基于信号二次方谱相关特征的MPSK调制识别

针对MPSK信号的调制识别问题,提出了一种新的基于二次方谱相关特征的识别算法。本文对MPSK信号二次方谱相关特性进行了推导和分析,并根据二次方循环谱特性提出了一种新的基于二次谱相关密度的归一化识别特征,新识别特征不受载波相位误差、信号幅度变化的影响,且特征提取方法简单、高效,有利于工程实现。最后对算法识别性能进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明在低信噪比下该算法具有良好的识别性能,在高斯白噪声环境下,当信噪比为4 dB时,正确识别率可达到95%以上。理论分析和仿真结果都证实了该算法的有效性和可靠性。      

Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: Part II--Digital Modulation

As a continuation of Part I, the spectral correlation function is presented for a variety of types of digitally modulated signals. These include digital pulse-amplitude, pulse-width, and pulse-position modulation, and various types of phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying. The magnitudes of the spectral correlation functions are graphed as the heights of surfaces above a bifrequency plane, and these graphs are used as visual aids for comparison and contrast of the spectral correlation properties of different modulation types.     

基于扫频二进制偏移副载波的伪码扩频调制体制及其特性的研究

该文基于常规二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制体制的数学模型,提出一种新型的基于扫频二进制偏移载波调制(FC-BOC)的伪码扩频体制。在这种调制体制中,BOC调制体制数学模型中的固定频率二进制偏移载波被改进为线性扫频二进制偏移载波,使之不仅继承了BOC信号的性质,还具有更加独特的性质。仿真研究和算法实验表明:FC-BOC调制体制保留了BOC调制体制的主要优点,特别是具有狭窄的主相关峰和出色的副峰抑制特征而避免了多相关峰模糊性,功率谱密度函数呈现类似带通白噪声功率谱密度函数的形态。FC-BOC调制体制信号生成算法、接收算法的结构与常规BOC调制体制类似,算法复杂度相当于常规BOC调制体制,适合纯数字编程设计实现。     

不对称的随机极性甚小幅相调制系统

为了紧缩随机极性MCP-EBPSK调制信号的频谱,消除边带线谱,同时易于电路实现和芯片集成,提出了一种不对称的随机极性甚小幅相调制(ARP-VMAP)。该方法是对随机极性MCP-EBPSK调制的波形表达式进行了简化和近似,消除了超越函数,使得调制器更容易硬件实现,工作频率更高。仿真结果表明:即使在-74dB边带功率带宽的苛刻要求下,ARP-VMAP调制能完全去除已调信号功率谱中的线谱分量,获得比随机极性MCP-EBPSK更高的频谱利用率,且解调性能也显著提高,对于发射能量的利用率更高,有利于节能环保。      

干涉型光纤传感的相位载波调制解调算法

相位载波调制解调算法是干涉测量的关键技术之一。阐述了相位载波的调制解调原理,说明了相关参数的最佳选取数值,介绍了两种传统的相位载波解调算法,描述了相位载波算法存在的有限的动态范围问题、伴生调幅问题、载波相位延迟问题和相应的解决办法。最后总结相位载波调制解调算法的问题并展望了光纤传感器的发展趋势。     

压缩光谱成像空间编码的调制效应

空间光调制过程是空间编码压缩光谱成像方法中影响光谱成像数据保真度的重要环节。为拓展现有压缩光谱成像空间光调制的编码种类,揭示其与成像数据保真度的关联规律,针对压缩光谱成像中的编码调制效应展开研究。基于成像系统物理模型,拓展现有二值化编码振幅调制方法,开展非二值化连续型编码振幅调制研究,进而验证相位型调制方法的施用方法,以全波段图像均方根差作为评价成像数据保真度的参数,量化各类编码调制方法与成像数据保真度的关联。构建具有特定空间特征和谱线特征的仿真场景,实施压缩光谱成像仿真实验,比对六类空间编码调制效应下的成像效果,验证非二值化振幅编码调制的施用可行性及相位型空间光调制对提高此类成像方法数据保真度的有效性。     

移动通信信号自动调制识别的谱相关方法

一些不同的数字调制信号有着相同或相近的功率谱密度,但它们的谱相关函数却有明显区别。平稳的噪声和干扰的谱相关为零。利用谱相关函数的这些性质可以识别出噪声中的调制信号。本文提出了一种用于移动通信信号自动调制识别的谱相关算法,该方法可以识别各种主要无线系统和标准所采用的调制类型。     

