基于正交试验法TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及光电性能的研究

以商业TiO2纳米粉(P25)为原料,将其充分研磨得到胶体,用刮涂和热处理的方法在氟掺杂氧化锡导电玻璃基底上制备TiO2纳米多孔薄膜阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC).对TiO2膜进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜表征分析,并对所制备的DSSC进行光电性能测试.采用正交实验设计优化制备TiO2胶体时乙酰丙酮、OP乳化剂、蒸馏水的量和研磨时间,并讨论其对DSSC性能的影响.用在最优参数下所得胶体制备的DSSC的光电转换效率最高,约为4.51％.     

多次水热法制备纳米TiO_2胶体在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用多次水热法制备颗粒大小不同的纳米TiO2胶体,应用于染料敏化太阳能电池,研究了不同水热次数得到的胶体对DSSC光电转化效率的影响。利用XRD、TEM和SEM对TiO2形貌进行表征,用UV-Vis测试TiO2膜对染料的吸附。结果表明,4次水热法制备的TiO2胶体的颗粒大小分布均匀,提高了电子在膜中的传输速率和TiO2薄膜对敏化染料的吸附量,进而提高了DSSC的光电转化效率。4次水热的光电转化效率最高,达到7.39%。     

丝网印刷法制备染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的研究

采用水热法制备TiO2纳米颗粒,将获得的TiO2纳米颗粒制备成胶体,采用丝网印刷法在FTO表面刷涂制备染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）光阳极,通过扫描电子显微镜对电极表征和电池光电性能测试,探讨印刷层数及入射光强对DSSC光电性能的影响,实验结果表明,将制备的光阳极组装成电池后具有较好的光电性能,当印刷层数为8层、光强为80W／m2时,电池取得最好的光电性能。     

聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对TiO2薄膜微观结构及DSSC性能的影响

用水热法制备了多孔TiO2光电薄膜;分析了聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对纳米TiO2晶体薄膜微观结构的影响;用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和场发射扫描电镜对纳米TiO2薄膜进行了表征;并对组装的染料敏化太阳能电池进行了光电性能测试,发现用聚苯乙烯处理后的TiO2薄膜提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的开路电压、短路电流密度、填充因子和光电转换效率.     

阻挡层薄膜对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度的TiO2溶胶,通过旋转涂覆法在光阳极导电玻璃基底上制备了阻挡层薄膜,以此来阻止导电玻璃基底上光生电子与电解液中I-3的复合,提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC,dye-sensitized solar cells)的光电转换效率.研究了不同TiO2溶胶浓度及阻挡层厚度对DSSC光电性能的影响.结果表明,由于阻挡层的引入有效地提高了DSSC的光电性能,最高光电转换效率达到了5.30%,比无阻挡层的DSSC的光电转换效率提高了大约27%.     

染料敏化太阳能电池阻挡层的制备及其性能研究

采用电子束蒸发法在光阳极导电玻璃基底上制备了一层致密的TiO2薄膜,并在氧氛围下进行不同温度的退火处理。以此TiO2薄膜为阻挡层来阻止电解质溶液中I3-与导电玻璃基底上光生电子的复合。分别利用X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对此薄膜的结构和成分进行表征。制备不同厚度的TiO2阻挡层薄膜并研究其对电池光电性能的影响。实验结果表明,阻挡层的引入有效地抑制了暗反应的发生,提高了染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的开路电压、短路电流和光电转换效率,比未引入阻挡层的DSSC的光电转换效率提高了31.5%。     

浸渍提拉法修饰阳极对DSSC性能的影响

首先采用浸渍提拉法在导电玻璃上涂TiO2溶胶膜并烧结,再用P25粉制备TiO2浆料涂敷在溶胶膜上烧结制备成DSSC光阳极.对光阳极的双层膜结构进行XRD、FESEM等表征分析,并对相应的DSSC测试电池性能.采用正交实验设计,考查溶胶提拉次数、P25涂敷层数、在溶胶中加入乙基纤维素(EC)的含量等3个因素对DSSC性能的影响.结果表明,溶胶提拉10次,P25涂敷一层,不加EC时,电池性能最佳;P25层数对开路电压有重大影响.     

