基于相空间重构和支持向量机的三电平逆变器故障诊断技术

针对三电平逆变器交叉两桥臂的两只功率管同时开路故障(非典型故障)诊断问题,提出一种基于相空间重构和支持向量机(SVM)的故障诊断方法。该方法以三相电流为检测信号,为降低特征向量的维数,对三相电流进行了Park变换,然后采用相空间重构技术,对d、q轴电流分别进行重构,得到不同形状、大小和方向的电流轨迹图形,借助图像处理技术从中提取出故障特征向量,将其作为学习样本,在SVM中训练,使分类器能够建立不同特征向量和故障类型的映射关系,实现对二极管中点箝位型(NPC)三电平逆变器的故障诊断。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确地定位故障元,诊断精度高。     

High Phase Order Transmission Line Fault Types

Abstract

For high phase order (HPO) transmission systems, a major hurdle to overcome is the fault analysis and protection studies needed to guarantee successful implementation. This paper presents new equations which calculate the number of fault types and significant fault types of n-phase transmission lines. In addition, this paper defines and explains symmetrically significant fault types for HPO transmission systems. Lastly, this paper figuratively shows the significant fault types and symmetrically significant fault types for multiple HPO systems, n?=?3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12. The equations and figures presented in this paper will assist in fault analysis and protective relay designs for HPO systems. The equations presented are used to determine the number of fault types a relay will need to account for, and the figurative approach shows the faults to be studied before HPO implementation.     

Reflection-Type Ferroelectric Phase Shifter With Defected Ground Structure

In order to obtain a low-loss ferroelectric phase shifter, we were designed and fabricated the reflection-type ferroelectric phase shifter with the defected ground structure (DGS) resonators. The ferroelectric phase shifter is consisted of a 3-dB 90° branch-line hybrid coupler and terminated reflective circuit with tunable ferroelectric DGS resonator which can provide a high Q resonator characteristic at high frequencies. The design parameters of equivalent circuit for the tunable DGS resonator are derived by circuit analysis method and three-dimensional full wave finite element method. At 13.5 GHz, the fabricated phase shifter exhibited an insertion loss of better than 3.4 dB.     

A Novel Fault Phase Selection Scheme Utilizing Fault Phase Selection Factors

Abstract—A new fault phase selection method for transmission lines is proposed in this article. First, fault phase selection factors are constructed based on the relationship between the fault current of each phase and the fault current difference of the other two phases at a relay point. By analyzing different characteristics of fault phase selection factors in the case of different fault types, fault phase selection criteria are proposed. Simulation results show that fast and accurate selection of the fault phase can be achieved within a period cycle after fault occurs. Also, it is verified that the method bears a high sensitivity to all types of faults and is immune to the impact of fault resistance, fault inception angle, fault location, load current, and high-voltage DC lines, which makes it relatively reliable. Even when a developing fault occurs, good selectivity is secure with this method. Furthermore, the method provides sufficient sensitivity for phase selection on the weak-infeed side and parallel lines.     

融合已知相别和地址信息的低压用户计量表箱识别

用户电能表与表箱的关系不清楚可能导致严重后果,用户电能表的所属计量表箱识别是低压配电网计量拓扑识别问题之一.由于同一计量箱的用户入线共用同一条配电箱母线,若已知总等效单相计量箱数量N,则原问题可转换为基于用户电压时序波形的N类分类问题.在分析这种方法在实际工程应用中缺点的基础上,提出了一种融合已知相别和地址信息的低压配电计量表箱识别方法.首先,采用聚类方法将分相后的电压时序波形辨识到配电分线箱层面.然后,利用经过挖掘和补全的地址文本信息构建基于相邻关系的约束,并采用约束的k-medoids聚类算法将用户区划分为表箱层面.最后,通过2个具典型特征的低压配电网案例验证了所提方法的有效性.     

