纯涤纶织物阻燃整理探讨（I）——高温高压整理法

本文探讨了含Ｐ、Ｃｌ的阻燃剂ＴＣＥＰ对于纯绦纶织物的阻燃整理工艺，采用高温高压整理法阻燃整理织物，用垂直燃烧法、氧指数法、织物含Ｐ量、皂洗牢度测试阻燃效果，提出了最佳整理工艺，同时探讨了乳液稳定性问题。热分析结果进一步证实了所选工艺的正确性。     

纯涤纶织物阻燃整理探讨（Ⅱ）——热溶整理法

织物的阻燃是纺织领域的一个重要课题，本文探讨了含Ｐ、Ｃｌ的阻燃剂ＴＣＥＰ应用于纯涤纶织物的阻燃整理工艺。采用热溶整理法对织物进行阻燃整理，用垂直燃烧法，氧指数法，织物含Ｐ量、皂洗牢度测试阻燃效果，提出了最佳整理工艺，热分析结果进一步证实了所选工艺的正确性。     

磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯在涤丝纺上的阻燃研究

为了提高织物的阻燃性能,采用磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯（PU）整理涤丝纺织物,用TG、DSC和氧指数仪等研究整理后织物的热稳定性和阻燃性能,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对织物燃烧后的炭层进行分析.实验结果表明：与未阻燃整理织物相比,织物用PU整理后降低了起始分解温度,提高了高温下的热稳定性,分解温度范围变宽.阻燃整理织物的极限氧指...     

棉织物磷-硅协效阻燃整理工艺研究

利用含磷硅的阻燃剂对棉织物进行阻燃整理，由于磷-硅协同效应可使整理后织物获得较好的耐久性阻燃效果。本文对棉织物磷-硅协效阻燃整理工艺进行了研究，并对影响阻燃效果的各种因素进行了探讨。     

磷氮系水基型纤维阻燃剂

以磷酸、碳酸胍为原料,制备了磷酸胍(磷酸一胍和磷酸二胍)阻燃剂,研究了其合成条件,并确定了最佳的比例(碳酸胍与磷酸的物质的量比为1∶1.65),pH值为7.4,用红外光谱确定了其结构.另用硼酸、钼酸钾作为消烟剂,辅以柔顺剂、渗透剂复配成可用于织物的水基型防火液.用其对纯棉面料进行阻燃整理,通过极限氧指数LOI、扫描电镜SEM、热重分析进行测试,结果表明,经该防火液整理后纯棉织物的LOI由19.5提升至36.2,达到难燃B1级.过火织物纤维表面发泡明显,热失重速率明显下降,放热强度降低,成炭明显增加,阻燃效果明显.最后探讨了其膨胀阻燃的机理.     

双DOPO结构化合物的合成及对PET织物阻燃性能与机理

为提高对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)织物的阻燃抗熔滴性能,以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和对二甲醛(TDCA)合成了一种双DOPO结构的磷系阻燃剂(TDCA-DOPO),将其与三聚氰胺(MEL)复配,然后采用聚氨酯作为涂层剂,得到阻燃涂层剂用于PET织物阻燃。结果表明,当两种阻燃剂的质量比为2∶1,总添加量为20%时,极限氧指数提高到28.5%,在垂直燃烧试验中,阻燃涂层抑制了PET织物燃烧时熔滴滴落现象。SEM和EDS的结果显示,阻燃涂层在PET织物上均匀分布。从氮气气氛中的热重分析来看,阻燃PET织物在较高温度区的残炭率由6.5%增加到11.7%。残炭的SEM结果显示阻燃涂层促进PET织物形成膨胀性炭层。根据热裂解气相色谱、残炭的Raman 和 XPS数据分析结果,复合阻燃涂层在气相上生成含磷碎片与不可燃气体,并促进PET织物形成膨胀致密的炭层,同时具有气相与凝聚相阻燃效果。本研究内容可为PET阻燃抗熔滴剂的开发提供指导。     

多层织物系统综合热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物系统的综合热防护性能.将耐高温阻燃织物Nomex、Kermel和芳砜纶织物与PTFE、TPU和三维阻燃间隔织物组合,模拟消防服的层次构成,通过垂直燃烧实验测试分析了外层织物的阻燃性能,通过TPP(热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能)实验测试分析了多层织物系统的综合热防护性能.研究得出:热防护性最大的织物组合是芳砜纶、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布;最适宜用于消防服的织物组合是NomexⅢ A、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布;可将三维阻燃间隔织物用于消防服结构组成中,有助于减轻消防员的热负荷.     