染料敏化太阳电池CuAl2O4/TiO2光阳极制备及性能

采用柠檬酸法制备了尖晶石型纳米晶CuAl2O4,将其添加到P25(degussa,TiO2)中,制备成CuAl2O4/TiO2薄膜光阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC),对其光电性能进行表征。结果表明:CuAl2O4的加入,电池性能得到提高;当CuAl2O4含量为2%(质量分数)时,与纯TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,光电转化效率提高了39.1%。     

酸催化剂对溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉末的影响

用钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,乙酰丙酮为稳定剂,浓硝酸、浓盐酸、冰醋酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉末。分析了在酸性条件下,催化剂的种类和加入量对凝胶时间和TiO2粉末粒径大小的影响。用该方法制备的TiO2纳米粉末,粒径大小为3～20nm。     

内层致密膜的制备过程对溶胶-凝胶复合TiO2薄膜的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在导电玻璃上制备了致密-多孔复合TiO2薄膜,采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计,分析了光阳极薄膜的表面形貌和吸光度;用天然染料组装了DSSC,研究了致密膜成膜方式和陈化时间对DSSC电学性能的影响。结果表明:致密膜自然晾干的光阳极具有最好的表面形貌,DSSC具有较大的短路电流,当溶胶陈化时间为48h时,复合TiO2薄膜具有最大的吸光度,制备的DSSC电性能具有最大的开路电压和短路电流。     

Performance and electron transport properties of TiO(2) nanocomposite dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO(2) nanowire (NW)/nanoparticle (NP) composite films have been fabricated by hybridizing various ratios of hydrothermal anatase NWs and TiO(2) NPs for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that uniform NW/NP composite films were formed on fluorine-doped tin oxide?(FTO) substrates by the dip-coating method. The NWs are randomly but neither vertically nor horizontally oriented within the composite film. The TiO(2) NP DSSC possesses superior performance to those of the NW/NP composite and the pure NW cells, and the efficiency of the NW/NP composite DSSC increases on increasing the NP/NW ratio in the composite anode. All types of DSSC possess the same dependence of performance on the anode thickness that the efficiency increases with the anode thickness to a maximum value, then it decreases when the anode is thickened further. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses reveal that the NP DSSCs possess larger effective electron diffusion coefficients (D(eff)) in the photoanodes and smaller diffusion resistances of I(3)(-) in electrolytes compared to those in the NW/NP and the NW DSSCs. D(eff) decreases when NWs are added into the photoanode. These results suggest that the vertical feature of the NWs within the anodes is crucial for achieving a high electron transport rate in the anode.     

Fabrication of a multi-scale nanostructure of TiO(2) for application in dye-sensitized solar cells

We propose a highly ordered multi-scale nanostructure of TiO(2) for applications as an anode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The structure is composed of a TiO(2) blocking layer, a TiO(2) inverse opal main body, regularly arranged transport channels between contacting spherical voids of the TiO(2) inverse opal, and TiO(2) nanoparticles coated on the spherical surfaces of the voids. The ordered and continuous backbone of the inverse opal serves as the fast electron transport pathways while the regularly arranged transport channels enable easy transport of dye and electrolyte within the structure. A multi-cycle procedure was developed to enable fabrication of thick inverse opals and easy adjustment of the inverse opal thickness. An example structure was constructed, involving a blocking layer of 90?nm thickness, an inverse opal of 100?nm voids, transport channels of 30-50?nm openings, and nanoparticles 10-15?nm in size. An open-circuit voltage decay investigation showed a significant improvement in electron lifetime for the proposed multi-scale TiO(2) nanostructure based DSSC than that of a TiO(2) nanoparticle film based DSSC, revealing the superior electron recombination characteristic offered by the proposed TiO(2) nanostructure. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC assembled from such an anode structure can reach 4% with a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 8.7?mA?cm(-2) and open-circuit potential (V(oc)) of 0.76?V under AM 1.5 (100?mW?cm(-2)) illumination.     

Enhancement of photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells with the spin-coated TiO2 blocking layer

The TiO2 thin film layers were introduced with the spin-coating method between FTO electrode and TiO2 photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to prevent electron back migration from the FTO electrode to electrolyte. The DSSC containg different thickness of TiO2 thin film (10-30, 40-60 and 120-150 nm) were prepared and photovoltaic performances were analysed with /-Vcurves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum cell performance was observed in DSSC with 10-30 nm of TiO2 thin film thickness (11.92 mA/cm2, 0.74 V, 64%, and 5.62%) to compare with that of pristine DSSC (11.09 mA/cm2, 0.65 V, 62%, and 4.43%). The variation of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with different TiO2 thin film thickness was discussed with the analysis of crystallographic and microstructural properties of TiO2 thin films.     

