Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper (BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

Phase transformation in suspension roasting of oolitic hematite ore

Suspension roasting followed by magnetic separation is a promising method to upgrade oolitic hematite ore.An oolitic hematite ore was roasted using suspension roasting technology at different temperatures.The phase transformation for iron minerals was investigated by XRD and Mossbauer spectrum,and the characteristics of roasted product were analyzed by VSM and SEM-EDS.Results indicate that the magnetic concentrate is of 58.73% Fe with iron recovery of 83.96% at 650 °C.The hematite is rapidly transformed into magnetite during the roasting with transformation ratio of 92.75% at 650 °C.Roasting temperature has a significant influence on the phase transformation of hematite to magnetite.The transformation ratio increases with increased temperature.After roasting,the magnetic susceptibility is significantly improved,while iron ore microstructure is not altered significantly.     

Fragmentation mechanism of low-grade hematite ore in a high pressure grinding roll

The fragmentation mechanism of low-grade hematite ore in a high pressure grinding roll(HPGR) was studied based on the characteristics of comminuted products at different specific pressure levels. The major properties included the reduction ratio, liberation, specific surface energy, and specific surface area. The results showed that the fracture of low-grade hematite ore in HPGR was an interactive dynamic process in which the interaction between coarse particles of gangue minerals and fine particles of valuable minerals was alternately continuous with increased compactness and compacting strength of materials. Within a range of 2.8–4.4 N/mm~2, valuable minerals were crushed after preferentially absorbing energy, whereas gangue minerals were not completely crushed and only acted as an energy transfer medium. Within a range of 4.4–5.2 N/mm~2, gangue minerals were adequately crushed after absorbing the remaining energy, whereas preferentially crushed valuable minerals acted as an energy transfer medium. Within a range of 5.2–6.0 N/mm~2 range, the low-grade hematite ore was not further comminuted because of the "size effect" on the strength of materials, and the comminution effect of materials became stable.     

Application of Log Kriging on Estimated Reserves of the 10-9 Ore Body of Lutangba in the Gejiu Tin Deposits

The approaches adopted so far in China to calculate reserves of ore deposits have largely been dependent on polygonal methods, including a cross-section method and a geological block method. However, for various reasons, especially, the complexity of the geology, and the ore bodies, the deposits became gradually known as development and exploitation took place. There is a certain difference between the geological and cutoff grade at the stage of geological prospecting and mining, which will have a great impact on both mine construction and production. As much accurate information as possible on the spatial distribution patterns of ore bodies and global reserves is essential to improve the production efficiency and reduce production cost. The 10-9 ore body of Lutangba in the Gejiu Tin Deposits was selected as our research object, using a log Kriging and an inverse distance weighing method. In our paper the results are compared with the reserves calculated by the polygonal block method. The global estimate and estimation errors associated with each estimation method are discussed.     

Calcium ferrite formation characteristic during iron ore sintering with different oxygen atmospheres

It is generally known that the large formation amount of calcium ferrite is favorable for the iron ore sintering. The effects of sintering temperature and O2 content of inlet gas on the calcium ferrite formation characteristic of typical iron ores, including hematite, limonite, specularite and magnetite, were investigated. And the effect of O2 content on the microstructure of the roasted briquettes was also studied in detail. The results show the amount of calcium ferrite initially increases then decreases with the increase of the sintering temperature. The temperature of maximum calcium ferrite generation amount is determined as follows： for hematite and limonite it is 1275 ~C, whereas for specularite and magnetite, 1250℃. The maximum contents of calcium ferrite for hematite, limonite, specularite and magnetite under the optimal sintering temperature are 73%, 82%, 67% and 63%, respectively. Increasing O2 content of the airflow is advantageous to the formation of calcium ferrite. Relatively, the effect of O2 content on the calcium ferrite formation of magnetite is the most pronounced, while O2 content of inlet gas has little effect on the calcium ferrite formation of limonite.     

Combustion Synthesis of TiB2 Ceramics Powder from B2O3-TiO2-Mg System in Air Atmosphere

TiB2 ceramics powder was syuthesized from B2O3 - TiO2 - Mg system. The effects of TiB2 addition as diluent on the conbustion synthesis process were investigated. The results of thermodynanmic calculation and experiments stow that the increase of TiBz content ranging from 0 to 20wt% can reduce the adiabatic temperature Tad from 3100 Kto 2896 K and combustion temperature T,. from 2139 K to 1621 K respectively. The particle size and half width of the particle distributhm are also increased with the addition of TiB2 increasing from 0 to 20wt% . The combustion product is a mixture of TiB2 , MgO , and other intermediate phases. The leached produet contains mairdy TiBz, TiOz and TiN, and its oxygen content is 7.77wt% .     

Magnetizing roasting mechanism and effective ore dressing process for oolitic hematite ore

Magnetizing roasting of oolitic hematite ore from western Hubei Province was investigated.The mechanism for reduction roasting of oolitic hematite ore was discussed and analyzed.It is found that flash magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process is a promising approach for the processing of oolitic hematite ore from western Hubei Province.     

