浅议建筑的设计研究

阐述了设计研究的概念,并在设计研究基本解析的基础上,分析了设计与研究的关系,总结出设计研究系列的基本性质,最后探讨了设计研究在建筑设计领域的应用与意义。     

Building for the visual age

While architects and builders in practice have embraced ever more visually based ways of working, the research into these new visual practices has lagged behind. The recent special issue on ‘Visual Practices: Images of Knowledge Work’ (2007) provided important new understanding of the ways in which the visual and the use of visual objects actually operate in our professions. This Forum paper explores some of the challenges and difficulties that researchers face, and it develops an agenda for the future development of this important line of inquiry.

Alors qu'architectes et constructeurs de bâtiments ont, en pratique, adopté des méthodes de travail de plus en plus basées sur le visuel, la recherche dans ces nouvelles pratiques a pris du retard. Le récent numéro intitulé «Visual Practices: Images of Knowledge Work» (2007) éclaire d'un jour nouveau la manière dont le visuel et l'usage d'objets visuels fonctionnent réellement dans nos professions. Cette communication analyse quelques uns des défis et des difficultés auxquels sont confrontés les chercheurs et propose un programme pour le développement futur de cet important secteur d'intérêt.

Collaboration,?communication,?processus de conception,?recherche conceptuelle,?échange de connaissances,?contexte social,?pratiques visuelles     

A vision on social interactions as the basis for design

This paper presents a case study in which social interactions in groups of adolescents were mapped in order to define a product interaction that suited the adolescents. A school class of 18 students, 13 – 15 years old, participated in this project. In the first phase of the study, cultural probing was used to identify the social groups in the school class. In the second phase, the students worked in these groups on a sensitizing package, after which each group participated in a generative session. By means of the probes and sessions, insights were obtained into the interactions, relationships, roles and personalities within each social group. Based on the insights, we formulated a design vision for a museum visit for school groups. This vision was made tangible in a concept design for a museum visit for the Netherlands Architecture institute.

In this case study, social interactions were used as motivator and mechanism for creating a museum experience. But a similar approach may be valuable for the design of products that mediate in social activities. In the conclusions we suggest the development of tools and methods to support designers in designing products and services that fit within people's social lives.     

COVALENT,a method for co-designing value exchange in community-centred design

Abstract

It is challenging to design for mutually beneficial relationships in a multi-actor service system when these actors have diverse and conflicting interests, and lack usable methods and tools that support the design process. This study introduces a novel method for co-designing value exchange (COVALENT). COVALENT integrates the value analysis model, co-design strategy and service design tools, to support the conceptualisation of reciprocal value exchanges based on the analysis of and matching between, stakeholders’ needs and resources. Its perceived effectiveness was validated through application to the development of community business models in Ulsan, South Korea. This study contributes to the knowledge of co-design by providing a method for co-designing services that aim to achieve reciprocal value exchanges in the context of community-centred design and by discussing the effectiveness of that method as perceived by users.     

设计研究方法在风景园林设计初步课程教学中的应用

风景园林设计初步课程作为风景园林专业的专业基础课程之一,对于帮助学生打下扎实的设计基础有着深远影响。结合当前风景园林行业的发展,在风景园林设计初步课程教学中引入"设计研究"这一方法,构建以"理论基础—实践调研—分析研究—设计导论"为主线,"一个体系四个板块"为核心教学内容,进而形成"理论与实践""调查与研究""传承与创新"的设计研究式教学体系,实现"教"与"学"的双赢,促进教学质与量的同步发展。     

南京北极阁广场人的行为及环境设计研究

对北极阁广场在全天不同时段的使用方式、使用人群进行观察，拍照记录各地块不同时段的活动人群数量、年龄、活动方式，分析了空间环境与人的活动的关系，提出了一些广场设计中值得关注的问题。     

Assembling an innovative social housing project in Melbourne: mapping the potential for social innovation

Abstract

In Australia, echoing trends in the UK, US and Canada, provision of social housing has transitioned from government-led mechanisms to an increasing focus on partnerships between private developers, government and the not-for-profit sector. In this context, social housing is often achieved via the ‘cobbling together’ of necessary resources over time. This article focuses on an innovative social housing project in the inner west of Melbourne, Australia, that involves the modular construction of 57 transportable dwellings located on government-owned land. I apply a theoretical framework that combines insights from social innovation literature and assemblage to understand the process of assembling a pilot project and to chart how the project may be scaled up or scaled out to challenge the system in which homelessness occurs. The research highlights the role of community housing providers as ‘pivot points’ in the social housing sector and acknowledges the importance of credibility, funding, legislative change and construction innovation in scaling housing social innovations.     

