共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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甲壳素具有许多独特的性质,但不能溶于常规溶剂,极大地限制了其广泛应用,提高其溶解性成为迫切需要解决的问题。对甲壳素和浓NaOH混合物进行反复冻融处理,慢速冷冻/低温解冻的冻融循环处理过程中冰晶的反复形成和重结晶作用,能够破坏甲壳素凝聚态特别是晶态结构,促使甲壳素溶于一定浓度的NaOH溶液中。探讨了冻融次数、冷冻温度、NaOH浓度和甲壳素与溶剂的比例分别对溶解性的影响。结果表明,-18℃、40%NaOH(甲壳素∶水=1∶4,W/V)经过3次冻融循环处理,可以形成均一、透明的甲壳素均相溶液,甲壳素终浓度约为4%,NaOH终浓度约为10%,为用均相脱乙酰法制备半脱乙酰水溶性甲壳素提供前提。结果表明,冻融循环处理能显著降低甲壳素分子内和分子间强氢键相互作用,破坏甲壳素分子致密的晶体结构,使分子结构紊乱,从而为制备水溶性甲壳素提供了可能。 相似文献
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甲壳素和质量浓度45%的NaOH溶液按料液比1∶10充分混匀,分别在-18℃和-35℃下冷冻处理,研究碱-冷冻处理对甲壳素凝聚态结构的影响。采用酸碱滴定法测定样品的脱乙酰度,X-射线衍射、红外光谱和差示扫描量热分析研究经冷冻后样品聚集态结构的变化情况。结构分析结果表明,慢速冷冻过程中,冰晶的形成和生长能够破坏分子内/分子间氢键相互作用,使有序的分子结构紊乱,破坏致密的晶体结构,使甲壳素结晶度下降。但是这种结晶结构的破坏作用是不稳定的、可逆的。尽管如此,碱-冷冻处理仍可以作为一种有效的甲壳素化学修饰前处理手段,能够明显加快反应速率而不影响甲壳素分子链主体结构。 相似文献
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甲壳素纤维的性能及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甲壳素作为一种新型的纤维材料,已被广泛地应用到医药、纺织、食品、化工等多个领域。本文介绍了甲壳素纤维的制备、性能及其产品的开发和应用。 相似文献
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本文研究了发酵法和乙酸结合酸性蛋白酶(酶法)提取甲壳素过程中蛋白酶活力对灰分脱除的影响,并进一步比较了酶法、发酵法和化学法提取的甲壳素的性质差别。研究结果表明:蛋白酶可促进甲壳素中灰分的脱除。酶法和发酵法甲壳素各项指标均很接近,但与化学法甲壳素有一定差异。其中,酶法和发酵法甲壳素中蛋白质含量分别为5.80%和5.91%、灰分含量分别为1.08%和1.02%、结晶度分别为85.8%和86.4%及溶液黏度分别为57 m Pa·s和59 m Pa·s均明显高于化学法甲壳素,而化学法甲壳素中蛋白质含量为1.24%,灰分含量为0.23%,结晶度为79.8%及溶液黏度为48 m Pa·s;而前二种甲壳素的脱乙酰度低于化学法提取的甲壳素。以上说明酶法和发酵法对甲壳素分子的降解和脱乙酰作用以及结晶结构的破坏均较小。 相似文献
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Effects of alkaline treatment on the structure of phosphorylated wheat starch and its digestibility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phosphorylated wheat starch (PWS) was prepared with sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate (99/1, w/w), and the modified starch gave 88.8% total dietary fibre by the Prosky method and 68.7% resistant starch (RS) by the Englyst method. The stability of the phosphate esters in aqueous sodium hydroxide was investigated and related to total dietary fibre and RS contents. The phosphorylated starch was slurried (40%, w/w) at 40 °C for 4 h at pH 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, and 12.0. The phosphorus content of the PWS decreased from 0.37% to 0.29% after treatment at pH 12.0, whereas only a slight decrease in phosphorus content occurred after treatments at pH 9.0–11.0. Despite the 22% decrease in total phosphorus content, total dietary fibre content and RS content of the alkali-treated PWS changed only slightly. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that after the alkali treatment at pH 12.0, cyclic monostarch monophosphate and monostarch diphosphate were not detectable and that the level of total monostarch monophosphate decreased from 0.077% to 0.067%. Conversely, distarch monophosphate increased from 0.17% to 0.20%, of ≈18%. The increase in distarch monophosphate (cross-linking) content after alkali treatment at pH 12.0 probably explained the retention of total dietary fibre and RS contents in the alkali-treated PWS. 相似文献
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Burke IT Boothman C Lloyd JR Mortimer RJ Livens FR Morris K 《Environmental science & technology》2005,39(11):4109-4116
Technetium is a significant radioactive contaminant from nuclear fuel cycle operations. It is highly mobile in its oxic form (as Tc(VII)O4-) but is scavenged to sediments in its reduced forms (predominantly Tc(IV)). Here we examine the behavior of Tc at low concentrations and as microbial anoxia develops in sediment microcosms. A cascade of stable-element terminal-electron-accepting processes developed in microcosms due to indigenous microbial activity. TcO4- removal from solution occurred during active microbial Fe(III) reduction, which generated Fe(II) in the sediments and was complete before sulfate reduction began. Microbial community analysis revealed a similar and complex microbial population at all three sample sites. At the intermediate salinity site, PauII, a broad range of NO3-, Mn(IV), Fe(III), and SO4(2-) reducers were present in sediments including microbes with the potential to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II), although no differences in the microbial population were discerned as anoxia developed. When sterilized sediments were incubated with pure cultures of NO3(-)-, Fe(III)-, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, TcO4- removal occurred during active Fe(III) reduction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that TcO4- removal was due to reduction to hydrous Tc(IV)O2 in Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing estuarine sediments. 相似文献
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纤维素/甲壳素共混液的流变性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨影响不同配比纤维素 甲壳素黄原酸酯共混溶液流变性能的因素 ,如溶液浓度、温度对共混溶液非牛顿指数、结构粘度指数、零切粘度等的影响。甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液、纤维素黄原酸酯溶液、不同配比的共混溶液均属于非牛顿流体 ,非牛顿指数随溶液温度的升高而增大 ,结构粘度随溶液温度升高而减小。在所研究的温度范围内 ,升高原液温度有利于改善其流变性。对于不同配比的共混溶液 ,所选的适宜原液温度各不相同。 相似文献
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分析了在不同NaOH溶液浓度、处理时间、碱液温度条件下,羊毛纤维与金属纤维的溶解度。试验得到羊毛纤维的碱解溶度随NaOH溶液浓度增加,随处理温度的升高及处理时间的增大而明显增大,而金属纤维的碱解溶度变化很小。羊毛和金属纤维按照一定重量比例混合,然后放入浓度为5%的NaOH溶液中沸煮,处理后金属纤维含量减小0.28%。 相似文献
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用碱液处理花生,检测压榨花生油中的黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的含量及花生油质量指标。研究表明:碱液处理花生对脱除花生油中黄曲霉毒素B_1具有良好的效果。采用碱液pH 13. 40、碱液加入量10%的条件处理四级花生15 min,压榨花生油中AFB_1脱除率达93. 3%,采用p H 13. 44、碱液加入量7. 5%的条件处理三级花生25 min,压榨花生油中AFB_1脱除率达98. 0%。碱液处理对花生油的酸价有一定影响但在标准规定范围内,对过氧化值、碘值及脂肪酸组成无确定影响关系。 相似文献