化工专业卓越工程师教育培养可行性分析

从培养标准和知识、素质、能力结构及实现途径分析了学校教育培养的可行性,从培养模式、教学内容及实施途径分析了培养方案的可行性,从培养标准及方式、培养课程及管理、培养企业及师资分析了企业学习阶段培养方案的可行性,结果表明,化工专业实施卓越工程师教育培养计划是完全可行的。     

化工专业卓越计划实施条件分析

从学校概况、组织管理、质量保障、师资队伍建设、政策支持与经费保障分析了学校培养条件,从教师队伍、教学资源、教学管理分析了学院培养条件,从培养课程及管理、培养企业及师资分析了合作企业培养条件。结果表明,学校和企业的培养条件均能满足卓越工程师高校与企业联合培养机制的要求,化工专业实施卓越计划是完全可行的。     

提高工程硕士研究生创新实践能力的探索与实践

分析了工程硕士研究生培养过程存在的问题,结合重庆工商大学环境工程领域工程硕士研究生的培养,从培养模式、实践平台的搭建、课程体系设置、导师团队的组建、培养过程管理等方面,对提高工程硕士研究生创新实践能力的培养进行了探索和实践。结果表明,提高了研究生的培养质量,毕业研究生得到社会的认可。     

化学工程与技术专业高水平创新应用型研究生人才培养模式的探索与实践

针对化学工程与技术专业研究生培养过程中,出现了培养模式单一、优质教学资源匮乏、实验操作技能差、应用思维能力弱化、科研创新能力不足等缺点,南昌航空大学环境功能材料教学团队以研究生创新能力培养为一条主线,以工程应用思维培养、功能材料实验技术方法培养和双导师制联合培养研究生为三大模式,以纳米材料、光催化分解水制氢、催化剂的设计合成及应用、催化剂可控合成及污染控制等四大创新研究方向为基石构建了独具特色的化学工程与技术专业研究生创新能力培养模式。实践发现,在此培养模式下能提升学科影响力与研究生培养质量,更利于创新型化学工程与技术专业研究生人才的培养。     

对高校研究生创新能力培养的探索研究

研究生的创新能力培养是研究生教育的核心内容,更是提高研究生培养质量的重要标志。文章以我校化学工程与技术硕士点为例,从研究生的招生选拔、培养方案设置、学术环境建设、导师队伍建设、激励机制建设等方面出发,改革完善研究生的培养模式,全面提高研究生的创新能力和培养质量,努力培养适应社会发展的创新型人才。     

Vero细胞无血清培养制备弓形虫排泄-分泌抗原适宜条件的筛选

目的筛选Vero细胞无血清培养制备弓形虫排泄-分泌抗原(ESA)的适宜条件。方法采用拉丁方析因设计。第一部分:在血清浓度为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%的培养基中,共培养Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子,分别于培养3、6、12、24h时,改为无血清培养基,继续培养至第7天,收集培养上清液,制备ESA,并检测蛋白含量。第二部分:在含1.0%血清培养基中共培养Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子,分别于培养12、24、48、72h时,改为无血清培养基,继续培养至第7、9、11、13天,收集培养上清液,制备ESA,并检测蛋白含量。结果Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在1.0%血清浓度培养基中培养12或24h时,无血清培养基继续培养7d,制备的ESA蛋白含量显著高于其他血清浓度(0.5%、2.0%、4.0%)及含血清培养时间(3、6h)。Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在含1.0%血清培养基中共培养12、24h,无血清培养基继续培养至第13天,制备的ESA蛋白含量显著高于其他培养时间(48、72h)和无血清培养基继续培养时间(7、9、11d)。结论培养基的血清浓度以及含血清和无血清培养时间是影响体外制备ESA的重要因素。Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在1.0%血清浓度培养基中培养12h,无血清培养基继续培养13d,为制备ESA的适宜条件。     

基于提高研究生创新能力的联合培养模式探索

本文从研究生知识结构、创新意识和导师培养等方面指出了目前研究生创新培养中存在的主要问题。针对导师组培养,我们给出了导师组的建立原则、导师组各导师的职责、导师组的监管制度。与传统的导师培养比较,导师组培养提高了学生的创新能力,为地方院校研究生培养提供了一种借鉴。     

新课改背景下高师化学教学创新人才的培养

当今的高师化学教学,必须适应新课改的要求。从改变传统的人才培养模式,树立新的教育理念、创新思维的培养、创新兴趣的培养、创新能力的培养、创新实践的培养等方面对高师化学教育进行了探讨。     

新形势下图书情报人员的知识能力培养方法

现代科学电子技术、信息传输技术以及图书馆自动化管理技术的发展为图书馆情报人员提出的新的知识能力要求,对此详细分析了现阶段新形势下图书馆情报人员知识能力培养的必要性,并基于此提出了以情报意识培养、专业知识培养以及情报编辑能力培养为核心的能力培养方法。旨在为新形势下图书馆情报人员知识能力培养提供指导性意见。     

