威百亩在黄瓜和土壤中的残留分析方法

建立了威百亩在黄瓜和土壤中的残留分析方法。样品中威百亩加热转化为异硫氰酸甲酯,通过气相色谱测定异硫氰酸甲酯质量分数,折算出样品中威百亩质量分数。结果表明:异硫氰酸甲酯线性范围为0.05~10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 8;威百亩在黄瓜及土壤样品中的平均回收率为78%~93%,变异系数为0.80%~5.42%。方法符合农药残留检测要求。     

32.7%威百亩水剂防除烟草苗床杂草

威百亩 (ｍｅｔｈａｍ)是兼有除草和杀菌作用的硫代异硫氰酸甲酯类杀线虫剂 ,在湿土中能徐徐分解产生异硫氰酸甲酯 ,此气体与体内阴性活性点结合而呈杀线虫、杀菌及杀草等作用 ,常作为土壤熏蒸剂防除苗床杂草 ,我们于 1 998年进行了 32 .7%威百亩水剂防除烟草苗床杂草试验 ,以明确其除草效果和对烟草的安全性 ,为生产应用提供科学依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验概况试验于山东省农科院植保所试验田进行 ,试验苗床平整 ,肥力均匀 ,土壤质地为壤土 ,土壤有机质含量为 1 .3% ,ｐＨ值为 7 2～ 7.3,烟草品种为ＮＣ89,5月 2 1日播种 ,5ｃｍ地温为 …     

EU部长们考虑在EU审查中的有效成分

欧盟委员会已经要求蜀部长们对6个有效成分的重新登记作出决定。该行动是在今年初EU食品链与动物保健常设委员会对这些有效成分的命运不能取得一致意见之后。委员会仅建议重新登记这些有效成分中的一个,杀菌剂氟醚唑。它推荐撤消杀虫剂／杀螨剂联苯菊酯、杀菌剂唑菌嗪（triazox—ide）、熏蒸剂威百亩、植物生长调节剂二苯胺和用作杀虫剂的4个类型的石蜡油。     

欧盟现农药有效成分批准再申请热

<正>更多的公司再次向欧盟提交农药有效成分许可申请,其中包括Taminco公司的薰剂威百亩,拜耳作物科学公司的杀菌剂咪唑嗪,SePRO Europe的植物生长调节剂呋嘧醇。     

35%威百亩水剂对人参田杂草的防除效果及安全性

[目的]通过田间药效试验明确35%威百亩水剂对人参田杂草的防除效果和安全性,为威百亩在人参上的登记使用提供理论依据。[方法]通过2年2地田间试验,测定35%威百亩水剂不同施药剂量下进行土壤熏蒸对人参的安全性和除草效果。[结果]35%威百亩水剂在制剂用药量30、60、90 m L/m~2时,对一年生杂草鸭趾草、小飞蓬、藜、稗草、蓼株平均总体防效为73.48%～90.09%,鲜重总体防效为76.12%～95.57%,在试验剂量下未观察到药害发生。[结论]35%威百亩水剂在试验剂量下对人参生长安全,能够有效防除人参田杂草,可以用于人参田苗床杂草的防除。     

霜霉威盐酸盐防治黄瓜霜霉病试验

小区试验每公顷用霜霉威盐酸盐有效成分６００克，８００克，１０００克，发病初期叶面喷雾，对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果为６９．９－８２．３％，显著优于三乙膦酸铝每公顷有效成分２２５０克。大面积示范每公顷用霜霉威盐酸盐有效成分８００克，防效达７９．６％，增收黄瓜４４９４０公斤。     

威百亩对烟草漂浮苗干根中烟草花叶病毒的失活效果

为了评价威百亩用于烟草漂浮育苗旧苗盘残存物中烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的消毒效果,采用枯斑寄主和烟草品种K326接种方法,测定了威百亩熏蒸对烟草漂浮苗花叶病株干根中TMV的失活效果。结果表明,32.7%威百亩水剂16.7g/L溶液浸湿后熏蒸2～7d,对病苗干根中TMV的枯斑抑制率为84.0%～100%,对病苗干根中TMV的失活效果高,但有时不能完全失活。三抗体夹心法和试纸条检测结果表明,威百亩熏蒸8h～7d后,不能有效破坏病苗干根中TMV抗原。威百亩可用于无烟草花叶病毒病发病史的旧苗盘和漂浮育苗棚群场地、池膜消毒。     

