Comment on 'Active simulation of grounded inductors with CCII+ s and grounded passive elements'

This comment shows that circuits for active simulation of grounded inductors with plus-type second-generation current-conveyors (CCII + s) and grounded passive elements can be systematically derived from Sedra-Smith gyrator realization. In addition to the available realizations, new circuit topologies are presented. Some of the new topologies can yield inductance forms which are not realizable using the available topologies. Also, a new topology for realizing pure inductance without recourse to element matching conditions is presented.     

New grounded simulated inductance circuit using a single PFTFN

A new single-PFTFN based lossless grounded inductance simulation circuit has been presented. The proposed circuit employs a single PFTFN along with four resistors and a single capacitor and realises a lossless grounded inductance subject to the fulfillment of only one realization condition. Some sample results of circuits realized with the new simulated inductor using existing CMOS FTFN implementation have been given to demonstrate the workability of the new circuit.     

Novel lossless synthetic floating inductor employing a grounded capacitor

A new lossless synthetic floating inductance circuit, employing a grounded capacitor and CC IIs as active elements, is presented which, in contrast to recently reported circuits, does not require any component-matching condition for the desired realisation. The other novel features of the circuit are use of a minimum possible number of passive components and inductance control through a single grounded resistor.     

Realisation of single-resistance-controlled lossless floating inductance

A new active RC circuit is proposed for the realisation of lossless floating inductance employing three operational amplifiers as unity-gain summers, three external resistors and a single grounded capacitor. Unlike other existing three-amplifier and two-amplifier circuits for lossless floating inductance, the new circuit realises an inductance that is controllable through a single resistor.     

Low-sensitivity high-frequency inductance realisation without capacitor

A stable low-component active R circuit is given for the simulation of nonideal grounded inductance. It has low L and Q sensitivities. Independent Q tuning is possible. The circuit is extended to realise floating inductance. The theory is experimentally verified.     

A Versatile Active Circuit for Realising Floating Inductance, Capacitance, FDNR and Admittance Converter

An active circuit suitable for realizing floating inductance, capacitance, FDNR and admittance converter depending on the selection of passive elements of the circuit is presented. The proposed circuit employs only two dual output second-generation current conveyors (DO-CCIIs) and does not require passive element matching. The proposed network has a grounded capacitor for the floating inductance and capacitance simulation. Frequency performance of the circuit is tested using SPICE.     

Realization of New Mutually Coupled Circuit Using CC-CBTAs

A novel circuit for the realization of the mutually coupled circuit using three current-controlled current backward transconductance amplifiers (CC-CBTAs) as active components is proposed. The active mutually coupled circuit structures are also called the synthetic transformers. The circuit is derived by using three floating simulated inductors that are connected as the T-type transformer model. The circuit has the following attractive advantages: (i) The values of a primary self-inductance, a secondary self-inductance and a mutual inductance can be independently tuned by the transconductance gain of the CC-CBTAs; (ii) The circuit uses three grounded capacitors that are suitable from the point of integrated circuit implementation; (iii) It uses only three active components; (iv) It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to the tracking errors; (v) Both positive and negative couplings are achieved and the coupling coefficient is not limited by 1 in magnitude; (vi) Symmetrical coupling is achieved without necessitating any matching condition; (vii) The proposed circuit has a floating structure.     

Active inductances using current conveyors and their application in a simple bandpass filter realisation

An active grounded inductance using a single second generation current conveyor (CC II) as the active element and three passive components is proposed. The inductance is seen to be suitable for moderate-Q applications. For high-Q with independent Q-controlled inductances suitable circuit techniques pertaining to the introduction of a second CC II as a voltage follower are also presented.     

Floating inductance simulation based on current conveyors

A basic floating inductance simulation circuit with grounded capacitance using only noninverting second-generation current conveyors as active elements is introduced. The circuit is modified by using current controlled conveyors, yielding electronically tunable inductances. Simulation results are also presented     

Inductor simulation using a single unity gain amplifier

A circuit consisting of a single unity gain amplifier, two resistors (R/SUB 1/,R/SUB 2/), and a capacitor (C) is presented for realization of a grounded inductor for integrated circuits. The circuit behaves as an inductor with inductance L=CR/SUB 1/R/SUB 2/ and maximum Q/SUB 0/=(R/SUB 1//R/SUB 2/)/SUP 1/2//2. Experimental results agree closely with the theoretical calculations.     