相变微胶囊调温织物的制备及其热性能研究

为了研制一种具有蓄热调温功能的织物,采用原位聚合法制备了以正十八烷为芯材,以三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素树脂为壁材的相变材料微胶囊。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究微胶囊的表面形态和储热性能。采用干法涂层工艺将不同质量分数的相变微胶囊整理到丙纶SMS复合织物上,并对其进行外貌、热性能及蓄热调温性能测试。研究结果表明:相变微胶囊表面光滑平整,熔融热焓为228.1J/g。整理后的复合织物表面附着有微胶囊,织物的熔融热焓值随着整理液中微胶囊含量的增加而增大,且降温速率明显减缓,具有良好的蓄热调温功效。     

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及对棉织物的整理与应用EI北大核心CSCD

采用乳液聚合法合成了含氟丙烯酸酯乳液(FP),并结合溶胶凝胶法制得的SiO_2,通过浸渍-固化法涂覆到棉织物上,成功制备了具有超疏水性能的棉织物。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、粒度分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析及接触角(CA)等测试手段研究了高聚物的结构形貌和热稳定性,讨论了摩擦及皂洗对织物疏水性的影响,随后考察了织物在整理前后的防紫外性能、白度、透气性、折皱回复角及断裂强力等性能的变化。结果表明,FP及SiO_2/FP整理后的棉织物均具备超疏水能力,且SiO_2/FP整理织物(CA=157°)比FP整理织物(CA=153°)的疏水性好,说明硅溶胶先对棉纤维表面进行粗糙化处理再附载FP提高了其疏水性。经多次水洗或摩擦后织物仍能保持较好的疏水效果,而且整理前后棉织物物理力学性能变化不大,不会影响棉织物的服用性能。     

磷酸锆与磷酸三苯酯复配阻燃聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯合金EI北大核心CSCD

聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PC/ABS)合金兼有PC和ABS的优点,但ABS的加入使PC/ABS合金阻燃性能降低,很多场合都需要对其进行阻燃改性。在环境保护越来越受重视的今天,芳基磷酸酯是卤系阻燃剂的良好替代品,并已在PC/ABS无卤阻燃领域获得广泛应用。文中结合市场及环保的要求,采用芳基磷酸酯(TPP)与磷酸锆(α-ZrP)复配阻燃PC/ABS合金,研究其阻燃性能及热稳定性。热失重分析发现,在氮气氛围中,TPP与α-ZrP复配阻燃PC/ABS合金的热稳定性提高,尤其是高温段的热稳定性;在垂直燃烧和极限氧指数测试中,TPP与α-Zr~复配阻燃并没出现良好的协同效果;而在锥形量热测试中,TPP与α-ZrP复配阻燃能够延长PC/ABS合金到达最高峰值速率的时间,并减缓燃烧过程延长燃烧时间。     

改性超支化聚酰胺HBPAMAM-EP的制备及复合物在棉织物上的应用

采用环氧氯丙烷对端氨基超支化聚酰胺(HBPAMAM)进行端基改性,制得端环氧基超支化聚酰胺(HBPAMAM-EP),并将其与ZnO复合应用于棉织物整理,制备成具有多功能性的棉织物。结果表明,当HBPAMAM与环氧氯丙烷比例为1∶28,开环反应温度55℃,闭环反应温度30℃,催化剂50%KOH 4 mL时制得的产物环氧值和产率都较高。经HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO复合整理的棉织物抗紫外性能表现优良(紫外线防护系数UPF为50+);改性棉织物在紫外灯照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝MB,3 h降解率为99.49%;经HBPAMAM-EP和HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO整理的棉织物折皱回复角接近270°(未处理棉织物折皱回复角为179°),抗折皱性能明显增强。同时,经耐水洗测试表明经HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO整理的棉织物在洗涤30次,依旧能具有较好的抗紫外(UPF>50)、抗皱性能(折皱回复角210°左右),光催化性能(洗涤50次后降解率75%)。     