硫菌霉威防治黄瓜灭霉病试验

作者通过菌霉威防治黄瓜灰霉病试验结果表明，以亩用硫菌霉威有效成分60克，80克，于发病初期，加水60公斤喷雾，间隔10天喷一次，共喷4次，防治黄瓜果实，叶部灰霉病效果显著，优于甲基硫菌灵和乙霉威的防病效果，而且对黄瓜安全，大田防治示范证明，亩用硫菌霉威60克，加水60公斤喷雾4次，防治黄瓜果实灰霉病效果达81．4－88．5％，亩增产黄瓜434．6－748．2公斤，保产效果比较显著。     

不同熏蒸剂复配对生姜田土传病害的防控及产量的影响

[目的]明确不同熏蒸剂复配对生姜土传病害的田间防治效果和产量的影响,实现土壤熏蒸剂的高效使用。[方法]以氯化苦、威百亩、氯化苦+二甲基二硫、氯化苦+威百亩、氯化苦+二甲基二硫+威百亩等作为处理药剂,进行田间药效试验。[结果]不同熏蒸剂处理均能有效防控土传病害,并提高产量。氯化苦+二甲基二硫+威百亩对土传病害防效均显著高于其他处理,为99.00%～100%,生姜长势最好,死苗率最低,在0.00%～12.50%之间,产量较对照增加42.09%～448.47%。其次为二元复配氯化苦+二甲基二硫和氯化苦+威百亩,防效为78.66%～99.88%,生姜长势较前者稍差,死苗率在1.11%～15.00%之间,增产25.44%～424.31%。单剂氯化苦和威百亩处理后防效和增产效果与以上处理相比较差,死苗率较高,分别为73.12%～96.64%、6.09%～329.60%和1.69%～20.45%。[结论]通过不同熏蒸剂复配使用,为生姜土传病害的有效防治和生姜生产提供理论依据和科学防治方法。     

6种药剂对山药种薯短体线虫的防治效果

[目的]筛选防治山药种薯短体线虫病的药剂。[方法]通过室内浸种和田间药效试验,比较6种药剂对种薯内线虫的活性。[结果]10%噻唑膦颗粒剂、42%威百亩水剂、20%辣根素水剂和8%三唑磷微乳剂对山药种薯内线虫防效均达95%以上;噻唑膦和三唑磷对山药种薯出苗无影响,而威百亩和辣根素严重影响山药种薯出苗。噻唑膦和三唑磷田间对山药短体线虫的平均防治效果分别为80.70%和79.76%。[结论]10%噻唑膦颗粒剂和8%三唑磷微乳剂能有效防治山药短体线虫,可在生产实践上推广应用。     

Folgeprodukte aus Sulfonamiden. VI. Darstellung und Cyclisierung von N-Allyl-N′-arylsulfonyl-thioharnstoffen

Consecutive Products of Sulphonamides. VI. Synthesis and Cyclization of N-Allyl-N′-arylsulphonyl-thioureas N-Allyl-N′-arylsulphonyl-thioureas 3a–e are synthesized by addition reaction of substituted arensulphonamides 2a–e and allylisothiocyanate 1 . The thioureas 3a–e react with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid or bromine in chloroform to 2-(arylsulphonylimino)-5-methyl-(or bromomethyl)thiazolidines 8a-j . The mechanism of reaction and the structures are discussed by means of i.r., m.s. and ¹H-n.m.r. data.     

Effectiveness of different phosphatic fertilizers measured using labelled superphosphate and phosphorus taken up by plants

The agronomic effectiveness of three P fertilizers (diamonium phosphate, rock phosphate and compost) was studied in a greenhouse experiment using wheat. A radioisotopic method, using triple superphosphate labelled with³²P, was used to evaluate the P in dried tops that was derived from i) the soil, ii) labelled superphosphate and iii) the fertilizer being studied.The ratio between P uptake from each fertilizer and P uptake from the soil was used to compare the effectiveness of the different fertilizers. P derived from diammonium phosphate was greater than P derived from the soil, except in one soil. P derived from rock phosphate was always lower than P derived from the soil. The effectiveness of compost depended on soil type. Compost can produce two kind of effects: i) a direct P contribution and ii) an indirect effect improving P uptake from the soil. The radioisotopic method can be used to study the effectiveness of fertilizers even when there are no differences in yield.     

