Universal Electrical Characteristics of Steelmaking Arc Furnaces

A single dependence of the power factor on the arc current is established for all steelmaking arc furnaces. On that basis, universal furnace characteristics may be calculated, determining the functional relationship of the active, reactive, and apparent power with the arc current. By that means, precise and simple calculation of the electrical characteristics is possible for arc furnaces of any power, with any primary and secondary transformer voltages, including superpowerful furnaces with reactors on the step-up side of the transformer. Detailed analysis of all the arc characteristics is consistent with current notions regarding the physical processes in arc furnaces.     

承钢副产煤气在轧钢加热炉的应用

结合加热炉现状,介绍了承钢3种副产煤气:焦炉煤气、高炉煤气和转炉煤气的特性及其在轧钢加热炉上的应用情况。     

Improving blast-furnace operation by optimizing the natural-gas and oxygen consumption

The goal is to improve the operation of a group of blast furnaces by redistribution of the available energy resources between them. Analysis of production data yields the energy characteristics of the blast furnaces. Consumption figures are used to develop recommendations regarding the rational distribution of energy resources between the furnaces so as to reduce the overall coke consumption by 2.0?C2.5 kg/t of hot metal. The optimal theoretical combustion temperature in all the furnaces may be derived by correlation calculations and used to determine the optimal ratio of oxygen and natural-gas consumption. In furnace operation at near-optimal temperature, the coke consumption is reduced by 0.40?C0.90 kg/t of hot metal, while the productivity rises by 1.2?C3.1%.     

Acoustic characteristics of electric arc furnaces

A mathematical model is constructed to describe the appearance and development of the noise characteristics of superpower electric arc furnaces. The noise formation is shown to be related to the pulsation of the axial plasma flows in arc discharges because of the electrodynamic pressure oscillations caused by the interaction of the self-magnetic field with the current passing in an arc. The pressure in the arc axis changes at a frequency of 100 Hz at the maximum operating pressure of 66 kPa for an arc current of 80 kA. The main ac arc sound frequencies are multiples of 100 Hz, which is supported in the practice of operation of electric arc furnaces. The sound intensity in the furnace laboratory reaches 160 dB and is decreased to 115–120 dB in the working furnace area due to shielding by the furnace jacket, the molten metal, and the molten slag. The appropriateness of increasing the hermetic sealing of electric furnaces and creating furnaces operating at low currents and high transformer voltages is corroborated.     

钼焙烧多膛炉-独立式升降平台的研制和应用

独立式升降平台是钼焙烧多膛炉专用设备，用于炉膛内粘接物的清理，根据多膛炉的结构特点专门设计，与国外同类设备相比有明显的技术优势，属该领域内的先进技术项目。     

高炉使用高比例球团的战略思考与球团生产的试验研究

 从战略发展角度分析了高炉使用高比例球团的优势和存在的问题,指出了高炉使用高比例球团的战略机遇。根据国内高硅铁精粉特点,开展了高硅酸性和熔剂性的镁质球团造球、干燥和焙烧等基础研究,分析了球团抗压强度、高温冶金性能、回转窑生产过程结圈形成机理等基础特性,提出了球团生产的基本操作参数设计特点,实现了链箅机回转窑生产高硅镁质酸性和熔剂性球团的稳定连续生产。完成了高比例球团矿高炉冶炼生产试验。实践证明,高比例球团矿冶炼的高炉生产稳定顺行,各项指标优于高比例烧结矿冶炼的高炉,操作思路可复制、冶炼结果可重现、操作经验可推广,并且环境效益巨大,SO₂、NO_x、PM和CO₂的排放远远优于高比例烧结矿生产的高炉。可以预见,优质冶金球团的制备和高炉高比例球团冶炼将是破解中国钢铁长流程降低污染物排放,实现低碳冶炼和可持续发展的最佳举措。     

可塑料在鞍钢热轧带钢厂加热炉上的应用

介绍了可塑料的性能特点、施工方法和在鞍钢热轧带钢厂加热炉炉顶上的使用效果.可塑料耐剥落性好,可承受炉温的剧烈变化,使用寿命长,适合在大型的连续加热炉炉顶上推广使用.     

Induction systems and methods for the medium-frequency refining of ferrous metals

Increasing use is being made of crucible-type medium-frequency induction furnaces, since they best satisfy current requirements on the quality of metals and alloys in terms of efficiency and functional capabilities. These furnaces have excellent performance characteristics, are environmentally safe, can be easily adapted to modern metallurgical production, and are the most promising type of furnace for foundry use in the coming decades.     