A simultaneous antimicrobial and shrink resistance treatment of wool woven fabrics using the polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide

Recently, a novel, effective, and commercially viable antimicrobial treatment for wool was reported that used a peroxymonosulfate/sulfite pretreatment and the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Given the polymeric nature of PHMB used in this antimicrobial treatment, this study investigated whether the treatment would also lead to shrink resistance of woven wool fabrics. It was shown that up to 5% PHMB (on mass of fabric) could be exhausted onto the pretreated wool at 40 °C. Under scanning electron microscope, PHMB was observed to coat the wool surface with no obvious interfiber bonding. PHMB finishing was durable to laundering, had little effect on the tensile strength of the fabrics and only slightly increased the bending rigidity. The finishing conferred strong antimicrobial activity to the fabrics and at the same time reduced felting shrinkage after laundering to an acceptable level. Thus, a single finishing process achieved two important functionalities for wool fabrics, antimicrobial activity and shrink resistance.     

IPDI/PPG封端水性聚氨酯的合成及其对棉织物的整理

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲乙酮肟(EMAO)为主要原料,合成了封端水性聚氨酯。通过化学滴定法确定了70℃条件下聚合的反应时间为225min,并利用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱技术对产物进行了表征。将该封端水性聚氨酯配制为乳液,对棉织物进行整理。结果发现,焙烘温度150℃处理3min,整理后织物的折痕回复角达到154.4°,经向断裂强力和纬向断裂强力分别达到436.83N和338.5N。     

Influence of plasma treatment on CNT absorption of cotton fabric and its electrical conductivity and antibacterial activity

In this study, effect of plasma pretreatment on the absorption of carboxilated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of cotton fabrics was investigated. Treated samples were characterised using a Raman spectrophotometer. Also, the morphological properties of samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Electrical resistance and interactions between CNTs and plasma-treated cotton functional groups at the surface were also evaluated. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabric when modified by low temperature plasma and stabilised with CNTs was also investigated. Results showed a uniform coating of CNTs on the plasma-treated cotton fabric and it was found that the plasma treatment is effective on improving CNTs absorption by cotton fabric. Generally, cotton fabric characterisation, such as antibacterial activity and electrical conductivity, after plasma treatment and loading CNT are improved.     

Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using silver nanoparticles

We have reported a novel in situ synthesis protocol for silver nanoparticles onto cotton fabrics. Here, cotton fabric immersed in silver nitrate solution is autoclaved at 15 psi, 121 degrees C for 15 min. At this temperature and pressure, the aldehyde terminal of starch (residual size material on cotton fabric) reduced the silver nitrate to silver metal and simultaneously stabilized the nanoparticles on fabric itself. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of both cotton fabrics and bath solution showed a typical absorption peak at 420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. With the help of transmission electron micrographs, the average size of the dislodged silver nanoparticles in water is calculated to be 20.9 +/- 13.7 nm. This silver nanoparticles impregnated cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and bacteriostasis activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also, silver nanoparticles impregnated fabrics expressed significant UV-protection capability in comparison with the untreated fabrics.     

抗菌疏水棉织物的制备及性能研究

将卤胺化合物GHAPA和无氟疏水剂REPELLAN FF共浴整理棉织物,通过轧烘焙工艺制备出一种具有抗菌疏水性能的棉织物。探究了焙烘温度、浓度对织物含氯量和接触角的影响,确定出最佳整理工艺。采用SEM、FT-IR对整理后的棉织物进行表征,测试分析了整理后棉织物的强力、疏水性及抗菌性能。结果表明经过整理后织物的疏水角能够达到136°,具有良好的疏水性能;抗菌测试结果表明氯化后的棉织物具有优异的抗菌性能,在5 min内可杀死全部金黄色葡萄球菌,30 min内可杀死全部大肠杆菌。     

