镁合金高温熔体定量输送浇注装置

采用输送装置，防止镁合金高温熔体在成形输送和浇注过程中出现氧化、燃烧，并对输送和浇注进行定量，是镁合金大量生产很重要的工艺手段。本文对镁合金高温熔体定量输送浇注装置的结构及工艺特点进行了综合和分析，并展望了其发展趋势。     

ZK60和ME20镁合金熔体与镁熔体在HFC-134a/空气气氛中的氧化行为(英文)

对镁合金ZK60和ME20熔体与镁熔体在1%HFC134a/空气气氛中的高温氧化行为进行比较。使用热重仪测定这3种熔体的氧化动力学曲线,使用扫描电镜观察氧化后样品表面的形貌,并用X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析样品表面的相成分。结果表明:ZK60和ME20镁合金熔体在1%HFC134a/空气气氛中的氧化速度远远低于镁熔体的氧化速度;镁熔体表面所形成的氧化膜主要由MgF2、MgO和C组成,而ZK60和ME20镁合金熔体表面所形成的氧化膜除了含有MgF2、MgO和C以外,还分别含有少量的ZrF4和CeF4。ZK60和ME20镁合金熔体在该气氛中氧化阻力的提高分别与它们的合金元素Zr和Ce有关。     

HFC125/N_2中添加SO_2对镁合金熔体保护效果的影响

HFC125和SO2气体均可对高温镁合金熔体进行有效的阻燃保护。在HFC125气体不能对高温镁合金熔体有效保护的情况下添加适量的SO2气体,研究其对镁合金熔体保护效果的影响。结果表明:SO2气体的添加可提高HFC125气体对镁合金熔体的保护效果。     

混合稀土对ZM5镁合金表(界)面张力及氧化膜性能的影响

测量了不同RE添加量ZM5镁合金不同温度下的表面张力,建立了界面反应润湿模型;根据氧化膜破裂能量公式对熔体氧化膜性能进行了研究,并对氧化膜的高温失效进行了分析.结果表明:熔体中的RE可向熔体/氧化膜界面集聚,参与氧化反应并提高氧化膜的致密度,有助于形成具有保护作用的氧化膜;同时RE会增加界面反应层的厚度,降低熔体/氧化膜的界面张力,使氧化膜不易破裂,并通过改变固-液界面张力方向来提高氧化膜与金属液间的粘附性.     

镁合金:成分、组织与阻燃

镁合金具有低密度、高比强度和比刚度,是交通运输领域潜在的轻质结构材料.然而,镁合金的抗高温氧化性差和易燃性限制了其应用.本文详细介绍了镁合金在空气中高温氧化与燃烧的基本原理以及镁合金高温氧化的影响因素;总结了镁合金高温氧化与阻燃研究进展,包括目前已提出的镁合金抗氧化模型理论,与Ca、Be、Sr和稀土等元素合金化的镁合金...     

Mg合金液的运输系统自动化设计与实践

Mg合金在熔融状态下,容易发生氧化、燃烧现象。详细分析了Mg合金液运输系统的组成,深入探究其定量输送实现原理,并对其输送性能进行试验分析。实际应用显示:采用该运输设备来输送高温Mg合金液,未发生氧化、燃烧现象,液流输送精度较高,为±2%。     

熔融镁合金定量输送技术进展

定量浇注是压铸生产中的重要环节,对近年来国外熔融镁合金定量输送技术的工作原理和优缺点进行了综述与分析,并提出了未来理想的熔融镁合金定量输送装置应达到的技术要求。     

Mg-Ca合金表面氧化行为的研究

研究了几种不同Ca含量的Mg Ca二元合金表面氧化程度及其氧化膜形貌。合金表面氧化膜的XRD ,SEM ,TEM及其电子探针分析表明 ,Ca元素的加入可有效地减少镁合金熔体表面的氧化 ,且随着Ca含量的增加 ,氧化程度减弱 ,表面品质变好。含Ca镁合金熔体氧化膜由外到内分为MgO层、CaO层和MgO·CaO层。还从热力学角度探讨了Ca元素的阻燃机理。     

镁合金抗高温氧化机理研究进展

本文简要回顾了国内外镁合金抗高温氧化机理的研究进展,归纳总结了纯Mg的高温氧化机理和镁合金高温氧化热力学与动力学及抗氧化机理,并探讨了先进表征技术在镁合金高温氧化研究中的潜在应用前景,最后展望了耐高温氧化镁合金的发展方向。主要观点如下：镁合金主要是通过形成具有一定厚度、连续且致密的氧化膜来抑制Mg蒸气向外扩散和O的内渗透;镁合金的高温氧化通常与第二相的热稳定性有密切关系;当微量合金元素不足以在表面生成相应氧化物时,可通过形成置换固溶体和反应性元素效应来提高保护作用;具有表面活性的元素会在合金表面富集并减小氧化物尺寸,从而增强氧化层;合金元素的选择性氧化与协同作用对镁合金的抗氧化性能至关重要;在镁合金中加入纳米或微型颗粒可通过减少特定的氧化区域来提高镁合金的高温抗氧化性。未来关于耐高温氧化镁合金的研究可基于以下方面继续深入：应用先进表征技术精准揭示镁合金抗氧化的机理和本质;建立合金元素与氧化膜晶粒尺寸和力学性能的内在关联;设计合理的多合金元素成分体系。     

二氟甲烷在镁合金熔炼保护的研究

对含二氟甲烷(HFC-32)的气体对镁合金熔体表面的保护作用进行了系统研究.研究表明,HFC-32可有效保护镁合金熔体.HFC-32在不同温度下保护纯镁和镁合金AM60所需的最低含量(体积分数)为0.02%～1.00%,对氧化膜组成、结构分析观察表明它有氧化镁、氟化镁等组成,表面膜平整、致密,它们与用SF6保护形成的氧化膜类似.对HFC-32工程应用的可行性进行了讨论.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.