Recovery of Ferric Oxide from Bayer Red Mud by Reduction Roasting-Magnetic Separation Process

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process was considered as a low-grade iron ore with a grade of 5wt% to 30wt% iron.We adopted the reduction roastingmagnetic separation process to recover ferric oxide from red mud.The red mud samples were processed by reduction roasting,grinding and magnetic separating respectively.The effects of different parameters on the recovery rate of iron were studied in detail.The optimum techqicalparameters were proposed with 700 ℃roasting for 20 min,as 50wt% carbon and 4wt% additive were added.The experimentalresults indicated that the iron recovery and the grade of totaliron were 91% and 60%,respectively.A novelprocess is applicable to recover ferric oxide from the red mud waste fines.     

Influence of Thermally Treated Flue Gas Desulfurization （FGD） Gypsum on Performance of the Slag Powder Concrete

The feasibility of flue gas desulphurization （FGD） as concrete admixture was studied. A combined concrete admixture of the thermally-treated FGD gypsum and slag powder was explored. The FGD gypsum was roasted at 200℃ for 60 min and then mixed with the slag powder to form FGD gypsum-slag powder combined admixture in which the SO3 content was 3.5wt%. Cement was partially and equivalently replaced by slag powder alone or FGD gypsum-slag powder, at concentration of 25wt%, 40wt%, and 50wt%, respectively. The setting times, hydration products, total porosity and pore size distributions of the paste were determined. The compressive strength and drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete were also tested. The experimental results show that, in the presence of FGD gypsum, the setting times are much slower than those of pastes in the absence of FGD gypsum. The combination of FGD gypsum and slag powder provides synergistic benefits above that of slag powder alone. The addition of FGD gypsum provides benefit by promoting ettringite formation and forms a compact microstructure, increasing the compressive strength and reduces the drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete.     

An improved purification method for preparation of basic nickel carbonate of high purity via chemical precipitation

The adsorption mechanism of Na^＋, Cl^- and other impurities on the surface of basic nickel carbonate was clarified by electric double layer model. Based on the mechanism, a new purification method was studied. The method can be described as washing-drying-rewashing-drying. The experimental results indicate that the process is very efficient to remove impurities adsorbed by the precipitate when using NiCl2 and Na2CO3 as the raw materials. The finished product＇s contents of sodium and chlorine are both less than 0.01 wt%.     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

Two-step flotation recovery of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore

The flotation of pure and natural carbonaceous iron ore samples in the oleate flotation system was investigated. Starch can depress hematite effectively in a wide pH range, but cannot depress siderite efficiently in neutral conditions. The flotation recovery of pure hematite, siderite, and quartz in the oleate-starch-CaCl₂ system is significantly different when the slurry pH varies from 4 to 12. A novel two-step flotation process was developed for the separation of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore through which the siderite concentrate is first recovered and the high quality hematite concentrates with relative high iron recovery can be obtained in the second step flotation. The siderite concentrate may be utilized directly or undergo further concentration steps to increase iron grade.     

Investigation on steelmaking dust recycling and iron oxide red preparing

To investigate the physical and chemical properties of the steelmaking dust, wet sieve separation, XRD, SEM, EDS, and traditional chemical analysis were carded out to obtain the particle size distribution, mineralogy, morphology, and the chemical composition of the dust. The dust with a total Fe content of 64.08wt% has coarse metallic iron, magnetite and hematite grains, while free clay minerals with a size of 〈38 μm are mainly iosidefite, calcium silicate, and calcite, which are conglomerated to each other. By following the procedures of wet magnetic separation, acid leaching, and oxidization calcination, magnetic materials were recycled and further prepared as iron oxide red with a productivity of 0.54 ton per unit ton of the dust. Middle iron concentrate with an Fe content of 65.92wt% can be reused as feeding material in the ironmaking industry. Additionally, washed water from acid leaching with an Fe^3＋ ion content of less than 5 g·L^-1 was recovered as feeding water in the wet magnetic separation procedure. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All fights reserved.     

某鲕状赤铁矿流化床燃煤还原焙烧-磁选研究

运用小型循环流化床锅炉,针对铁品位为49.20%、磷质量分数为1.16%的湖北某鲕状赤铁矿进行磁化焙烧-磁选试验研究.试验结果表明,将粒径为106～150 μm的鲕状赤铁矿在700 ℃下焙烧15 min,选取磨矿后粒径在74 μm以下的颗粒质量分数为85%的焙烧矿物,运用湿式磁选管在139.22 kA/m的磁场强度下对筛选后的焙烧矿物进行磁选抛尾,可以获得铁品位为55.12%、全铁回收率为70.11%、磷质量分数为0.67%的铁精矿.研究表明,运用循环流化床局部还原性气氛高速磁化焙烧铁矿石是可行的,运用该磁化焙烧-磁选工艺流程可以达到一定的提铁降磷效果.     

