共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jean-Michel Hoc Mark S. Young Jean-Marc Blosseville 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2013,14(2):135-160
The purpose of this paper is to develop a recently proposed framework of human–machine cooperation (Hoc, J.M., 2001. Towards a cognitive approach to human–machine cooperation in dynamic situations. International Journal of Human–Computer Studies, 54, 509–540) and apply it to the domain of in-car automation. Previous models of automation (e.g. Sheridan, T.B. and Verplanck, W.L., 1978. Human and computer control of undersea teleoperators. Cambridge, MA: MIT Man–Machine Systems Laboratory) delineate the roles of human and machine in a task-based manner and primarily from the viewpoint of machine requirements. However, with increasing arguments that automation should support the human operator rather than replace them (e.g. Young, M.S., Stanton, N.A., and Harris, D., 2007. Driving automation: learning from aviation about design philosophies. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 45(3), 323–338), Hoc's (2001) framework offers a means of modelling the interaction from the perspective of teamwork–that is, from the viewpoint of human requirements. In the present context, the framework describes how both the driver and the automation can be considered as separate agents pursuing their own goals while trying to facilitate a common task, but who may interfere with each other positively (e.g. mutual control) or negatively (mutual conflict). Vehicle automation, as an area of fervent research in ergonomics at present, provides the opportunity to explore the framework and use it to interpret current and emerging research findings. It is suggested here that many of the psychological problems underlying the introduction of in-car automation are a result of suboptimal communications between human and machine, and the framework is used to propose directions for future research in this area. 相似文献
2.
Jordan Navarro 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2017,18(6):519-547
A technological race toward always ever-increasing automation is engaged, a race in which automation users are hardly considered. This explains why more automation is not necessarily for the best. A variety of human–machine interaction (HMI) theories co-exist. First, those HMI theories and predictions for lane departure warnings systems (LDWS, assisted driving automation) are described. Second, a synthesis of the key questions currently addressed by empirical data on LDWS is offered. Lastly, a new model of human–machine cooperation modelling is proposed. The model has been inspired by previous theories and empirical data collected with LDWS-assisted driving. Interestingly, automation such as LDWS seems to avoid the ‘ironies of automation’ with no negative effects on human performance. However, a major issue to be addressed is poor automation acceptance. While the focus was set on LDWS to offer a complete overview for this type of device, the model may be extended to other warning assistance devices. 相似文献
3.
Christopher D. D. Cabrall Alexander Eriksson Felix Dreger Riender Happee Joost de Winter 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2019,20(3):332-365
AbstractThis work aimed to organise recommendations for keeping people engaged during human supervision of driving automation, encouraging a safe and acceptable introduction of automated driving systems. First, heuristic knowledge of human factors, ergonomics, and psychological theory was used to propose solution areas to human supervisory control problems of sustained attention. Driving and non-driving research examples were drawn to substantiate the solution areas. Automotive manufacturers might (1) avoid this supervisory role altogether, (2) reduce it in objective ways or (3) alter its subjective experiences, (4) utilize conditioning learning principles such as with gamification and/or selection/training techniques, (5) support internal driver cognitive processes and mental models and/or (6) leverage externally situated information regarding relations between the driver, the driving task, and the driving environment. Second, a cross-domain literature survey of influential human-automation interaction research was conducted for how to keep engagement/attention in supervisory control. The solution areas (via numeric theme codes) were found to be reliably applied from independent rater categorisations of research recommendations. Areas (5) and (6) were addressed by around 70% or more of the studies, areas (2) and (4) in around 50% of the studies, and areas (3) and (1) in less than around 20% and 5%, respectively. The present contribution offers a guiding organisational framework towards improving human attention while supervising driving automation. 相似文献
4.
