纳米TiO2光催化条件对乙烯降解性能的影响

目的 研究光源、乙烯初始浓度等反应条件对纳米TiO2光催化降解乙烯气体的影响,为纳米TiO2脱除乙烯的实际应用提供参考。方法 向密闭反应器中加入纳米TiO2和乙烯气体,在室温下稳定后,设置光源和光照强度,对反应器进行照射,利用气相色谱法检测乙烯的浓度,计算乙烯的降解率;研究紫外光波长、光强度、乙烯初始浓度、纳米TiO2添加量对乙烯降解效率的影响。结果 在254 nm的紫外光照射下,乙烯的降解率最大,反应2 h后,降解率高达95.92%;光源距离越短,光强度越高,当光强度大于28.00 W/cm2时,乙烯降解率随光强度的增加急剧上升;乙烯的降解率随着乙烯初始浓度的增大而降低;TiO2添加量在0.05~0.5 g内时,乙烯的降解率随着纳米TiO2添加量的增加而增大,并随着时间的延长逐渐趋于稳定。结论 紫外光波长越短,光强度越高;乙烯初始浓度越低,纳米TiO2的添加量越多,乙烯的降解率越大。     

TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2/膨胀石墨光催化剂,用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征,研究了该负载型光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力,探讨了在催化剂中TiO2的负载量、亚甲基兰溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响.结果发现,负载量为10%的光催化剂对40mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58.8%.     

Fe、N共掺杂改性TiO2/AC复合光催化剂的制备及气相污染物降解性能

采用Sol-gel法制备了Fe、N离子共掺杂改性TiO₂/AC复合光催化剂,利用SEM、XRD、UV-Vis分光光度计对其结构及性能进行了表征。通过对气相甲苯、丙酮和甲醛的光催化降解实验,系统评价了离子掺杂量、抑制剂种类、TiO₂负载量、污染物起始浓度、污染物种类和催化剂循环使用次数对其性能的影响。结果表明,TiO₂以颗粒状镶嵌在AC孔隙内,且主要以锐钛矿相存在,Fe、N离子共掺杂实现了催化剂的可见光响应;确定最佳催化剂制备工艺为Fe、N离子共掺杂量8%、HAc为抑制剂、TiO₂负载量20%。催化剂对甲苯的降解率随起始浓度的增加而增加;催化剂对甲苯和丙酮的降解率较高（约为90%）,对甲醛的降解率较低（约为35%）;循环使用6次后,对甲苯的降解率仍高于P-25（商业纳米TiO₂）。     

活性炭负载N掺杂可见光型TiO2-xNy/AC光催化剂的制备及性能研究

将活性炭负载与N掺杂有效结合,采用酸催化水解法在粉状活性炭(AC)表面合成TiO2前驱体,在NH3/N2气氛中程序升温处理制得N掺杂TiC2-xNy/AC(TON/AC)光催化剂.以苯酚为模型物,考查了TON/AC紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下催化活性以及分离性能、使用寿命.采用XPS、XRD、DRS、FTIR,SEM、低温氮物理吸附对光催化剂的表面特征,吸光特性、晶相结构等进行表征.结果表明,N以阴离子形式进入TiO2体相并置换晶格中的O,适量N掺杂的TON/AC在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下均表现出较高的活性.N掺杂在TiO2表面生成Ti-O-N键,形成新的能级结构,使催化剂的吸收红移至450～550nm,诱发TiO2可见光催化活性. AC负载可降低TiO2团聚体的尺寸,增加催化剂比表面积,为光催化降解提供高浓度环境,从而提高光催化效率同时还可改善催化剂分离性能,提高催化剂使用寿命.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Fe_2O_3光催化降解含酚废水

采用固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3为光催化剂,苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了pH值、苯酚初始浓度、催化剂投加量、光照距离、光照时间、助催化剂H2O2对光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量5g/L,光照距离11cm,光照时间为150min,降解率达61.29%,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60min,苯酚降解率达到85.12%。     

纳米TiO_2/电气石光催化性能的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/电气石复合光催化剂,比较了纯TiO2、电气石粉体和复合催化剂的催化活性,并且从负载次数、活性大红溶液初始浓度方面进行了研究.结果表明,复合催化剂对活性大红有一定的降解作用,4g/L复合催化剂投入到初始浓度为20mg/L、体积为30mL的活性大红溶液中,紫外灯照射4h后,降解率可达到72.3%.     

