Fixed wireless routes for Internet access

The author discusses the use of fixed radio access in urban and rural locations for Internet access. The costs involved are discussed and compared to wired access costs. The frequency bands available are considered as are the propagation conditions and antenna aspects     

激光无线技术在Internet接入中的应用

介绍了激光无线技术在Internet接入中的优势，网络拓扑结构，调制和编码的方式以及传输波长的选择。     

Broadband wireless access and future communication networks

This paper presents a vision for wireless communication systems beyond the third generation, which comprises a combination of several optimized access systems on a common IP-based medium-access and core network platform. These different access systems will interwork via horizontal and vertical handover, service negotiation, and global roaming. The different access systems are allocated to different cell layers in the sense of hierarchical cells with respect to cell size, coverage, and mobility to provide globally optimized seamless services to all users. This vision requires extensive international research and standardization activities to solve many technical challenges. Key issues are the global interworking of different access systems on a common platform, the implementation of multimode and multiband terminals and base stations by software-defined radio concepts as well as advanced antenna concepts     

Distributed wireless communication system: a new architecture for future public wireless access

The distributed wireless communication system (DWCS) is a new architecture for a wireless access system with distributed antennas, distributed processors, and distributed control. With distributed antennas, the system capacity can be expanded through dense frequency reuse, and the transmission power can be greatly decreased. With distributed processors control, the system works like a software or network radio, so different standards can coexist, and the system capacity can be increased by coprocessing of signals to and from multiple antennas.     

移动无线互联网接入中视频编码率控制策略

建立了用于移动无线互联网接入的视频编码转换模型,提出了自适应运动矢量估值方法.将编码转换码率控制分为图像层控制和宏块层两级,首先在总体上对每帧图像的编码比特数进行预分配,然后采用小波变换系数来表征图像特征,为帧内不同特征的宏块选用不同的量化因子,提出了一种新的码率控制策略.模拟实验表明:该方法在视频图像质量没有明显失真的前提下,提高了视频编码转换速度;编码转换输出码流和编码转换缓冲区占用量较稳定,重建图像的信噪比得到了明显的改善.     

宽带固定无线接入技术与未来发展

宽带固定无线接入被认为是新兴电信运营商解决“最后 一公里”接入问题的首选技术，本文综述了宽带固定无线 接入技术的发展现状、竞争环境以及几个主要的代表技术， 并分析了其未来获得良性发展的几个关键因素和策略。     

Traffic characterization of a residential wireless Internet access

Traffic characterization is an important means for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to adapt and to optimize their networks to the requirements of the customers. Most network measurements are performed in the backbone of these ISPs, showing both, residential and business Internet traffic. However, the traffic characteristics of business and home users differ significantly. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect only home user traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements, showing daily traffic fluctuations, flow statistics as well as application distributions. The results show a difference to backbone traffic characteristics. Furthermore, we observed a shift from web and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing traffic to streaming applications.     

An autonomic mobility management solution for the future wireless Internet

The recent development of a myriad of heterogeneous wireless technologies that share the same core IP is driving the mobility as a key issue for the future wireless Internet. One of the critical challenges is to support uninterrupted and seamless multimedia services while on the move. This article focuses on mobility management in the future Internet regarding a solution proposed in the Autonomic Internet (AutoI) project. Our mobility management solution aims at enhancing user mobility experience and enabling adaptability and context awareness in the future wireless Internet. This is achieved through the use of more adequate information exploited by a utility-based mobility decision approach as well as a hysteresis margin to preserve decision stability. The proposed solution is discussed and experimental validations are performed to evaluate its impact on real-world scenarios. The proposed solution has been demonstrated to be effective in providing seamless user experience even with frequent handovers. Further, the use of the hysteresis-based mobility decision solution has been effective to reduce the number of handovers, without precluding the quality of connections.     