Jordan Navarro Jean-François Forzy Jean-Michel Hoc 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2010,42(3):904-912
Previous research has shown that a device called “motor priming” (MP) was more effective than other lane departure warning systems. MP prompts drivers to take action by means of small asymmetric oscillations of the steering wheel. The first objective of this experiment was to provide a deeper understanding of MP mechanisms through a series of comparisons with other haptic and auditory systems. The results suggest that much of the improvement in recovery manoeuvres observed with MP is due to the motor cue (proprioceptive pre-activation of the gesture). Other factors, such as delivering the signal directly to the hands (stimulation of response effectors) or using the tactile modality rather than auditory warning, play a lesser role. This supports the hypothesis that MP devices directly intervene at the motor level, in contrast to more traditional warning systems, which only improve situation diagnosis. The second objective was to assess drivers’ acceptance of the assistance devices. A dissociation between efficiency and acceptance of the devices was observed: drivers globally preferred auditory warning to MP. The combination of auditory warning and motor priming appeared to be a good compromise to achieve both effectiveness and acceptance. This experiment illustrates the relevance of simulator studies when dangerous situations are the main targets of the investigation. 相似文献
5.
Lee Skrypchuk Pat Langdon Ben D. Sawyer Alex Mouzakitis P. John Clarkson 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2019,20(2):105-128
In the driving environment, competition exists between Driving Related Activities (DRAs) and Non-Driving Related Activities (NDRAs). This is a source of inattention and human error. Continual proliferation of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) presents drivers with opportunities for distraction. Drivers simultaneously manage DRAs alongside unrelated but cognitively demanding NDRAs. Vehicle designers need ways of understanding human capability in such situations to provide solutions that accommodate these conflicting demands. This paper proposes a framework intended to address such challenges, rooted in the widely accepted construct of Situation Awareness (SA). However, SA theory does not presently accommodate disparate unrelated goal-driven tasks performed in parallel. This framework reconciles the present reality of drivers simultaneously devoting cognitive resources to attain SA for multiple activities by proposing a separate body of knowledge for each active goal. Additionally, the process of achieving SA is expanded to incorporate this concurrent development of separate bodies of goal-directed knowledge. The advantage of reconceptualising SA for driving allows consideration of interface design which minimises the impact of competing activities. The aim is a framework facilitating creation of IVIS that help drivers succeed in multi-goal multitasking situations. Implications of the proposed framework for theory, design and industry-driven automotive safety efforts are discussed. 相似文献
6.
M. Kyriakidis J. C. F. de Winter N. Stanton T. Bellet B. van Arem K. Brookhuis 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2019,20(3):223-249
ABSTRACTAutomated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify commonalities and distinctive perspectives regarding HF challenges in the development of AVs. The experts indicated that an AV up to SAE Level 4 should inform its driver about the AV's capabilities and operational status, and ensure safety while changing between automated and manual modes. HF research should particularly address interactions between AVs, human drivers and vulnerable road users. Additionally, driver-training programmes may have to be modified to ensure that humans are capable of using AVs. Finally, a reflection on the interviews is provided, showing discordance between the interviewees’ statements – which appear to be in line with a long history of HFs research – and the rapid development of automation technology. We expect our perspective to be instrumental for stakeholders involved in AV development and instructive to other parties. 相似文献
7.
The interaction of car drivers and cyclists is one of the main causes of cycle incidents. The role of attitudes and social norms in shaping car drivers’ aggressive behaviour towards cyclists, is not well understood and merits investigation. A sample of 276 drivers completed an online questionnaire concerning their attitudes towards cyclists, attitudes towards risky driving, perception of social norms concerning aggressive driving towards cyclists, and the frequency with which they engage in such aggressive driving behaviours. The results showed that attitudes towards cyclists, as well as social norm perceptions concerning aggressive driving towards cyclists, were associated with aggressive driving towards cyclists. Negative attitudes towards cyclists were more pronounced in non-cyclists than cyclists and their association with aggressive driving behaviour was stronger in cyclists than non-cyclists. The perception of social norms concerning aggressive driving towards cyclists had a stronger association with aggressive driving in non-cyclists than cyclists. Attitudes towards risk taking did not affect aggressive driving towards cyclists. These findings can inform campaigns that aim to improve cyclist and car driver interaction on the roads, making them safer to use for cyclists. 相似文献
8.