基于循环谱的MPSK信号识别

多进制数字相位调制信号（MPSK）是一类载波受抑制的相位调制信号,它们具有相位连续,幅度恒定以及抗干扰性强的特性,在军用和民用通信的很多领域都有广泛的应用,研究分类该类信号具有重要的实际价值。在研究分析MPSK信号谱相关特性的基础上提出一种MPSK信号的子类识别算法,利用MPSK（M≥4）平方降阶的性质,提取出MPSK信号的循环谱在循环频率f=0截面的特征,并根据该特征分类完成调制识别。计算机仿真实验证明了该算法在信噪比高于5dB时调制识别率高于95%。     

Hybrid Amplitude-and-Phase Modulation for Analog Data Transmission

Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is extended to two and four dimensions by means of a nonlinear, memoryless mapping to obtain pulse-amplitude-and-phase modulation (PAPM). This modulation requires either the same bandwidth as double-sideband PAM or twice as much but yields a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement factor similar to that of FM with considerably less sacrifice of spectral occupancy. Several signal-space mappings are investigated for Gaussian data. Expressions for output SNR are derived in terms of a linear error above threshold and an anomalous threshold-producing error. PAPM is compared with various modulation techniques in terms of power and bandwidth requirements. The degradations in output SNR caused by carrier phase, carrier amplitude, and sample timing reference errors are evaluated so that requirements for demodulator design can be specified.     

Amplitude modulation with a noise carrier

Consider an ideal amplitude modulation system in which the usual sinusoidal carrier is replaced by a narrow band of random noise, of midband frequency f0and half-bandwidth B; the spectral density and the total power of the output noise of this system are determined. An optical system of this type would use an incoherent spectral line as a carrier, rather than the coherent output of an optical maser. Considerable improvement is obtained by shifting a baseband modulating signal to a frequency band much lower in frequency than f0but much higher than B, before modulating the noise carrier. In an optical system this translated modulating signal might lie in the microwave region. Even so W, the bandwidth of the modulation, must be very small compared to B to attain a high output signal-to-noise ratio.     

基于PSWF框架的非正交脉冲波形调制方法

现有调制方法主要基于正弦函数,并利用其正交性传输信息.本文突破对调制信号的正弦函数约束和正交性限定,从椭圆球面波函数(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Function,PSWF)的高能量聚集性和框架函数系的过完备特性入手,提出基于PSWF框架的非正交脉冲波形调制方法(Nonorthogonal Pulse Shape Modulation,NPSM).该方法利用频谱交叠的非正交PSWF获得了优良的功率谱特性,同时利用框架函数的过完备特性,在提高系统频带利用率的同时,有效消除码间串扰.与目前广泛应用的QAM-OFDM方法进行性能相比,在相同调制幅度数和误码率的情况下有2dB的优势,且该优势随调制进制数增加而扩大,同时其调制信号具有良好的功率谱特性,PAPR性能比相同频带利用率的QAM-OFDM有3dB的优势.     

Optoelectronic amplitude modulators

An optoelectronic amplitude modulator is described, which uses a GaAs diode as a carrier source and a PbS photoconductor as the modulation element. Wide dynamic range, negligible carrier leak and a poor frequency response are features.     

Narrowband acoustic Doppler volume backscattering signal .I. Evolutionary spectral analysis

This paper examines the statistical properties of the narrowband Doppler volume backscattering process and analyzes its evolutionary spectrum. After clarifying the mechanism of both the finite duration Doppler effect and the continuously space-shifted integration process, the first two order time-varying statistics under a more general assumption, i.e., von Mises distribution, of random phase are derived. The generalization permits nonuniform phase tendency, which occurs in layered medium scattering. Based on the locally stationary process model, the evolutionary spectrum of the signal is derived. It is shown that the variation of the backscattering strength enters the spectrum as an amplitude modulation, whereas the variation of the random phase distribution acts as both the amplitude modulation and the frequency modulation. Finally, the observability of the average flow speed using the spectral centroid estimate is discussed.     

Switching Characterization of Cascaded Multilevel-Inverter-Controlled Systems

In this paper, the method of triangular carrier switching control of two-level inverters is extended to cascaded multilevel inverters using phase-shifted multicarrier unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM). The condition for smooth modulation is obtained using the Bessel's function representation of the PWM output and the switching condition of the multilevel-inverter-controlled system. A method is proposed for the determination of the minimum amplitude of the triangular carrier for smooth modulation at fixed switching frequency. It is shown that the multilevel modulation based on the phase-shifted carriers significantly reduces the ripple magnitude in the switching function and allows the use of a smaller carrier amplitude under closed loop. This increases the forward gain and, hence, improves the tracking characteristics. The proposed cascaded multilevel inverter control is implemented for the operation of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in the voltage control mode. The experimental verification of the theoretical and simulation results is provided through a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based control of a laboratory model of a single-phase DSTATCOM.     