Generating value across academic and professional design practice in the Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

This article accounts for how value in design research can be derived from knowledge exchange that occurs through the collaborative discourse of doing design. To demonstrate this point, the article details the arc and impact of a design research collaboration that extended over several years with design practitioners in the field of internet-connected devices. As a result of this ongoing collaborative work, a programmatic set of design ideals and intentions concerning how to construct a more transparent and ethical relationship with technology was shaped. We examine this sustained and transformative collaboration as a series of knowledge exchanges. Within each particular collaborative project, worldviews and knowledge are exchanged among design researchers and practitioners, enabling them to traverse ‘through practices’ of academic and professional design. To unpack these exchanges and how they built and fed into each other, the article examines how collaboration unfolded and produced value on two levels: first on the scale of the academics and practitioners directly involved in a project; and secondly on the scale of the larger international community of design practitioners concerned with Internet-connected devices, with whom we had shared our work.     

Community in the information age: Exploring the social potential of web-based technologies in landscape architecture and community design

Critics have pointed at new technologies as culprits in the decline of civic life, neighboring and social capital construction in Western societies. When applied to community design and planning processes, technologies can empower residents to actively engage in decision-making, foster connections across social groups, with positive consequences on life and socialization in public spaces. What kind of participation do technologies foster? And is it the kind that bridges social and ideological divides? The 2012 community design process for Hawthorne Park in Medford, Oregon illustrates many of the challenges and opportunities connected to the use of new technologies in design. In the process, technologies were instrumental in enlisting a larger-than-usual number of residents to participate in the design of the park. Blogs and online questionnaires were successful in gathering people's thoughts on the design choices being made, but also favored a limited, intermittent form of engagement. The results are synthesized in principles for the successful integration of web-based technologies in future community design efforts: adaptability, full participation, nuanced participation and the need for links to the physical realm.     

基于运筹学思想的建筑设计方法研究

指出了建筑设计中有关设计方法的问题,研究了运筹学思想与方法在实际中的运用,论述了基于运筹学应用的建筑设计方法的理论基础与依据,阐明了开展建筑设计方法研究工作对于提高建筑设计科学水平的重要作用。     

Co-creating social value through cross-sector collaboration between social enterprises and the construction industry

Emerging social procurement imperatives are driving new forms of cross-sector collaboration between private, public and social enterprise sectors in the construction industry. Yet there is little understanding of how and why social enterprises and private construction firms collaborate in meeting new social procurement imperatives and of the institutional and organizational factors shape these practices. Drawing on theoretical insights from governance, management and policy studies and three case studies of major organizations from across the construction social value chain, the organizational and institutional factors that drive cross-sector collaborations are explored. Documentary analysis of social procurement strategy and policy, non-participant observation of social procurement initiatives in action and in-depth interviews with senior social procurement champions suggest that existing processes of social value co-creation through supply chain relationships more closely reflect a cooperative than a collaborative model, are largely driven by commercial concerns and influenced by industry norms and institutional imperatives. It is concluded that there are significant differences in experience and opportunity for collaboration based on supply chain position and organizational scale and that these have notable effects on the co-creation of social value and the legitimacy of different social benefit providers in the construction industry.     

The evolving role of evidence-based research in healthcare facility design competitions

The architectural design competition remains a widely accepted method to advance design innovation, creativity, theoretical discourse, and the profession. In the realm of healthcare facility design, by contrast, clients and their sponsoring organizations seldom utilize this method. The reasons for this are many, and continue to stand in stark contrast to a growing body of evidence-based research and design (EBR&D)that is potentially of value in improving performance-based dimensions—esthetic and otherwise—of healthcare facilities globally. A comparative analysis of the entrants to a recent U.S. completion was conducted. Based on the results of this analysis, a two-phased healthcare facility design competition paradigm is put forth that is premised on the assumption that the intuitive dimensions of design creativity can be further advanced by means of a well timed and thoughtful injection of quantitatively based knowledge pertaining to patient, family, staff, and organizational concerns and priorities. This proposal׳s limitations, and future opportunities, are discussed.     