21世纪初巨型高炉的技术特征

对近10年国内外建成投产的巨型高炉技术装备进行了阐述,研究分析了当代巨型高炉的技术特征。认为当代巨型高炉在工艺技术装备方面取得了长足进步,在高炉大型化、精料、无料钟炉顶设备与炉料分布控制、高炉长寿、高风温、富氧喷煤、煤气干法除尘等方面成就突出。     

有害元素对攀钢高炉的危害分析

 分析了锌和碱金属等有害元素在炉内行为和攀钢高炉结瘤物成分及有害元素走向,揭示了有害元素对攀钢钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼产生的危害,锌对攀钢高炉已经产生危害,而碱金属目前未对高炉产生不良影响,但随着炉料结构的变化不容忽视,并提出了相应的应对措施。     

大容量矿热炉设计中解决电效率与热效率的有效途径

大容量矿热炉(铁合金炉、工业硅炉、电石炉等)设计中,如何使电炉具有良好的经济指标非常关键,文章强调大容量电炉设计过程中需要特别关注的电效率与热效率的问题,同时针对组合式把持器技术进行了分析,为开发大容量矿热炉提出建议,达到设计合理、安全可靠、经济实用。     

台车式加热炉节能技术研究与应用

我国冶金系统轧钢加热炉约1000多座,均热炉400多座,还有数以千计的室式炉、台式炉、热处理炉,这些炉窑每年要消耗1000多万吨标煤.这些火焰炉热效率要比国外先进水平低一半左右,国内同类炉子的燃料消耗先进和落后的相比差距高达一倍以上.本文仅就冶金、机械行业的台车炉节能计术研究与应用加以论述,大力推广生产上行之有效的成熟节能计术,达到节能降耗的目的.     

Heat losses and energy efficiency of arc steel-melting furnaces

The dependences of the heat loss power and the energy efficiency of arc steel-melting furnaces with a refractory lining on the arc current and length are analyzed. The influence of varying the heat loss power on the operating characteristics of an arc furnace is considered.     

集束射流氧枪技术及应用

集束射流氧枪具有射流长度长、穿透深度大、对钢液熔池搅拌能力强等特点。介绍了集束射流氧枪技术的原理、特点以及在国内外电炉和转炉上的应用情况,并对该技术在国内的应用前景进行了分析。     

Control of the energy structure of the working space of arc steelmaking and electric ore smelting furnaces—mechanism for increasing their efficiency

The energy processes in the three main zones of the working space of an electric arc furnace, namely, the zone of charge materials and slag with a low electrical conductivity, the arc discharge zone, and the zone with materials having metallic conduction, are considered. It is shown that the distribution of energy fluxes between these zones in electric ore smelting furnaces and electric arc furnaces determines the efficiency of their dc operation. A general approach to creating high-efficiency melting furnaces is proposed. This approach implies control of the structure of energy fluxes; as a result, energy and raw materials are saved and the ecological characteristics of the processes and the metal quality are improved.     

Analytical models for the gas carburizing process

Mathematical models for carburizing in batch and continuous furnaces are described. Both the steady-state model for continuous furnaces and the time-dependent model for batch furnaces are based on material balances, with thermodynamic equilibrium of the constituents of the furnace atmosphere assumed. The instantaneous rate of carburizing is taken to be proportional to the difference between the carbon potential of the furnace atmosphere and the surface carbon content of the work load. Computer programs incorporating these models were written which predict furnace operating characteristics for any assumed process. The continuous furnace model predicts the pattern of internal gas flow within the furnace and computes the natural gas (or air) additions to each zone needed to achieve the desired carbon potentials and satisfy the carbon demand. The batch furnace model describes how the furnace atmosphere changes in composition during carburizing as a result of the interaction of the instantaneous carbon demand and the rate of supply of carburizing gases to the furnace. Examples of the use of these programs are given, and the limitations of the predictions are discussed.     

精铝生产线熔化炉的设计特点

结合工业精铝的生产工艺特点及对生产环境的特殊要求,对熔化炉结构进行了针对性的设计,并对与铝液接触的炉衬材料成分做了严格的限制,从而保证生产出高纯度的工业精铝。     

高炉大型化与我国高炉的发展状况

论述了世界高炉大型化发展情况，指出世界高炉大型化的发展过程是以建造大型，巨型高炉逐步淘汰小，中型高炉，而我国在建造大，中型高炉的同时小型高炉也蜂拥而上，星罗密布，这些地小高炉设备水平落后，生产效率低，造成矿产资源和能源严重浪费和对环境的严重污染。     

Obtaining Multi-Component Pellets from Finely Dispersed Chromium Concentrates,Refined Ferrochrome Slags and Diatomite Raw Materials of Kazakhstan

Metallurgist - High-strength multi-component chrome pellets with specified physical and chemical characteristics were obtained for smelting chromium ferroalloys in the electric arc furnaces by...     

首钢高炉锌及碱金属负荷的研究

对首钢两座高炉的锌负荷和碱金属负荷进行了研究,其锌负荷分别为497、680 g/t,碱金属负荷分别3.5673、.487 kg/t,均明显高于同行业标准。锌负荷和碱金属负荷偏高已影响高炉正常生产,必须尽快对高炉洗气灰等高锌物料进行脱锌处理,严密监视高炉碱金属平衡,在必要时采取排碱的技术措施。