High‐Response Torque Control of IPMSM Based on a New Coordinate System Suitable for Voltage Amplitude and Phase Control

This paper proposes a torque control method for interior permanent magnetic synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method controls the voltage amplitude and phase based on a new n–t coordinate system. The t‐axis is a tangent line of a constant voltage ellipse, and the n‐axis is a normal line of the ellipse. On the n–t coordinate system, the n‐axis current is not affected by the voltage phase. The n‐axis current is utilized to reduce the mutual coupling between the voltage amplitude controller and phase controller. The proposed method realizes a high torque response for the linear range and overmodulation range of the inverter, including six‐step mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.     

Rotor broken-bar fault diagnosis of induction motor based on HHT of the startup electromagnetic torque

This paper presents a new method for rotor broken-bar fault diagnosis of induction motors. The asymmetry of the rotor caused by broken-bar fault will give rise to the appearance of additional frequency component of 2sf _s (s is slip and f _s is supply frequency) in the electromagnetic torque spectrum. The startup electromagnetic torque signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode function (IMF) with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform. Then, using the instantaneous frequency extraction principle of the Hilbert Transform, the rotor broken-bar fault characteristic frequency of 2sf _s can be exactly extracted from the IMF component, which includes the rotor fault information. Moreover, the magnitude of the IMF which includes the rotor fault information can also give the number of rotor broken bars. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed electromagnetic torque-based fault diagnosis method is feasible. __________ Translated from Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2005, 25(11):107–112 (in Chinese)     

考虑相位跳变的双馈感应发电机转子电压动态特性

风电并网点低电压事件的电压相位跳变(PAJ)及跳变角度值会改变低电压穿越期间双馈感应发电机(DFIG)转子电压动态特性,进而影响保护性能。但现有DFIG故障特性研究中,对PAJ考虑不足。针对这一问题,基于DFIG动态模型,推导考虑PAJ的DFIG定子磁链和转子电压瞬时表达式;采用定子磁链和转子电压空间矢量图分解法,分析PAJ对定子磁链的作用机理,揭示了转子电压直流瞬态分量受PAJ的影响规律;详细研究不同PAJ值、电压幅值和持续时间下定子磁链和转子电压的矢量轨迹特征、振荡衰减特性及其叠加机制,并给出了不同恢复时刻下转子电压的最大、最小值。相应的1.5 MW DFIG仿真结果验证了所提理论分析和方法的正确性。最后,综合分析PAJ任意和约束条件对DFIG转子过压峰值影响规律,提出了一种计及相位补偿的改进励磁控制设计建议。     

Comparative Study of Dynamic Mathematical Models for Deep-Bar Rotor Induction Machine

ABSTRACT

The paper is concerned with the problem of mathematical modelling of the deep-bar rotor induction machine. Two kinds of models were analysed in this paper. The multiple-rotor circuit modal with constant parameters was presented in which the rotor circuit was replaced by a finite number of R-L sections. The method of determining of section parameters for trapezoidal rotor bars on the basis of Riccati differential equation solution was demonstrated. Then the one-rotor circuit model with parameters changing in function of the motor slip was analysed. The method of the equivalent circuit parameters determining on the base of motor nominal data for any rotor bar shape rectangular or trapezoidal was presented. Proposed models were used for simulation of asynchronous motor transients. Results of the digital simulation and laboratory tests were discussed and presented mathematical models were compared.     

基于APSO-SSVM的异步电动机转子故障诊断

基于信号分析的异步电动机的转子断条与偏心故障诊断方法中,常用传统的电机电流信号特征分析(MCSA)方法。由于采样频率偏低、强大的基波旁瓣效应等因素的影响,会导致特征频率成分被淹没、难以量化故障程度等问题。因此,提出了一种基于自适应粒子群优化逐序支持向量机(APSO-SSVM)的异步电动机故障诊断方法。首先,利用经验小波变换(EWT)对原始信号进行滤波;然后,对滤波后的信号进行特征提取并输入到SSVM诊断模型中;最后,通过APSO算法确定各次序下SVM模型的最佳超参数,从而实现转子断条数量的精确故障诊断。     

AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF SYSTEM MATRIX FORMULATION FOR MULTIMACHINE POWER SYSTEMS WITH STATOR AND DAMPING WINDINGS TRANSIENTS INCLUDED

ABSTRACT

In this paper an efficient method of system matrix formulation for multimachine power systems with stator and damping windings transients included is presented. A singular perturbation analysis of the synchronous machine equations in the (d, q) reference frame reveals that reduced order linearized model of multi-machine power systems can be derived systematically from the fundamental machine equations. The application of the developed model in Small Signal (Dynamic) Stability Study of the power system of Serbia is given. The valuable discussion on the practical implementation of the models and dependence on the exciter type is given, too.     

A NEW METHOD FOR RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a new power generating system reliability evaluation model which performs like a Monte Carlo based reliability model but without using random number generators or probability distribution of system components. The proposed method is based on a class of Petri Nets known as timed state machine Petri Nets (TSMPNs). The method is simple, flexible, accurate, and extremely fast. A comparison of results from the new model with those from conventional Monte Carlo based reliability techniques shows the fidelity of the model and its potential usefulness in power system reliability studies.     

发电机进相能力的RBF神经网络模型

发电机进相运行是调节电网电压、改善电能质量的一种经济性、技术性皆优的先进手段。由于发电机是一个多变量、强耦合的非线性系统,基于传统分析方法难以精确建立其进相能力分析模型,本文提出基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的发电机进相能力模型,以发电机有功功率和无功功率为输入,以发电机功角、电网电压为输出,采用江苏电网某600MW发电机进相试验数据训练和测试RBF网络,并探讨了基宽、神经元数的选择对RBF网络收敛精度的影响。研究表明本文所建立的发电机进相RBF模型具有速度快、精度高的优点,具有良好的泛化能力,其性能优于BP神经网络模型。本文提出的方法能有效克服传统进相分析方法的局限性,适用于发电机进相运行实时控制,有推广应用价值。     

The Rutile Phase of TiO2/Graphene Films: Sol–Gel Method,Phase Transition,Photocatalytic Properties

Abstract

TiO₂ materials are of great interest in different applications because of the controllable preparation of different structures. In this paper, the TiO₂ and TiO₂/graphene films with different phase structure and inserted graphene layer between Cu substrate and TiO₂ film were prepared by sol–gel method at different annealing temperatures, and then used as catalysts for photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye solution under ultraviolet irradiation using 15?W of ultraviolet lamp. The effects of annealing temperature and graphene layer on the phase structure, morphology, chemical composition, binding energy level, and photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ films were studied in details. XRD results reveal that the anatase phase of TiO₂ films transfers to rutile phase with the increase in annealing temperature, and the introducing of graphene film layer can accelerate the phase transformation of anatase to rutile and improve the crystallization quality of TiO₂ films. It is found that the MB degradation efficiency of TiO₂ and TiO₂/graphene films is enhanced with the increasing annealed temperature, which shows that the existence of rutile phase, well crystalline quality and the better dispersion of the TiO₂ particles are helpful in photocatalytic behavior. In addition, compared to the rutile phase TiO₂ film, the rutile phase TiO₂/graphene films at annealed temperatures of 900?°C exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity due to the introduction of graphene films.     

Microwave frequency conversion in coplanar waveguide on bilayered substrate with (Ba,Sr)TiO3 film

Abstract

Experimental and simulated spectra of microwave (30GHz) signal at the output of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) based on Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ film are presented and discussed. The modulation of Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ film dielectric constant by the application of high frequency (f ≈ 20MHz) control signal results in the generation of side frequency components in the output signal spectrum. The analysis of experimental data is performed on the basis of considering the CPW section with tunable effective dielectric constant as a phase modulator     