高磷铁矿碳热还原同步脱磷的实验研究

为探索高磷铁矿的有效利用途径,对高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行碳热还原同步脱磷实验研究,在含碳球团中添加CaO和Na2C O3作为脱磷剂,采用D T A-T G- M S综合热分析、X R D、SE M、E DS等方法分别对高磷鲕状赤铁矿的碳热还原过程以及还原产物进行分析. 结果表明,添加适量的CaO和Na2C O3可以显著提高脱磷率;在1 573 K、Na2C O3添加量为2 %、含碳球团碱度为1 .2的条件下,高磷鲕状赤铁矿能够被快速还原成含磷0 .09 %、含碳4 .6 %的碳饱和铁,脱磷率达到95 %;生铁中碳过饱和后以片状石墨的形态析出,生铁中的磷以夹杂物Ca3（P O4）2和Na2Ca4（P O4）2SiO4的形式存在     

Magnetic separation studies for a low grade siliceous iron ore sample

Investigations were carried out, on a low grade siliceous iron ore sample by magnetic separation, to establish its amenability for physical beneficiation. Mineralogical studies revealed that the sample consists of magnetite, hematite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals where as silicates as well as carbonates form the gangue minerals in the sample. Processes involving combination of classification, dry magnetic separation and wet magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low grade siliceous iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to dry magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. The ground sample was subjected to different finer sizes and separated by wet low intensity magnetic separator. It was possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate of 67% Fe by recovering 90% of iron values at below 200 μm size.     

Application of multi-stage dynamic magnetizing roasting technology on the utilization of cryptocrystalline oolitic hematite:A reviewOA

A large number of studies have shown that oolitic hematite is an iron ore that is extremely difficult to utilize because of its fine disseminated particle size, high harmful impurity content and oolitic structure.To recover iron from oolitic hematite, we developed a novel multistage dynamic magnetizing roasting technology. Compared with traditional magnetizing roasting technologies, this novel technology has the following advantages: firstly, the oolitic hematite is dynamically reduced in a mult...     

冷却方式对焙烧鲕状赤铁矿磨矿性能影响

鲕状赤铁矿有用矿物嵌布粒度细,磨矿成本高,属于典型难选铁矿石。磁化焙烧-磁选工艺是分选此类难选铁矿石的有效方法,研究了不同冷却方式对磁化焙烧矿的磨矿性能产生的影响.鲕状赤铁矿进行磁化焙烧后分别隔绝空气密闭冷却、水淬及空气中自然冷却,进行粒度筛析和磨矿试验.发现焙烧后矿石粒径变粗,从原矿的平均粒径为0.069 9mm至密闭冷却、水冷和自然冷却焙烧矿的0.088 2mm、0.084 3mm、0.087 0mm.相同磨矿条件下,原矿、密闭冷却焙烧矿、水冷焙烧矿和自然冷却焙烧矿-0.045mm含量分别为84.89%、83.89%、76.51%、77.14%.表明磁化焙烧使鲕状赤铁矿变得更为难磨,密闭冷却时磨矿效果最佳,自然冷却次之,水冷最差.     

Iron ore tailings used for the preparation of cementitious material by compound thermal activation

In the background of little reuse and large stockpile for iron ore railings, iron ore tailing from Chinese Tonghua were used as raw material to prepare cementitious materials. Cementitious properties of the iron ore tailings activated by compound thermal ac-tivation were studied. Testing methods, such as XRD, TG-DTA, and IR were used for researching the phase and structure variety of the iron ore tailings in the process of compound thermal activation. The results reveal that a new cementitious material that contains 30wt% of the iron ore tailings can be obtained by compounded thermal activation, whose mortar strength can come up to the stan-dard of 42.5 cement of China.     

宁夏中卫香山地区铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨

为了研究宁夏中卫香山地区铁矿床的成因及成矿规律,对宁夏中卫香山地区典型铁矿床（点）成矿地质背景、矿床地球化学等方面进行了分析与探讨.结果表明：中卫香山地区铁矿体呈似层状、透镜状,主要沿层间断裂破碎带分布,具有明显的层控特征.矿石矿物主要为赤铁矿和褐铁矿为主,局部见有黄铁矿.香山群硅质岩w（SiO2）为71.74%~92.45%,w（Al2O3）/[w（Al2O3）＋w（Fe2O3）]比值显示大部分样品与大陆边缘硅质岩数据接近.稀土元素PAAS标准化图解表现为平坦型,具有轻微的正铕异常;微量元素在北美页岩标准化图解上变化较大,可能与陆源物质的加入有关.矿床经历了同生沉积期和次生淋滤富集期,含矿溶液沿破碎带及节理渗透时,置换了岩石中含铁的碳酸盐成分成矿,成矿元素在表生氧化条件下淋滤富集.