The effect of SWCNT with the functional group deposited on the counter electrode on the dye-sensitized solar cell

This study investigated the applicability of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with the functional group deposited on the FTO-glass (Fluorine doped tin oxide, SnO₂:F) substrate of the counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). A nanocrystalline TiO₂ layer was fabricated on the FTO-glass substrate of the working electrode, and then sintered in a high-temperature furnace. The working electrode with a TiO₂ thin film was immersed in the solution of N-719 (Ruthenium) dye for 12 h. Moreover, the counter electrode with a layer of Ag (or without a layer of Ag) and a layer of SWCNT, which were (or was) fabricated in that order on the FTO-glass substrate, was subsequently prepared. Finally, the DSSC was assembled, the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC was measured using an I–V measurement system, and the incident photo conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the DSSC was obtained using the phase-locked loop optical chopper. This study also examined the effects of a layer of Ag deposited on the FTO-glass substrate, the type of organic solvent (such as DMAC and acetylacetone), and the sintering temperature on the performance of the DSSC. This film of SWCNT/Ag markedly increased the IPCE from 3.9% (conventional DSSC with a thin film of platinum on the FTO-glass substrate of the counter electrode) to 15.3% (DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone), as the wavelength of the light was 380 nm. Furthermore, as the wavelength of the light is 550 nm, the IPCE of the DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone (6.8%) becomes nearly equal to that of conventional DSSC (7.2%). Most interestingly, this study shows that the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone (1.3037%) is not inferior to that of DSSC with a thin film of platinum on the counter electrode (1.25%).     

Photocurrent-voltage of a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells influenced by N719 dye adsorption properties

Titanium particles of single-phase anatase nanocrystallites were prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated by adsorbing cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)-ruthenium(II)bis-tetrabutylammonium dye (N719) onto TiO2 film. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, AFM, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of the acetic acid treatment of TiO2 electrode with different concentrations on the photovoltaic performance of DSSC was investigated. It was found that DSSC had better photoelectric performance when the TiO2 electrode was treated by acetic acid of 0.5 M. An equivalent circuit analysis using the one-diode model was used to evaluate the influences of adsorption quantity and acetic acid treatment on the energy conversion efficiency of DSSC. A nonlinear least-square optimization method was used to determine five model parameters.     

染料敏化太阳能电池阳极改性技术研究进展

简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池(简称DSSC)的结构和工作原理;综述和讨论了近年来TiO2阳极的改性技术,包括半导体复合、梯度掺杂、过渡金属离子掺杂、贵金属沉积、表面修饰以及紫外光照射改性等方面国内外研究的进展;并对染料敏化太阳能电池的应用前景和今后研究工作的重点进行了论述.     

Application of TiO2 nanoparticles coated multi-wall carbon nanotube to dye-sensitized solar cells

This study uses the sol-gel method to prepare TiO2 nanoparticle, and further applies TiO2 nanoparticle coating on the surface of the multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). As a result, TiO2-CNT composite nanoparticles are prepared to serve as photoelectrode material in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). First, after acid treatment of MWCNT is used to remove impurities. Then, the sol-gel method is employed to prepare TiO2-CNT composite nanopowder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that after the TiO2 in TiO2-CNT composite nanopowder has been thermally treated at 450 degrees C, it can be completely changed to anatase phase. Furthermore, as shown from the SEM image, TiO2 has been successfully coated on CNT. The photoelectrode of DSSC is prepared using the electrophoretic deposition method (EPD) to mix the Degassa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles with TiO2-CNT powder for deposition on the indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. After secondary EPD, a thin film of TiO2/CNTs with thickness 17 microm can be acquired. For the prepared TiO2-CNT composite nanoparticles, since MWCNT can increase the short-circuit current density of DSSC, the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of DSSC can be effectively increased. Experimental results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC using CNT/TiO2 photoelectrode and N719 dye is increased by 41% from the original 3.45% to 4.87%.     

石墨/TiO2共混碳薄膜对电极的电学与电化学性能研究

本文将石墨、TiO2纳米晶以及TiO2胶体共混,采用旋涂法制备了碳薄膜对电极,并用于组装染料敏化太阳能电池。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的表面形貌,采用四探针电阻率测试仪、电化学交流阻抗图谱及太阳能电池综合测试仪对碳对电极的电学、电化学性质以及电池的光电性能分别进行测试;研究了薄膜厚度对碳对电极导电性能与电化学催化性能的影响。结果表明随着厚度增加,碳对电极的方块电阻和界面电荷传输电阻均变小,分别可达到26.6Ω.sp-1和11.8Ω.cm-2,而电池的填充因子及光电转换效率增大。当碳薄膜厚度为19.5μm时,光电转换效率可达到Pt对电极的70%。     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米棒,以ZnO纳米棒为原料制备出ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和N2吸脱附分析等研究了样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成,并通过紫外可见光度计和电化学工作站探讨了煅烧温度在80~600℃范围内ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能.此外,研究经TiCl4化学处理的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极光电性能的改善情况.结果表明,600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极制备的染料敏化太阳能电池表现出较优的光电性能,其短路电流密度(Jsc)为2.28 mA/cm2,开路电压(Voc)为0.631 V,光电转换效率η为0.66%.600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管经TiCl4处理后的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能得到显著改善,其光电转换效率η提高到1.06%.