Dielektrische Barrierenentladung zur Behandlung von Sonnenschutzgeweben

Dielectric Barrier Discharge for the Treatmentof Sun Protection Fabrics In order to optimize the performance properties of textiles, in particular with respect to resistance toward sun light, about 60 percent of the awning fabrics produced at Schmitz‐Werke are pretreated by means of atmospheric pressure plasma. Focus of the current development efforts is to find new potentials for the products of tomorrow by exploitation of the possibilities using innovative combination processes. In addition, the aim is to further improve existing fabric materials with respect to both visual and functional properties. Formerly sun protection fabrics were made of yarns of pure cotton and later also of polyacrylonitrile. For awning fabrics polyester yarns have gained importance have been modified by a combination of a plasma treatment and nanotechnology including advanced textile auxiliaries and finishing processes to produce a modern and robust sun protection system.     

Keratin hydrolysate as an exhausting agent in textile reactive dyeing process

Salt is an essential exhausting agent for the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes. The usage of salt leads to an increased effluent load in terms of total dissolved solids and also limits the opportunities for recycling textile dye house effluents. These effluents are difficult to degrade and their disposal leads to environmental pollution. In the present work, we have prepared keratin hydrolysate (KH) from waste of wool processing industries to reduce the usage of salt in dyeing. The KH was fixed to the cotton fabric at five different add on percentage, and the presence of the KH on the fabric was confirmed by FTIR, TGA and SEM-EDX Studies. The KH-fixed fabrics were further dyed with reactive dyes without addition of salt. The colour strength of the fabric increased up to 91 % to that of the control sample. The studies reveal that the tone of the fabric was not altered and KH usage can significantly reduce salt consumption in reactive dyeing process.     

Nano-Al2O3 multilayer film deposition on cotton fabrics by layer-by-layer deposition method

Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were used for fabrication of multilayer nanocomposite film deposition on cationic cotton fabrics by electrostatic self-assembly to improve the mechanical, UV-protection and flame retardancy properties of cotton fabrics. Cotton fabric surface was modified with a chemical reaction to build-up cationic charge known as cationization. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to verify the presence of deposited nanolayers. Air permeability, whiteness value, tensile strength, UV-transmittance and Limited Oxygen Index properties of cotton fabrics were analyzed before and after the treatment of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles by electrostatic self-assemblies. It was proved that the flame retardancy, tensile strength and UV-transmittance of cotton fabrics can be improved by Al₂O₃ nanoparticle additive through electrostatic self-assembly process.     

Antibacterial activity of hybrid chitosan–cupric oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabric

In this study, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared using sonochemical method. The prepared nanoparticles were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The colloidal chitosan (CS) solution was prepared using ultrasound irradiation method and simultaneously mixed with CuO nanoparticles. The coatings of colloidal solution with and without CuO nanoparticles were studied through TEM images. The cotton fabrics were separately soaked in the prepared nanoparticle‐containing (hybrid) solutions by sonication method followed by pad‐dry‐cure method. The structural, functional, and morphological analyses of the coated and uncoated fabrics were performed using XRD, FTIR‐attenuated total reflectance, and SEM analyses, respectively. The hybrid‐coated cotton fabrics showed better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bioactivity performance of the coated fabrics was in the order of CuO‐coated fabric > CS‐coated fabric.Inspec keywords: cotton fabrics, nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, copper compoundsOther keywords: antibacterial activity, hybrid chitosan‐cupric oxide nanoparticles, cotton fabric, cupric oxide nanoparticles, sonochemical method, X‐ray diffraction, XRD pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, TEM methods, colloidal chitosan solution, ultrasound irradiation method, colloidal solution, TEM images, cotton fabrics, nanoparticle‐containing solutions, sonication method, pad‐dry‐cure method, morphological analyses, structural analyses, functional analyses, FTIR‐attenuated total reflectance, SEM analyses, hybrid‐coated cotton fabrics, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, bioactivity performance, CuO