喹啉铜在西瓜和土壤中残留及消解动态

[目的]为评价50%多抗·喹啉铜可湿性粉剂在西瓜上使用安全性。[方法]利用超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器(UPLC-PDA)对山东和浙江2年2地的西瓜和土壤中的喹啉铜残留消解动态及最终残留进行了测定和研究。用高剂量喹啉铜562.5 g a.i./hm^2喷施后2 h,1、3、5、7、10、14、21 d取样进行西瓜和土壤残留消解动态测定。用喹啉铜375、562.5 g a.i./hm^2分别喷施3次和4次,喷药后5、7、10 d取样进行全瓜、瓜肉和土壤最终残留测定。[结果]50%多抗·喹啉铜在西瓜和土壤中的消解动态曲线均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为1.1~2.5、1.4~2.3 d,最终残留试验结果表明当喹啉铜施药量为375、562.5 g a.i./hm^2,施药次数为3次和4次时,距最后1次施药7 d后喹啉铜在西瓜全瓜、瓜肉和土壤的残留量均<0.20 mg/kg。[结论]50%多抗·喹啉铜可湿性粉剂属于易降解农药,在结果初期开始施用,施药剂量不高于562.5 g a.i./hm^2,次数不多于4次,施药间隔不小于5 d,西瓜上建议采收安全间隔期为7 d。试验为喹啉铜在西瓜上安全使用提供了理论依据。     

Spatiotemporal variations in soil CO2 fluxes under a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Most studies on soil CO2 fluxes focus on the upper soil layers (i.e., 0–200&nbsp;mm); however, there is a lack of investigation into soil layers below...     

微生物法处理石油污染土壤的研究进展

石油产品是海洋和陆地上广泛存在的水和土壤污染物。石油污染土壤问题一直受到国内外学者关注。相比于其他修复技术,生物修复是一种很有前途的土壤污染处理技术,微生物易获取,且不存在二次污染,生物修复以其优良的特性逐渐成为研究热点。概述微生物法处理土壤污染的原理、影响因素及修复用微生物特性与驯化研究的进展。     

Cultivation reduces fertilizer residual effectiveness and affects soil testing for available phosphorus

The agronomic effectiveness of superphosphate and two rock phosphates that had been applied once only to the soil surface 8 to 12 years previously was measured in a field experiment with oats on a lateritic soil in south-western Australia. The soil was either undisturbed or cultivated with a rotary hoe before sowing. The rock phosphates were Christmas Island C-grade ore (C-ore, a calcium ironaluminium rock phosphate), and C-ore calcined (heated) at about 500°C (Calciphos).Cultivation reduced the effectiveness for all three fertilizers by 20 to 50%. The effectiveness of phosphorus (P) applied as superphosphate decreased with increasing period from time of application whereas the effectiveness of the rock phosphates increased but they were always much less effective than superphosphate.The relationship between grain yield and P concentration of plant tissue (i.e. the internal efficiency of P use curve) was similar regardless of fertilizer type, year of application of fertilizer, and whether or not the soil was cultivated. Thus differences in fertilizer residual effectiveness were solely due to the amount of P taken up by the plants.Values of bicarbonate-soluble P (i.e. soil test for P values) for superphosphate treated soil were reduced by about 20 to 25% when the fertilizer was incorporated into the soil whereas for the rock phosphate treated soils the values were little affected by cultivation. The relationship between yield and soil test for P values varied depending on cultivation treatment and fertilizer.We conclude that cultivation decreases the effectiveness of residual fertilizer P and that cultivation and fertilizer type influence the accuracy of yield prediction from soil test values.     

免耕玉米田化学除草新混剂使用技术

通过对免耕玉米田不同除草剂使用方法和用量的研究表明,田间若以禾本科杂草为主可用单剂防治,若禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草混生以使用混剂为好,且采用土壤处理法防效最佳。49.2%烟·乙·莠WP茎叶处理最佳用量为1476～2214ga.i./hm2;63%烟·莠WP最佳用量为756～945ga.i./hm2;施药时期为玉米4～6叶期,杂草2～4叶期。49.2%烟·乙·莠WP土壤处理最佳用量为738～1107ga.i./hm2;48%乙·莠SC用量为1440ga.i./hm2。     

The effect of long-term phosphatic fertiliser applications on the amounts and forms of cadmium in soils under pasture in New Zealand

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the rate of Cd accumulation and changes in forms of Cd in a soil that has been subjected to long-term superphosphate fertiliser application. Results indicate that there had been a significant accumulation of Cd in the soil during the past 44 years. On the high fertiliser treatment (376 kg superphosphate ha^-1 yr^-1), Cd was estimated to have accumulated at a rate of 7.8 g ha^-1 yr^-1. During the course of the trial, there was an increase in the proportion of Cd associated with exchangeable and soil organic matter fractions on the fertilised plots, which was related to a corresponding increase in soil organic carbon levels. Results also indicate that although there was a large proportion of added Cd associated with the organic fraction, the concentration of applied Cd occurring in the residual fraction was also substantial (i.e >25% of added Cd). In addition, an investigation into the effects of residence time of Cd in the soil indicated that there was a redistribution of Cd into less soluble forms with time (i.e. residual Cd), along with a decrease in total soil Cd concentrations. There was also evidence of movement of Cd down the soil profile in this irrigated soil. The implications of these results for Cd phytoavailability are discussed.