高校工学博士生学术创新能力培养的实践与创新———以浙江大学控制学科学术团队为例

学术创新能力培养对提高研究生整体质量具有重要作用。本研究以浙江大学控制学科的学术团队为例,在分析工学博士生培养的目标定位、运行模式与机制的基础之上,从打造团队文化、规范实验室制度、构建人才联合培养长效机制三个方面总结了工学博士生学术创新能力培养的实践举措,从培养理念、指导模式、育人方法三个方面凝练了学术创新能力培养的创新之处,进一步归纳了工学博士生学术创新能力培养的成效并提出反思。     

Evaluation of Antioxidant Compounds and Total Sugar Content in a Nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Progeny

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruit rich in phenolic compounds is associated with health-protective effects due to their antioxidant properties. For these reasons quality evaluation has become an important issue in fruit industry and in breeding programs. Phytochemical traits such as total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, L-ascorbic acid, sugar content and relative antioxidant capacity (RAC) were analyzed over four years in flesh fruit of an F1 population "Venus" × "Big Top" nectarines. Other traits such as harvesting date, yield, fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and ripening index (RI) were also determined in the progeny. Results showed high variability among genotypes for all analyzed traits. Total phenolics and flavonoids showed significant positive correlations with RAC implying that both are important antioxidant bioactive compounds in peaches. We found genotypes with enhanced antioxidant capacity and a better performance than progenitors, and in consequence the best marketability.     

Mate choice and toxicity in two species of leaf beetles with different types of chemical defense

Evidence for the use of defensive compounds for sexual purposes is scarce, even though sexual selection might have some importance for the evolution of defensive traits. This study investigates the effect of defense-related traits and body size on mating success in two sister species of leaf beetle differing in their type of chemical defense. Oreina gloriosa produces autogenous cardenolides, whereas O. cacaliae sequesters pyrrolizidine alkaloids from its food plant. Larger O. gloriosa males with more toxin or higher toxin concentration had a mating advantage, likely due to direct or indirect female choice. In the laboratory, particular pairings recurred repeatedly in this species, indicating mate fidelity. O. gloriosa females were also subject to sexual selection, possibly by male choice, because larger females and those with higher toxin concentration mated more readily and more often. In O. cacaliae, in contrast, sexual selection for toxicity and body size was not detected, or at best was much weaker. Because toxicity is heritable in O. gloriosa but environment-dependent in O. cacaliae, individuals of the former species could be choosing well-defended partners with good genes. Our study suggests that sexual selection may contribute to the maintenance of heritable defensive traits.     

Floral Odor Variation in Two Heterostylous Species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Primula</Emphasis>

Floral traits such as odor, color, and morphology are important pollinator attractants. Variation in floral traits may influence floral constancy, the tendency of pollinating insects to visit flowers of only one type. We investigated for the first time variation in odor between floral morphs in heterostylous species. We analyzed inter- and intraspecific odor variation in the pin and thrum floral morphs of sympatric Primula elatior and P. farinosa (Primulaceae). Floral volatiles were sampled with headspace sorption. Quantitative analysis and chemical identification were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The species produced different floral bouquets. P. elatior emitted mostly limonene with small amounts of -pinene, myrcene, and sabinene. P. farinosa produced benzaldehyde, 4-oxoisophorone (2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione), benzyl alcohol, and benzyl acetate. These interspecific differences may play a role in promoting floral constancy and maintaining species integrity. Conversely, no differences were detected between the scents of pin and thrum morphs within each species. Heterostyly relies on pollinators visiting both floral morphs. There may be a stabilizing selection against divergences in traits that may cause pollinators to develop floral constancy to only one of the floral morphs.This revised PDF version was published online in May 2005 with added Published Online dates.     

Ant-like Traits in Wingless Parasitoids Repel Attack from Wolf Spiders

A recent study showed that a wingless parasitoid, Gelis agilis, exhibits a suite of ant-like traits that repels attack from wolf spiders. When agitated, G. agilis secreted 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone), which a small number of ant species produce as an alarm/panic pheromone. Here, we tested four Gelis parasitoid species, occurring in the same food chain and microhabitats, for the presence of sulcatone and conducted two-species choice bioassays with wolf spiders to determine their degree of susceptibility to attack. All four Gelis species, including both winged and wingless species, produced sulcatone, whereas a closely related species, Acrolyta nens, and the more distantly related Cotesia glomerata, did not. In two-choice bioassays, spiders overwhelmingly rejected the wingless Gelis species, preferring A. nens and C. glomerata. However, spiders exhibited no preference for either A. nens or G. areator, both of which are winged. Wingless gelines exhibited several ant-like traits, perhaps accounting for the reluctance of spiders to attack them. On the other hand, despite producing sulcatone, the winged G. areator more closely resembles other winged cryptines like A. nens, making it harder for spiders to distinguish between these two species. C. glomerata was also preferred by spiders over A. nens, suggesting that other non-sulcatone producing cryptines nevertheless possess traits that make them less attractive as prey. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Cryptinae reveals that G. hortensis and G. proximus are ‘sister’species, with G. agilis, and G.areator in particular evolving along more distant trajectories. We discuss the possibility that wingless Gelis species have evolved a suite of ant-like traits as a form, of mimicry to repel predators on the ground.     