Exploitation of spectral redundancy in cyclostationary signals

It is shown that the cyclostationarity attribute, as it is reflected in the periodicities of (second-order) moments of the signal, can be interpreted in terms of the property that allows generation of spectral lines from the signal by putting it through a (quadratic) nonlinear transformation. The fundamental link between the spectral-line generation property and the statistical property called spectral correlation, which corresponds to the correlation that exists between the random fluctuations of components of the signal residing in distinct spectral bands, is explained. The effects on the spectral-correlation characteristics of some basic signal processing operations, such as filtering, product modulation, and time sampling, are examined. It is shown how to use these results to derive the spectral-correlation characteristics for various types of man-made signals. Some ways of exploiting the inherent spectral redundancy associated with spectral correlation to perform various signal processing tasks involving detection and estimation of highly corrupted man-made signals are described     

The Design of Nonlinear Phase-Tracking Loops by Simulation

The design of carrier phase and timing recovery methods for data transmission by means of simulation is described. Results are given for a partial response class 4 data signal transmitted by single-sideband amplitude modulation.     

Analysis of FM and AM responses of a tunable three-electrode DBRlaser diode

Starting with the wave propagation equation, neglecting spatial and spectral hole-burning effects, and using a solving method based on the Green's function, the rate equations are derived for a multielectrode laser. By applying them to a three-electrode DBR laser, tunability and linewidth performance are evaluated, and the modulation characteristics such as the amplitude response and the frequency response are analyzed. It is shown that amplitude modulation can be completely suppressed, and at the same time, a pure frequency modulation obtained if currents are related by an adequate equation. Since this laser diode has many advantages such as a wide wavelength tunability and a narrow spectral linewidth, it will be suitable as a lightwave oscillator or transmitter in future communication systems     

Polarization and angle-of-arrival fluctuations for a plane wave propagated through a turbulent medium

The correlation function of the fluctuations of the depolarized component of a plane wave as a function of the distance between two parallel line-of-sight paths is derived in terms of the index of refraction variations. A first-order solution to the wave equation is found using spectral analysis techniques. The mean square polarization fluctuation is predicted to have alambda^{2}dependence, in contrast to the work of another author which showed no wavelength dependence. Some numerical values are calculated and the restrictions on the solutions are discussed. At optical wavelengths the depolarized component is extremely small. From the point of view of minimizing the noise introduced by a turbulent atmosphere, polarization modulation seems attractive compared to amplitude or angle modulation. The problem of determining the angle-of-arrival fluctuations when using a wave optics formulation is discussed. If one accepts the statement that the angle-of-arrival is the normal to the wave front at any point, then the correlation function of the angle-of-arrival is simply related to the correlation function of the phase fluctuations and agrees with the ray optics results.     

卫星导航系统中的BOC调制和接收技术分析

BOC调制是一种新的调制方式,能够实现频谱分离并能够充分利用整个频带,比传统的BPSK调制拥有更好的自相关特性,以至于能够改善定位精度。由于BOC调制信号在载波频率点处有较低的功率谱密度,因而,在未来的卫星导航系统中使用BOC调制信号将能够减少信号间的干扰。本文详细地分析了BOC调制信号的特点,通过对功率谱密度函数、自相关函数、Gabor带宽和码跟踪精度等参数的分析和仿真,验证了BOC调制信号在相关特性、抗干扰能力和码跟踪精度方面的优越性。并针对BOC调制信号自相关峰的多峰带来的跟踪不确定性会使捕获复杂度增加和带来跟踪误差的问题,本文介绍了几种BOC调制信号的接收技术,可为我国自主研发的导航系统的信号体制设计和系统优化提供技术支撑。     

Multilevel QAM Modulation Techniques for Digital Microwave Radios

A pilot carrier injection method is described together with feedback balance coding which reduces spectral power near the carrier. Robustness of carrier recovery using the pilot carrier injection method is theoretically estimated. The estimation suggests that recovered carrier SNR higher than 40 dB can be expected even under muitipath fading with notch depth of 45 dB located just at the carrier frequency. Signatures for multipath fading are estimated for a 64-QAM system with transversal equalizers as a countermeasure. Measured signatures agree reasonably well with the calculated ones. Dependences of signatures on modulation level, transversal equalizer tap number, and rolloff rate are also shown.