Mariateresa Sestito John Flach Assaf Harel 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2013,14(6):692-711
ABSTRACTA great challenge for cognitive neuroscience is studying human behavior in its complexity as it manifests in the real world. The field of aviation provides a unique opportunity to investigate how perception, action and cognition interact in complex yet controlled ecologically valid environments. We suggest a novel cross-domain approach that combines insights from ecological psychology and embodied cognition with a neurophysiological framework to explain patterns of human performance across a variety of aviation contexts. Specifically, we argue that studying the interaction between an agent and the environment, as manifest in the Mirror Neuron system as a neural correlate, is key to understanding complex behavior. We can describe the experience and skills involved with task-relevant actions – like flying an airplane – using brain mechanisms of motor simulation of the observed action. With this direct coupling between perception and action, the automatic implicit nature of the Mirror Neuron system can be harnessed to improve human factor and ergonomics. This analysis offers three areas for future study and application: (1) enhancing flight training by isolating specific agent-environment relations; (2) tracking training progression based on brain signatures of flight expertise; and (3) neuroscientific-inspired ecological design of next-generation human–machine interfaces in flight decks. 相似文献
9.
Jiaofu Li Cong Wang Jiangtao Su Zhihua Liu Hangming Fan Changxian Wang Yanzhen Li Yongli He Nuan Chen Jinwei Cao Xiaodong Chen 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2024,36(25):2400950
Mixed conducting materials with both ionic and electronic conductivities have gained prominence in emerging applications. However, exploring material with on-demand ionic and electronic conductivities remains challenging, primarily due to the lack of correlating macroscopic conductivity with atom-scale structure. Here, the correlation of proton–electron conductivity and atom-scale structure in graphdiyne is explored. Precisely adjusting the conjugated diynes and oxygenic functional groups in graphdiyne yields a tunable proton–electron conductivity on the order of 103. In addition, a wet-chemistry lithography technique for uniform preparation of graphdiyne on flexible substrates is provided. Utilizing the proton–electron conductivity and mechanical tolerance of graphdiyne, bimodal flexible devices serving as capacitive switches and resistive sensors are created. As a proof-of-concept, a breath–machine interface for sentence-based communication and self-nursing tasks with an accuracy of 98% is designed. This work represents an important step toward understanding the atom-scale structure–conductivity relationship and extending the applications of mixed conducting materials to assistive technology. 相似文献
10.
Imitating human neural networks via bio-inspired electronics advances human-machine interfaces (HMI), overcoming von Neumann limitations and enabling efficient, low-energy data processing in the big data era. However, single-contact mode HMIs have inherent limitations in terms of their capabilities and performances, such as constrained adaptability to dynamic environments, and reduced cognitive processing capabilities. Here, a dual-interactive-mode HMI system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and heterojunction synaptic transistor (HJST) is proposed for both contact and non-contact applications. The TENG incorporates a poly-methyl meth-acrylate (PMMA)-NiCo2S4/S film, in which the NiCo2S4/S composite traps and blocks electrons to optimize charge generation and storage. The heterojunction structure, mitigates the Debye screening effect, thereby improving transistor characteristics and reliability. The integrated TENG-HJST system exhibits synaptic functions, including excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation/depression (PPF/PPD), and synaptic plasticity, enabling emulation of neural behavior and advanced information processing. Moreover, neural morphology manipulation is demonstrated in practical tasks, such as controlling international chess games. By integrating the TENG-HJST device with a robotic hand, conscious artificial responses are generated, enhancing event accuracy. This breakthrough in dual-interactive-mode interfacing holds promise for HMI systems and neural prostheses. 相似文献
11.
Zhaoyang Li Zhe Liu Sumei Xu Kaijun Zhang Dazhe Zhao Yucong Pi Xiao Guan Zhengchun Peng Qize Zhong Junwen Zhong 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2024,36(24):2313518
A wearable Braille-to-speech translation system is of great importance for providing auditory feedback in assisting blind people and people with speech impairment. However, previous reported Braille-to-speech translation systems still need to be improved in terms of comfortability or integration. Here, a Braille-to-speech translation system that uses dual-functional electrostatic transducers which are made of fabric-based materials and can be integrated into textiles is reported. Based on electrostatic induction, the electrostatic transducer can either serve as a tactile sensor or a loudspeaker with the same design. The proposed electrostatic transducers have excellent output performances, mechanical robustness, and working stability. By combining the devices with machine learning algorithms, it is possible to translate the Braille alphabet and 40 commonly used words (extensible) into speech with an accuracy of 99.09% and 97.08%, respectively. This work demonstrates a new approach for further developments of advanced assistive technology toward improving the lives of disabled people. 相似文献
12.