Steady-State analysis of a split-connection scheme for Internet access through a wireless terminal

TCP does not perform well in a connection that includes a lossy wireless link. Techniques intended to improve the performance of TCP for such connections can be grouped into three categories: end-to-end, link layer and split-connection approaches. Some simulations and experimental results indicate that split-connection protocols yield better performance than the other two approaches. Although analytical modeling of the end-to-end and link-layer approaches has been presented, no comparable performance analysis for split-connection protocols has been reported previously. In this paper, a stochastic model is developed and used to analyze the performance of a class of split-connection protocols which deploy TCP on the wire-line network and a light-weight transport protocol on the wireless final hop. The final hop is provided by a digital TDMA cellular system. The condition of heavy source traffic to the wireless terminal is considered. The model relates the throughput and some useful auxiliary performance measures to key system parameters such as propagation delays, the base-station buffer size, the ARQ protocol and channel-error process of the wireless link. The usefulness of the analysis is illustrated by its application to the problem of sizing the TCP receiving buffer in a base station.     

Spectrum resource allocation for wireless packet access withapplication to advanced cellular Internet service

The advanced cellular Internet service (ACIS) is targeted for applications such as Web browsing with a peak downlink transmission rate on the order of 1-2 Mbits/s using a wide-area cellular infrastructure. In order to provide bandwidth on demand using scarce radio spectrum, the medium-access control (MAC) protocol must: 1) handle dynamic and diverse traffic with high throughput, and 2) efficiently reuse limited spectrum with high peak rates and good quality. Most of the existing approaches do not sufficiently address the second aspect. This paper proposes a dynamic packet assignment (DPA) scheme which, without coordinating base stations, allocates spectrum on demand with no collisions and low interference to provide high downlink throughput. Interference sensing and priority ordering are employed to reduce interference probability. A staggered frame assignment schedule is also proposed to prevent adjacent base stations from allocating the same channel to multiple mobiles at the same time. Simulation results based on a packet data traffic model derived from wide-area network traffic statistics, which exhibit a “self-similar” property when aggregating multiple sources, confirm that this method is able to reuse spectrum efficiently in a large cellular system having many users with short active periods. Distributed iterative power control further enhances spectrum efficiency such that the same channel can be simultaneously reused in every base station     

Multiple antenna systems: their role and impact in future wireless access

Multiple antennas play an important role in improving radio communications. In view of this role, the area of multiple antenna communication systems is in the forefront of wireless research. This article reviews two key related aspects of multiple antenna communication systems: multiple access interference mitigation at the receiver via multi-user beamforming; and space-time modulation and coding for MIMO systems. It is shown that both multi-user and MIMO receivers share similar signal processing and complexity tradeoffs.. Following that, a general unified framework for assessing different types of space-time modulation for MIMO systems is introduced. These space-time modulation methods are then compared in terms of Shannon capacity over multipath channels. Key MIMO system performance and implementation issues are also highlighted.     

Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access:prospects and future directions

This article addresses basic issues regarding the design and development of wireless access and wireless LAN systems that will operate in the 60 GHz band as part of the fourth-generation (4G) system. The 60 GHz band is of much interest since this is the band in which a massive amount of spectral space (5 GHz) has been allocated worldwide for dense wireless local communications. The article gives an overview of 60 GHz channel characteristics and puts them in their true perspective. In addition, we discuss how to achieve the exploitation of the abundant bandwidth resource for all kinds of short-range communications. The main tenor is that an overall system architecture should be worked out that provides industry with plenty of scope for product differentiation. This architecture should feature affordability, scalability, modularity, extendibility, and interoperability. In addition, user convenience and easy and efficient network deployment are important prerequisites for market success. This article discusses these features and indicates a number of key research topics     