Electronically tunable floating inductance simulator

In this letter, a new floating inductance simulator circuit is presented. The proposed structure consists of only one grounded capacitor without any external resistors and two different active elements. The active elements are dual-output current-controlled current conveyor (DO-CCCII) and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The proposed inductance simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the DO-CCCIIs or by changing the current of the OTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to tracking errors. As an application, the proposed inductance simulator is used to construct a fourth-order resistively terminated LC band-pass filter. The theoretical analysis is verified by the SPICE simulation results.     

Tutorial review: Realization and performance assessment of active-R inductors

Inductance simulation has been a topic of considerable interest for researchers. In this review-cum-tutorial paper, new as well as available grounded and floating active-R inductance simulators are considered and critically studied. It is shown that simulators basically realize non-ideal inductors. A novel circuit for high-Q realization is given. Experimental results are also included.     

Electronically tunable OTA-C mutually coupled circuit

A novel method for realising a mutually coupled circuit using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) as active elements is proposed. The realised circuit is composed of eight OTAs and two grounded capacitors, and the values of a primary selfinductance, a secondary selfinductance and a mutual inductance can be independently tuned through the bias currents of the OTAs.<>     

A new simulation of mutually coupled circuit based on CCIIs

In this paper, a new circuit for simulating a mutually coupled circuit is presented. The circuit employs four second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as active elements, together with five resistors and two grounded capacitors as passive elements. The values of a primary self-inductance, a secondary self-inductance and a mutual inductance can be chosen arbitrarily. As an application, a double-tuned circuit is simulated using the proposed circuit to confirm its validity.     

Multifunction active RC circuit with grounded capacitors

A new active RC circuit with grounded capacitors is proposed, which can perform as any one of the following devices: noninverting differentiator, inverting differentiator, capacitance bridge, inductance simulator, bandpass filter and oscillator.     

Active grounded inductor circuit

In this article, a novel active grounded inductor is proposed. The circuit utilises two optical amplifiers in a simple configuration that has a buffered output capable of delivering relatively high currents. The circuit possesses good characteristics with inductance error and quality factor that with compensation are better than the corresponding parameters for the Antoniou GIC. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Realization of frequency dependent negative resistance

A new active network is proposed for realising a frequency dependent negative resistance (FDNR). It employs two second generation current conveyors of the positive type, three resistors and three capacitors. It is further shown that by appropriate choice of components the circuit can realise an RC resonator and a grounded inductance. The sensitivities of the realised elements with circuit components is shown to be low.     

DXCCII-based grounded inductance simulators and filter applications

In this paper two new grounded inductance simulators based on DXCCII suitable for operation in 30 kHz-30 MHz frequency range, are presented. The proposed circuits both employ only a single dual X second-generation current conveyor (DXCCII) active device accompanied with three and four passive elements, respectively. The accuracy of the simulated inductors is verified by implementing them in some filter applications. Also, a novel multi-input single-output universal filter derived from one of the new grounded inductance simulators is simulated to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed circuit. Simulation results using AMS 0.35 μm CMOS process technology parameters are included.     

电感性负载的非福斯特电路研究与设计

基于非福斯特电路的有源电小天线宽带匹配在工程应用领域受到广泛关注。文中以电小环天线的等效电路为负载,提出一种接地型运放管的非福斯特电路,并对其负阻抗转换性能进行了分析。经过仿真分析,在2-30MHz频段内,单级运放非福斯特电路可以实现99%的电感转换率;两级运放乘法电路能够将电路的输入阻抗匹配到50欧姆,S11在整个频段内小于-26dB。实物测试了两级运放乘法器电路,验证了接地型运放管非福斯特匹配电路可较好地提高电感性电小天线的性能。     

Grounded capacitance multipliers based on active elements

In this study, we present two new grounded capacitance multiplier circuits based on a negative-type second-generation current conveyor (CCII-) and an inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII). The first proposed circuit consists of one CCII- and a voltage follower (VF) employing two NMOS transistors while the second proposed circuit is composed of an ICCII and an inverting voltage follower (IVF) including two NMOS transistors. Each circuit contains two resistors, and single grounded capacitor, which is attractive for integrated circuit realization. No active and passive component matching conditions are required for the realization of the proposed capacitance multiplier circuits. The simulation results are included to confirm the theory.