LED芯片制备、封装中的自动测试与分拣关键设备仍然依赖国外产品.通过分析LED自动测试与分拣设备实现高速高精度的关键问题,介绍了全自动LED高速高精度自动测试分拣设备研制,包括基于PCI总线技术的高速测试单元和自动测试与分拣机械系统.通过实际测量与试验,工作节拍小于150 ms,包括50 ms测试时间,整机效率达到24 K/h. 相似文献
13.
Many studies in the field of road safety are occupied with studying road unsafety since it generally concentrates on traffic crashes, crash, risk, and aberrant driving behaviour, especially in relation to young drivers. However, this study shows there is scope for thinking about driving and driver training from a different vantage point, that is in terms of safe or normal driving. The findings are reported from four group interviews with young drivers (18–25 years of age); the young drivers discussed their ideas of safe driving and their reasons for using (or not using) safe driving styles. The data show a type of optimistic thinking among young drivers which they call ‘car karma’. This finding offers an opportunity to reconceptualise driving in a way that is focused on normal, safe driving styles, a topic that has received less attention in the past. The paper argues that greater focus on safe driving styles could be more conducive to young drivers actually driving safely than focusing on, for instance, crashes, which on an individual level are relatively rare (Elander et al., 1993, p. 277). Based on empirical research, the first positively stated definition of road safety is proposed based on the notion of ‘car karma’. 相似文献
14.
目的针对目前国内实验室静电纺丝机存在的主要问题,对其设备结构与功能进行研制。方法按照静电纺丝的原理和多功能、自动化操作的技术要求,提出JDFSS-1型多功能静电纺丝机,其包含智能化控制微量计量系统、可快速更换2种收集系统、多轴位移和多角度机构,能够实现不同溶液体系在微量计量系统控制下的多角度喷射,以及平板和滚筒2种接收方式。结果满足x轴移动位移为0~50 mm,转动范围为0~90°,y轴往复移动位移为0~100 mm的多功能自动化静电纺丝工艺要求。结论该设备设计先进、可变参数设置方便、实验数据获得直观可靠,可以满足多种用途、多种材料的实验要求。 相似文献
15.
目的 为解决现有人工使用绳子对编织袋进行捆扎打结效率低、劳动强度大的问题,设计一种基于双套结的编织袋自动捆扎打结机。方法 根据手工打结的过程,将机械化成结划分为束口、打结、套绳、系紧、断绳等步骤。利用3个气爪与2个抱爪的夹持动作将袋口挤成束状,束口后滑轨带动袋子运输到打结工位,再通过电机和气缸来驱动特制的绳结扩大装置来完成旋转成结和扩大绳环,利用横向和竖向滑轨的组合运动将绳环套在袋口,套绳后从绳子的两端拉紧绳结即可实现编织袋自动捆扎打结,构建完成控制系统,并制作出实体样机后进行打结试验。结果 对样机的工作性能进行测试试验,捆扎打结机的打结成功率约为92%,平均打结时长约为28.1s/个。结论 通过编织袋自动捆扎打结机的研发,能有效减少人力劳动,具有推广价值。 相似文献
16.
Yongjie Yu;Haibo Xu;Enhai Song;Dengfeng Peng;Keyu Han;Shiqing Xu;Gongxun Bai; 《Advanced Materials Technologies》2024,9(4):2301628
Flexible sensors have attracted extensive research interest due to their great application potential in biodetection, flexible display, and wearable devices. However, they still have a lot of room for improvement in terms of luminous color, flexibility, and self-powered systems. A wearable, antifreeze, and discoloration sensing system based on electroluminescence, mechanoluminescence, and tribo-power generation is developed in this paper. Triboelectric nanogenerator systems can harvest biomechanical energy from hand clapping and knee/elbow bending to generate real-time electrical signals. The use of dielectric materials reduces the initial voltage and frequency of light-emitting devices, enabling them to be driven by Triboelectric nanogenerators. At the same time, the device can produce red, blue, white, and other multicolor light. In addition, the system can produce an optical signal output due to external mechanical stimulation. As a result, the sensor system is simple to manufacture and unique to operate, proving its potential applications in areas such as cold-resistant displays, wearable optoelectronics, soft robotics, and electronic skin. 相似文献
17.
