actual surge waveforms in the field and compare them with the characteristics for the standard lightning impulse waveform quantitatively. In the preceding paper, lightning surge waveforms and disconnector switching surge waveforms at UHV, 500 kV, and 275 kV substations were analyzed and five to six non-standard lightning surge waveforms with basic frequencies of 0.6 to 5.0 MHz were identified. In this paper, the dielectric breakdown voltage - time characteristics were measured under several different conditions mainly for the quasi-uniform SF₆ gas gaps that represent an insulation element of a GIS toward four kinds of non-standard lightning impulse waveforms associated with lightning surges. As a result, in the tested range, the dielectric breakdown values for nonstandard lightning impulse waveforms were higher than for the standard lightning impulse waveform by 3% to 32%.     

SF6气体分解产物检测技术及其在GIS设备故障诊断中的应用

通过检测GIS设备中SF6气体分解产物对设备内部绝缘进行故障诊断和状态评估,具有抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高等特点,正在被应用于设备现场检测分析.笔者分析了SF6分解产物不同检测方法的特点,选用适合现场检测的方法和仪器,对耐压试验后的设备进行气体成分分析,根据SF6分解产物的组分及体积分数进行设备的状态评价和故障诊断.     

Insulation properties and degradation mechanism of insulating spacers in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for repeated/long voltage application

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) has been increasingly being used in recent years and high reliability and rational insulation design are required. This research provided V-N characteristics (the dielectric breakdown voltage versus number of repetitions characteristics) regarding the internal insulation and creeping insulation of the epoxy spacer, which are the main insulation elements of GIS, in order to help set LIWV (lightning impulse withstand voltage) and SIWV (switching impulse withstand voltage). The insulation strength decreased the most when the lighting impulse voltage was applied to internal insulation of the spacer, however, taking the absolute values into consideration, it turned out that the impact of frequent surges is slight. In the experiment in which alternating current voltage is applied for a long period of time, it was found that there is no decline in the insulation properties even after the voltage is applied for the equivalent of 30 years when the electric field intensity is 12 kVrms/mm or less although the combination with the multiple lightning impulse application may bring about damages to the spacer insulation. The degradation mechanism caused by generation of micro-pits was also understood through simultaneous microscopic observation of the surface and of the interface between the electrode and epoxy     

Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms - analysis and generation circuit of non-standard lightning impulse waveforms in actual field

To lower the insulation specifications (specifically, the lightning impulse withstand voltage) of a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and thus cut the equipment cost while maintaining the high reliability of its insulation performance, it is necessary to define in an organized way the insulation characteristics for non-standard lightning impulse voltage waveforms that represent actual surge waveforms in the field and compare them with the characteristics for the standard lightning impulse waveform quantitatively. In this paper, first, lightning surge waveforms and disconnector switching surge waveforms at UHV, 500 kV, and 275 kV substations were analyzed and five non-standard lightning surge waveforms with basic frequencies of 0.6 to 5.0 MHz were identified. Next, high-voltage circuits that generate these non-standard lightning surge waveforms were designed and constituted using EMTP (electro magnetic transients program) based on a circuit with a gap, inductors, and resistors connected in series and resistors and capacitors connected in parallel. Further, circuits were actually constructed, to obtain voltage waveforms approximately equal to those designed. Finally, the dielectric breakdown voltage-time characteristics were measured under several different conditions for the quasi-uniform SF₆ gas gap that represents an insulation element of a GIS. As a result, it was found that, in the tested range, the dielectric breakdown values for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms were higher than for the standard lightning impulse waveform by 6% to 32%     

110 kV三相共筒式GIS同频同相交流耐压试验中隔离开关断口击穿特性仿真分析

同频同相交流耐压试验技术因无需母线全停,现已在220 kV GIS设备检修或扩建后的绝缘性能试验中得到了广泛应用.然而,110 kV变电站普遍采用三相共筒式GIS设备,由于相间紧凑布置,在对三工位隔离开关进行耐压试验时,隔离开关断口击穿风险较大,这将给系统供电可靠性带来极大影响.使用EMTP-ATP仿真软件搭建了同频同...     

Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms - method for converting non-standard lightning impulse waveforms into standard lightning impulse waveforms -

To lower the lightning impulse withstand voltage of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) while maintaining the high reliability of its insulation performance, it is important to define in an organized way the insulation characteristics for non-standard lightning impulse voltage waveforms that represent actual surge waveforms in the field and compare them with the characteristics for the standard lightning impulse waveform quantitatively. In the preceding researches, lightning surge waveforms and disconnector switching surge waveforms at UHV, 500 kV, and 275 kV substations were analyzed and five to six kinds of non-standard lightning impulse waveforms with basic frequencies of 0.6 to 5.0 MHz were identified. Then, the dielectric breakdown voltage ? time characteristics were measured under several different conditions on the quasi-uniform SF6 gas gaps and partly the coneshaped insulating spacers that represent insulation elements of GIS for six kinds of nonstandard lightning impulse waveforms. In this paper, the resultant breakdown voltages were evaluated in terms of the overvoltage duration, which led to their formulation in a unified way. On the basis of these insulation characteristics and their unified formulation, the paper investigated a method for converting non-standard lightning impulse waveforms into standard lightning impulse waveforms with equivalent stress for the insulation. When the constructed algorithm was applied to five examples of representative two type waveforms in the lightning surge time region, they were converted into standard lightning impulse waveforms with crest values reduced by 20% to 34%, suggesting potentiality for reduction of lightning impulse insulation specifications of GIS.     

1000 kV特高压电力变压器绝缘水平及试验技术

中国1 000 kV交流特高压系统绝缘配合不是对 500 kV系统的简单放大,也并未完全依照GB311.1-1997或IEC60071-1-1993标准,是在优化原则下研究确定的。变压器绝缘水平为：雷电冲击耐压2 250 kV、操作冲击耐压 1 800 kV、工频耐压1 100 kV(5 min)。由于特高压变压器各绕组绝缘水平及绝缘试验电压要求不同,而变压器各绕组是通过电磁耦合紧密联系的,工频和操作冲击试验电压在各绕组间按变比传递,因此势必造成有些线端绝缘设计不能按其技术规范所规定的试验电压来考核。此外,特高压电力变压器电压高、容量大、尺寸超大,试验回路尺寸也相应扩大,杂散电感、电容影响也更加突出。这将造成雷电冲击试验电压波形的波头时间拉长,而设计计算一般按照标准波头进行。因此,在特高压变压器绝缘设计中,应关注长波头试验电压的影响。文中详细介绍了中国1 000 kV交流特高压工程用电力变压器的结构特点、绝缘水平及绝缘试验中的特殊问题。     

工频–雷电冲击叠加电压检测GIS金属尖刺缺陷有效性研究

气体绝缘封闭式组合开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)在电力系统具有广泛应用,GIS运行过程中金属尖刺缺陷严重威胁其绝缘可靠性。然而,高电压等级下金属尖刺缺陷难以被传统现场试验检出。该文提出工频-雷电冲击叠加电压检测法。首先构建工频-雷电冲击叠加电压实验研究平台,针对工频-雷电冲击叠加电压下金属尖刺缺陷放电特性进行研究,继而研究工频-雷电冲击叠加电压检测金属尖刺缺陷方法有效性。结果表明:当交流电压(UAC)大于起晕电压时,同极性叠加导致击穿电压(Us)增大,反极性叠加导致Us减小。叠加相位对Us的影响稍滞后于工频波形。随不均匀度增加,曲线平台期缩短直至消失。在交流电压135°叠加负极性雷电冲击电压,GIS金属尖刺缺陷放电电压最低,外施电压较雷电冲击试验下降24.9%,可以有效检出缺陷。     

1000kV交流输变电工程设备的外绝缘特性

针对晋东南—荆门百万伏级交流输变电示范工程,研究了交流输变电设备空气间隙的工频、操作和雷电冲击电压放电特性,典型分裂耐热扩径软导(母)线及分裂导线、管型母线基于不同空气间隙的工频、操作及雷电冲击电压特性及高海拔对绝缘子污耐压的影响。通过这些真型试验研究,获得了我国特高压技术研究的基础试验数据,其研究成果可为特高压工程建设提供设计参考依据。