Co-producing,curating, and defining design knowledge in an online practitioner community

ABSTRACT

As co-design and other participatory design practices increasingly make design outcomes more accessible to everyday citizens, it is also important to understand how designers negotiate the value of design knowledge that undergirds design action and share this knowledge within their own community to facilitate and evolve their practices. In this study, we analyze UX practitioners’ interactions on Reddit, including patterns of resource sharing and curation that point towards a collective construction of UX as a design discipline. We identified how knowledge from diverse sources was selected and shared with the subreddit community (co-production); the resources that community members engaged with and to what extent (curation); and the collective body of knowledge that characterised the design community (definition of design knowledge). We found that boundary work that sought to define the value of UX knowledge often took place at the periphery of shared resources, either expanding or rearticulating the boundary of UX knowledge in relation to trends in employment and nascent professionalisation. Implications of this work for the co-creation of knowledge to support design practices are considered, focusing on how design knowledge concomitantly shapes and is shaped by client-directed design action.     

以NOX和MVRDV为例浅析当代建筑研究性设计

在分析和总结当今研究性设计基本特点的基础上,以NOX和MVRDV事物所在其各自的设计中对互动性和密度的研究为例,从设计理念和具体设计方法的层面进一步说明研究性设计在具有科学性和逻辑性的同时,还具有开放性与多样性。     

Making and negotiating value: design and collaboration with community led groups

ABSTRACT

Value in collaborative design research and practice can be understood fundamentally as relationships, materials, processes, contexts, and outcomes that are subjects of and for negotiation. We argue for conceptions of value that move beyond traditional ‘outcomes’ based measurements to reimagine and rearticulate value itself as co-created, emerging from negotiation, relationality and immersion in specific contexts. These understandings of value, we argue, are not rooted in or always knowable through designers’ experiences, even as designers participate in creating them. Using case studies from our research we suggest that value in design collaboration emerges as a question: value to whom, and to what end? We propose that addressing these questions ethically through co-design requires actively engaged, grounded work with collaborators based in three principles: being present for the work, participant making, and co-creating capacity for collaborators to ‘go off and do their thing’.     

Exploring social capital in the construction firm

Social capital, which derives from the network of social relationships in which people are embedded, has increasingly been seen as a resource that firms can use and which enables them to tap into and exploit their intellectual capital and, thus, release the firm's innovative potential. Yet, in project-based organizations, there remain many barriers and pitfalls in any attempt to exploit human resource potential in this way. In particular, the one-off nature of project tasks and teams and the importance of individuals' embodied knowledge and learning ensure that while social capital may assume greater importance, at the same time its capture becomes more problematic. This paper presents findings from a research project undertaken in the UK that explores knowledge management for project-based learning across a range of industrial sectors, including construction. Drawing upon a case study analysis of project-based learning in a construction firm, it applies an already established framework to examine the paradoxes that arise when attempts are made to mobilize social capital.     

从部分到整体——入门阶段的建筑设计教学研究

建筑设计入门阶段是重要的设计学习阶段,通过对建筑设计入门阶段的教学定位,形成对设计入门阶段的教学模式特点和要求的认知。在此基础上,以"基础设计"为教学目标,"基本建筑"为教学内容,以分步设计流程为教学模式共同架构从部分到整体的设计入门阶段课程教学框架,并通过设计教学实践的检验,使这一课程体系得到进一步完善和改进。     

Exploration of domestic water demand attitudes using qualitative and quantitative social research methods

The sustainable evolution of the urban water system requires the recognition of uncertainty embedded in both climate and human behaviour. A challenge that water managers and policy makers need to tackle, is to understand the way the society’s water demand behaviour is affected. The inaccuracy between attitudes and behaviours and the cognitive association of water use to living standards, hinders the projection of society’s response to management’s measures. Thus, it is necessary to identify leverage points, where water demand management policies should aim their efforts. This work presents two parts of a social research held in Athens: quantitative questionnaire gathering information regarding the domestic water demand attitudes and behaviours; and a series of qualitative interviews aimed at exploring in-depth, the domestic water use attitudes, and behaviours. This work presents the design and results of both methods and the combination of the quantitative results with insights from the qualitative work.