钢渣负载TiO2光催化降解苯酚研究

以钢渣为载体,工业钛液为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备钢渣负载TiO2光催化剂,通过SEM对该催化剂进行表征,以苯酚为目标物考察了钢渣负载TiO2光催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,该催化剂在紫外光照射下光催化性能较优,向100mL浓度为40mg/L的苯酚溶液中加入10g/L催化剂,苯酚的降解率可达78.3%。适当增加负载次数有助于提高光催化性能,当负载次数为3次时,苯酚的光催化降解率可达86.7%。     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化材料的研究

活性炭(AC)及活性炭纤维(ACF)作为光催化剂载体具有较高的比表面积和较强的吸附性能,可以有效提高负载型光催化剂TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF对有机污染物的光催化降解效率.首先介绍了TiO2光催化剂的结构特性以及各种掺杂改性方法,对负载型TiO2/AC及TiO2/ACF光催化剂的各种制备方法进行了详细评述.在此基础上,讨论了影响有机污染物光催化降解性能的重要因素,指出了负载型TiO2光催化材料研究中有待解决的问题和发展方向.     

硫掺杂二氧化钛负载硅藻土复合光催化剂光降解苯酚的研究

以硅藻土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶-低温烧结法制备了硫掺杂二氧化钛负载型微孔-介孔结构复合光催化剂.物相分析表明TiO2-xSx样品为纯的锐钛矿相,TiO2包覆在硅藻土载体表面形成了复合结构.紫外-可见漫反射谱图显示S掺杂后的TiO2-xSx(350℃)样品吸收带边发生了明显的红移,负载型复合光催化剂显示出比TiO2-xSx样品更强的可见光吸收性能.当复合光催化剂中硅藻土的负载量为30%(质量分数)、硫的掺杂量为0.03%(摩尔分数)时,以氙灯为辐照光源,光催化苯酚溶液的降解率最高.在pH=5.83、催化剂用量为2g/L、初始质量浓度为10mg/L的条件下,苯酚在光照2h后降解率达到85%.催化剂重复使用4次后,苯酚的降解率仍在80%以上.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化活性影响因素的研究

以苯酚为模拟污染物,考察了不同晶型、溶液初始pH值、反应物初始浓度、氧气的协同作用对TiO2悬浮体系光催化活性的影响;并将TiO2负载到活性炭纤维上,制备了固定体系的TiO2/ACF复合催化剂.结果表明,具有混晶结构的P25降解速率比纯锐钛矿TiO2快;溶液pH=6及苯酚初始浓度为150 mg/L时,降解速度最快;通入氧气,可以提高催化剂活性;光催化降解苯酚表明,TiO2/ACF复合催化剂具有较好的光催化活性.     

TiO2/活性炭复合体超临界沉淀法制备及其光催化性能

以活性炭为载体、超临界二氧化碳为流体、钛酸丁酯为前驱体,用超临界流体沉积法制备TiO2/活性炭（TiO2/AC）复合体。用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积分析（BET）、热重-差热（TG-DTA）对TiO2/AC进行表征。以紫外灯为光源,偶氮类染料亚甲基蓝为标准降解物,考察TiO2/AC复合体的光催化...     

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by a microwave assisted photocatalysis method

In this work, the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) under simultaneous microwave assisted UV (electrodeless discharge lamp) photocatalysis technique (MW/UV/TiO2) was investigated. Several factors affecting the degradation of 4CP by MW/UV/TiO2 method, such as the dosage of photocatalysts, the initial pH value of the solutions, gas bubbling, light intensity and addition of H2O2 oxidant, were studied in detail. The synergistic effects between microwave irradiation and TiO2 photocatalysis were also studied. The major intermediates were found to be chlorobenzene, phenol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone and 4-chlorocatechol. Based on the results, a general reaction pathway for the degradation of 4CP was proposed.     

Degradation of n-butyl benzyl phthalate using TiO2/UV

n-Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) has been classified as endocrine disrupting compound and priority pollutant. Effects of TiO(2) dosage, pH, initial BBP concentration and co-existing substances on the degradation of BBP by TiO(2)/UV process were investigated. The optimal TiO(2) dosage and pH value for the BBP degradation were 2.0gL(-1) and 7.0, respectively. The degradation rate of BBP by TiO(2)/UV process could be fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effects of co-existing substances on the degradation rate of BBP revealed that some anions (such as BrO(3)(-), ClO(4)(-) and Cr(2)O(7)(2-)) could enhance BBP degradation, and other anions would restrain BBP degradation. The sequence of inhibition was PO(4)(3-)>CO(3)(2-)>NO(3)(-)>SO(4)(2-)>Cl(-). The cations K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) had the restrained effect on the BBP degradation, and the effect of Ca(2+) was the strongest among four cations tested. The organic compounds acetone and methanol decreased the degradation rate of BBP. The major intermediates of BBP degradation were identified as mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate and phthalic acid, and a primary degradation mechanism was proposed.     

Photocatalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate with TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method

TiO(2) was prepared by a hydrothermal method at a low temperature and used to degrade and mineralize dimethyl phthalate (DMP). TiO(2) was characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and UV-vis techniques. The characteristics of TiO(2) prepared by a hydrothermal method (h-t TiO(2)) included a good crystalline anatase phase, greater surface area, stronger absorption to UV light wavelength and lower agglomeration than TiO(2) prepared by a classic sol-gel method (s-g TiO(2)). The photocatalytic activity of h-t TiO(2) prepared under optimal hydrothermal condition (180°C for 10h) was 2.5 times higher than that of s-g TiO(2) in degrading DMP. The process of photocatalysis combined with UV irradiation and ozonation (TiO(2)/UV/O(3)) considerably improved the mineralization and degradation of DMP compared to photocatalysis combined with UV irradiation (TiO(2)/UV), ozonation combined with UV irradiation (UV/O(3)), and ozonation alone (O(3)). A kinetic study showed the mineralization in TiO(2)/UV/O(3) followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.     

Photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces using TiO(2) under UV light

The photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYRE) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on soil surfaces in the presence of TiO(2) using ultraviolet (UV) light source was investigated in a photo chamber, in which the temperature was maintained 30 degrees C. The effects of various factors, namely TiO(2), soil pH, humic acid, and UV wavelength, on the degradation performance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. The results show that photocatalytic degradation of PAHs follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Catalyst TiO(2) accelerated the photodegradation of PHE, PYRE and BaP significantly, with their half-lives being reduced from 533.15 to 130.77h, 630.09 to 192.53h and 363.22 to 103.26h, respectively, when the TiO(2) content was 0.5%. In acidic or alkaline conditions, the photocatalytic degradation rates of the PAHs were greater than those in neutral conditions. Humic acid significantly enhanced the PAH photocatalytic degradation by sensitizing radicals capable of oxidizing PAHs. Photocatalytic degradation rates of PYRE and BaP on soil surfaces with 2% TiO(2) were different at UV irradiation wavelengths of 254, 310 and 365nm, respectively. The synergistic effect of UV irradiation and TiO(2) catalysis was efficient for degradation of PAHs in contaminated soil.     

掺银二氧化钛纳米带的制备及其光催化性能研究

TiO2纳米带作为一种纳米光催化剂用于污水处理中时,能克服TiO2纳米颗粒不易分离同收等困难,对其进行贵金属掺杂,可提高其光催化活性.本研究以价格低廉的钛白粉为原料,采用水热法制备了掺银的TiO2纳米带,并运用XRD,SEM和EDS等对所制备的样品进行表征,进行了光催化降解甲基橙反应,考察了纳米带中的掺银量,煅烧温度等条件对降解甲基橙反应的影响.结果表明,当TiO2纳米带掺银量为0.1%(质量分数,下同),焙烧温度为700℃,催化剂用量为0.05g,室温下用15W紫外灯光照180min时,掺银的TiO2纳米带对甲基橙的降解率可达98.51%,较掺杂前提高了22%左右.     

TiO2／膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研穷

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2／膨胀石墨光催化剂，用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征，研究了光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力，探讨了目标降解物溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响。结果发现，负载量为10％的光催化剂对40mg／L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58．83％，甲基橙为51．12％。     

Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: parameter study and reaction pathways

The photocatalytic degradation of terbufos in aqueous suspensions was investigated by using titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as a photocatalyst. About 99% of terbufos was degraded after UV irradiation for 90 min. Factors such as pH of the system, TiO(2) dosage, and presence of anions were found to influence the degradation rate. Photodegradation of terbufos by TiO(2)/UV exhibited pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and a reaction quantum yield of 0.289. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of terbufos was calculated and showed that a moderated efficiency (E(EO)=71 kWh/(m(3)order)) was obtained in TiO(2)/UV process. To obtain a better understanding of the mechanistic details of this TiO(2)-assisted photodegradation of terbufos with UV irradiation, the intermediates of the processes were separated, identified, and characterized by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed.     

锐钛矿型银掺杂二氧化钛紫外光及模拟太阳光光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸银为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同浓度Ag掺杂TiO2光催化剂。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)及荧光光谱(PL)等测试方法对样品晶体结构、表面形貌、化学成分和光学性质进行表征。以罗丹明B溶液(RhB)为目标降解物,分别采用汞灯与氙灯为光源,研究xAg-TiO2(x=1%,2%,4%,6%,原子分数)光催化剂在紫外光和模拟太阳光照射下的光催化活性。结果表明:Ag的加入降低了光生电子空穴的复合率,增加了对模拟太阳光的吸收,紫外光以及模拟太阳光的光催化活性均得到提升。1%Ag-TiO2表现出最好的光催化活性,在紫外光及模拟太阳光下对RhB的降解率分别为91%与89%,是纯TiO2的1.18倍和1.24倍,反应速率常数k分别为0.01257 min^-1和0.01150 min^-1,是纯TiO2的1.49倍和1.74倍。