A Model of Phase Transition Kinetics in Lead Scandium Tantalate Thin Films

The phase transformations from amorphous to pyrochlore to perovskite in lead scandium tantalate (PST) thin films during rapid thermal annealing process (RTA) have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The growth and decay of the pyrochlore phase, the growth of the perosvkite PST were analysed using the Avrami model. Integral equations have been derived and numerical calculation been used to simulate the volume fractions for pyrochlore and perovskite as functions of annealing time. Transformation parameters k and n were obtained by comparing the simulated to the experimental intensities using a least-squares curve fitting technique. Activation energies for perovskite formation were calculated. The results indicate that the phase transitions are diffusion-limited. TEM, SEM, and EDS were employed to study the lead loss and other factors affecting phase transitions.     

基于SVR数据驱动的发电机进相极限最优化求解方法

针对发电机进相限制条件中多变量间复杂非线性强耦合关系导致的机理建模难题,提出一种基于支持向量回归（SVR）数据驱动的发电机进相极限最优化求解方法。该方法将发电机进相极限求解问题转化为计及多个进相限制因素约束下的无功功率最小值问题。基于发电机功角方程推导建立无功功率的目标函数方程;基于SVR驱动模型建立约束变量与目标函数自变量的非线性映射关系,形成约束方程模型;采用改进的二阶振荡粒子群算法对优化模型进行求解。算例分析表明,所提方法建模简单,具有较高的精度和较强的泛化能力,可实现对任意已知有功出力工况下的发电机进相极限的快速计算,适用于发电机进相裕度在线建模和监测。     

Evaluating voltage-tunable materials for RF phase shifter technology

Abstract

Today's phased-array antennas use hundreds of radiating elements that use relatively high-loss phase shifters that operate over a limited bandwidth. The number of elements and the phase shifter losses affect the overall cost of the antenna system. Ferroelectric RF phase shifters have the potential to meet the low-loss, low-cost requirements driving many phased-array applications. Some of the issues affecting the development of ferroelectric phase shifters include ferroelectric tunability, dielectric losses, conductor losses, and impedance mismatch. We used the measured tunability (250 kHz, room temperature), dielectric constant, and loss tangent (10 GHz, room temperature) of Ba_1-xSr_x/TiO₃ (0.4x 0.6) with various amounts of MgO additive, 0 to 60 wt.%, to estimate the device performance of microstrip phase shifters. The electromagnetic model of the microstrip (which uses a standard 3-mil-wide 1-oz. copper line, 3-mil-thick BST/MgO composite and the bias criteria of 2 V/μm) has produced performance benchmarks for a number of composites providing 360° of phase shift. While the accuracy of the electromagnetic model used to evaluate these materials has limitations, the results do provide some insight as to which materials may be better suited for 10-GHz phase shift devices.     

Simulation Study on On-Line MTPA/MTPV Trajectory Tracking in PMSMs with Power Management

Abstract

This paper proposes an on-line maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)/maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) trajectory tracking method in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with power management. The on-line MTPA/MTPV machine current trajectory tracking algorithm is developed from PMSM model. Maximum source current and machine current are regulated to enhance hardware protection during machine current trajectory tracking. The maximum source current management is achieved by iterating within the current trajectory tracking algorithm over continuous torque command modifications based on power flow analysis, and the maximum machine current management is achieved by torque command limiting based on current angle modulation. Different from the existing techniques in literature, the proposed method has an unique feature of providing on-line regulation of source current, while maintaining on-line MTPA/MTPV trajectory tracking in PMSMs. It also provides machine and inverter overcurrent regulation to enhance their protection. In addition, the proposed method is flexible to tune and does not require off-line calibration. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation results in MATLAB.     

基于反向传播神经网络的发电机进相能力建模研究

提出一种基于反向传播神经网络（back propagation neural network,BPNN）的发电机进相能力建模新方法。该BPNN含2个隐层和1个输出层,以发电机有功和无功功率为输入,以发电机功角、电网电压为输出。以典型工况下的发电机进相运行试验结果作为训练样本和测试样本,建立了某600Mw发电机进相能力B...