Hai Lu Wang Tianyu Chen Bojian Zhang Guohui Wang Xudong Yang Kunlin Wu Yifan Wang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(21):2206830
The progress from intelligent interactions and supplemented/augmented reality requires artificial skins to shift from the single-functional tactile paradigm. Dual-responsive sensors that can both detect pre-contact proximal events and tactile pressure levels enrich the perception dimensions and deliver additional cognitive information. Previous dual-responsive sensors show very limited utilizations only in proximity perception or approaching switches. Whereas, the approaching inputs from the environment should be able to convey more valuable messages. Herein, a flexible iontronic dual-responsive artificial skin is present. The artificial skin is sensitive to external object's applied pressure as well as its approaching, and can elicit information of target material categories encoded in the proximal inputs. Versatile applications are then demonstrated. Dual-mode human–machine interfaces are developed based on the devices, including a manipulation of virtual game characters, navigation and zooming in of electronic maps, and scrolling through electronic documents. More importantly, the proof-of-concept application of an entirely touchless material classification system is demonstrated. Three types of materials (metals, polymers, and human skins) are classified and predicted accurately. These features of the artificial skin make it highly promising for next-generation smart engineered electronics. 相似文献
18.
Shengxin Xiang Yuanwei Wang Chi Zhang Zhiwei Zhao Baoping Wang Wenjun Zou Jun Wu 《Advanced Materials Technologies》2023,8(6):2201185
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology endows some traditional devices with intelligent functions. Compared with traditional contact lenses used for correcting vision or beautifying the eyes, smart contact lenses (SCLs) are developed to monitor some physiological information of the eye. Sculls can be used to continuously monitor eye diseases non-invasively in real-time. As a personal electronic device, SCs can aid people in understanding their physical condition better without affecting their personal life. This review mainly discusses the development direction and problems associated with sculls from the perspective of the IoT. SCs consist of three main parts: biosensors, circuits, and human–machine interface (HMI) systems. These three parts correspond to the sensing, connection, and application layer of the IoT. Finally, the problems that may be encountered in the development of SCLs are discussed and potential solutions are proposed. 相似文献
19.
Hao Wang;Qiongling Ding;Yibing Luo;Zixuan Wu;Jiahao Yu;Huizhi Chen;Yubin Zhou;He Zhang;Kai Tao;Xiaoliang Chen;Jun Fu;Jin Wu; 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2024,36(11):2309868
Human–machine interaction (HMI) technology shows an important application prospect in rehabilitation medicine, but it is greatly limited by the unsatisfactory recognition accuracy and wearing comfort. Here, this work develops a fully flexible, conformable, and functionalized multimodal HMI interface consisting of hydrogel-based sensors and a self-designed flexible printed circuit board. Thanks to the component regulation and structural design of the hydrogel, both electromyogram (EMG) and forcemyography (FMG) signals can be collected accurately and stably, so that they are later decoded with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI). Compared with traditional multichannel EMG signals, the multimodal human–machine interaction method based on the combination of EMG and FMG signals significantly improves the efficiency of human–machine interaction by increasing the information entropy of the interaction signals. The decoding accuracy of the interaction signals from only two channels for different gestures reaches 91.28%. The resulting AI-powered active rehabilitation system can control a pneumatic robotic glove to assist stroke patients in completing movements according to the recognized human motion intention. Moreover, this HMI interface is further generalized and applied to other remote sensing platforms, such as manipulators, intelligent cars, and drones, paving the way for the design of future intelligent robot systems. 相似文献
20.
This paper describes a human–automation interactive manufacturing system and presents a formal model for describing and controlling the system. The model presented in this paper considers a system from two perspectives: structural and operational perspectives. Human and an automated controller are considered agents that cooperate to achieve given goals by executing assigned tasks. A human–automation interaction is described with a particular communication model between two agents that exchanges messages. A system control schema and human tasks are modelled separately and then integrated in a formal manner using a modified communicating finite state machine framework. An interface model that coordinates the message exchanges between two agents is then introduced. An automated shop floor control system with a human material handler is modelled with the proposed framework and a simple illustrative example is provided. 相似文献