Multiple access protocol for power-controlled wireless access nets

We consider ad hoc wireless networks that are configured as Mobile Backbone Networks. A hierarchical network architecture is synthesized, consisting of Access Nets (ANets) and Backbone Nets (BNets). Each ANet is managed by a (dynamically elected) Backbone Node (BN) that is equipped with higher capability (transmission and processing) modules. The BNs are chosen from currently active mobile backbone-capable nodes or are represented by (ground and/or airborne) unmanned vehicles (UVs) that are guided into selected positions. We develop and investigate a new joint power controlled medium access control (MAC) algorithm for wireless access nets (ANets). Under our new protocol, the net backbone node instructs the ANet nodes to make power control adjustments while simultaneously allocating to them slots for the requested transmissions of their packets. This algorithm, in contrast to other employed conventional graph-based scheduling algorithms, satisfies the requirement that a minimum signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) is met at all intended receivers. We show our algorithm to lead to a significant increase in the net throughput level by attaining high spatial reuse.     

A road to future broadband wireless access: MIMO-OFDM-Based air interface

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is a popular method for high-data-rate wireless transmission. OFDM may be combined with multiple antennas at both the access point and mobile terminal to increase diversity gain and/or enhance system capacity on a time-varying multipath fading channel, resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output OFDM system. In this article we give a brief technical overview of MIMO-OFDM system design. We focus on various research topics for the MIMO-OFDM-based air interface, including spatial channel modeling, MIMO-OFDM transceiver design, MIMO-OFDM channel estimation, space-time techniques for MIMO-OFDM, and error correction code. The corresponding link-level simulation results are encouraging, and show that MIMO-OFDM is a promising road to future broadband wireless access.     

Cache memory replacement policy for a uniprocessor system

Cache memory hierarchies are used to buffer those portions of main memory with the most frequent use by the CPU. As cache memory is very costly, good design techniques must consider small cache sizes maintaining high levels of use (hit ratio) and ease of implementation. The memory replacement policy is important is maintaining a high hit ratio. Most replacement policies used are easily implemented when the main memory has fixed page locations. A new cache algorithm using a variable page configuration is explained in terms of program behaviour.<>     

Broadband wireless access

This article reviews the technologies and potential markets, applications, and architectures for broadband wireless access. The emergence of wireless communications for cellular systems is presented, together with its projected future evolution to mobile wideband systems. The field of broadband access systems, services, and network architectures is also covered, and then systems for broadband wireless communications for indoor local area networks and outdoor public fixed access networks are discussed. Broadband wireless access systems are emerging as a new and growing area of telecommunications, since the ability to provide access without extensive installation of copper or fiber infrastructures make wireless technology well suited for broadband services. Finally, some of the key enabling technologies, such as adaptive antennas and video compression, and the future architectural directions of broadband wireless networks are presented     

ZigBee无线局域网与Internet的接入设计

为了实现对ZigBee网络远程监控,讨论了在ZigBee网络中采集的物品信息如何用GPRS接入Internet的方式,从而实现远程对ZigBee无线局域网络的信息监测与控制。     

基于PageRank的缓存替换策略

为了提高代理缓存的性能,提出了基于PageRank的缓存替换策略。该算法是从用户访问行为对文件对象价值具有影响的角度提出的,该算法首先将用户和文件对象类比为网络中的节点,将用户和文件对象之间的访问关系抽象为网络中的连线,然后采用PageRank算法计算文件和用户的权重值,最后在需要进行缓存替换时,优先替换文件权重值小的文件。仿真实验的结果表明,相对于LFU算法,该算法具有较高的请求命中率和字节命中率。     

Antenna systems for broadband wireless access

Broadband wireless access along with evolving mobile Internet and multimedia services are driving the surge of research and development activities for future wireless communication systems. We provide an overview of antenna systems for broadband wireless communications and introduce some of the important issues surrounding them. The approach we use is to first provide a general framework of how antenna systems may be utilized in wireless communication systems and then describe the antenna systems themselves. In particular, we consider antenna systems for the base station, mobile station, and then finally multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems where antenna systems are utilized at both the base and mobile stations