Building protein backbones from C{alpha} co-ordinates

An automatic procedure for building polyalanine backbones fromguiding -carbon positions is presented. Polyalanine backbonesare built based on the geometric restraints of angle N-C-C andthe knowledge of main-chain dihedral angle distributions. Abuilding module constructs a list of polyalanine backbones thatfollow exactly the C trace. Then a selection module selectsone backbone with the largest portion of phi-psi pairs in favouredregions. Several test cases on C coordinates from X-ray refinedstructures give acceptable results. Less than 10% of the peptideplanes are incorrectly built, and the result is not sensitiveto random shift up to 0.5 Å of C coordinates.     

从玻璃工厂的建筑设计看现代工业建筑的发展趋势

纵观玻璃工厂半个多世纪的发展进程,回顾玻璃工厂的建筑设计实践,阐述了现代工业建筑的设计特点以及"以人为本"的建筑设计思想,从理论高度认识现代工业建筑的发展动向,努力创造出符合中国国情的现代工业的形象建筑.     

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Plant Chemistry and the Development and Behavior of a Generalist Herbivore

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formed between plants and AM fungi (AMF) can alter host plant quality and thus influence plant-herbivore interactions. While AM is known to affect the development of generalist chewing-biting herbivores, AM-mediated impacts on insect behavior have been neglected until now. In this study, the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis, a generalist AMF, on phenotypic and leaf metabolic traits of Plantago major plants were investigated. Further, the influence of AM-mediated host plant modifications on the development and on seven behavioral traits of larvae of the generalist Mamestra brassicae were recorded. Tests were carried out in the third (L3) and fourth (L4) larval instar, respectively. While shoot water content, specific leaf area, and foliar concentrations of the secondary metabolite aucubin were higher in AM-treated compared to non-mycorrhized (NM) plants, lower concentrations of the primary metabolites citric acid and isocitric acid were found in leaves of AM plants. Larvae reared on AM plants gained a higher body mass and tended to develop faster than individuals reared on NM plants. However, plant treatment had no significant effect on any of the behavioral traits. Instead, differences between larvae of different ages were detected in several behavioral features, with L4 being less active and less bold than L3 larvae. The results demonstrate that AM-induced modifications of host plant quality influence larval development, whereas the behavioral phenotype seems to be more fixed at least under the tested conditions.     

中国绿色建筑业的现状与发展对策

目前,我国建筑业正处于迅速发展时期,但资源浪费、环境破坏、建筑节能问题一直没有解决.     

Insectivorous Birds Are Attracted by Plant Traits Induced by Insect Egg Deposition

Insectivorous birds feed upon all developmental stages of herbivorous insects, including insect eggs if larvae and adults are unavailable. Insect egg deposition on plants can induce plant traits that are subsequently exploited by egg parasitoids searching for hosts. However, it is unknown whether avian predators can also use egg-induced plant changes for prey localization. Here, we studied whether great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) are attracted by traits of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) induced by pine sawfly (Diprion pini) egg deposition. We chose this plant – insect system because sawfly egg deposition on pine needles is known to locally and systemically induce a change in pine volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tits are known to prey upon sawfly eggs. In dual choice laboratory experiments, we simultaneously offered the birds an egg-free control branch and a systemically egg-induced branch. Significantly more birds visited the egg-induced branch first. We confirmed by GC-MS analyses that systemically egg-induced branches released more (E)-β-farnesene compared to control branches. Spectrophotometric analyses showed that control branches reflected more light than egg-induced branches throughout the avian visual range. Although a discrimination threshold model for blue tits suggests that the birds are poor at discriminating this visual difference, the role of visual stimuli in attracting the birds to egg-induced pines cannot be discounted. Our study shows, for the first time, that egg-induced odorous and/or visual plant traits can help birds to locate insect eggs without smelling or seeing those eggs.     

数字喷墨打印技术对我国建筑陶瓷未来发展的影响

2009年以来华东地区和佛山地区的部分一线陶瓷品牌企业先后引进了陶瓷数字喷墨打印技术装备,也推出了许多数字化陶瓷产品。在国家力推以科技发展观为指导思想,建设"资源节约型,环境友好型"社会和佛山各级政府力推"四化融合,智慧佛山"打造新兴工业、新型城市的关键时刻,陶瓷数字喷墨打印技术对建筑陶瓷来讲可能只是一个支点。笔者阐述陶瓷数字喷墨打印技术国内外生产研究现状、技术特点和数字化时代建筑陶瓷的基本特征。