室内空气甲醛污染控制研究

针对甲醛是我国室内空气主要污染物之一的实际,对其现有防治方法进行介绍,总结各方法利弊。并对居民应用较多的药剂法、臭氧氧化及光催化氧化法进行实验研究比较,结果表明,光催化氧化法对气态污染物处理效果最好。联合技术则可综合提高室内空气质量。     

兰州市室内空气中甲醛释放量的研究

为了解兰州市新装修房屋室内空气污染物甲醛的变化特征,通过对兰州市安宁区某户新装修房屋长期跟踪检测,确定室内污染物甲醛的释放规律及影响因素。实验结果表明:一天之内,室内甲醛浓度变化微小;随着季节的变化,甲醛的浓度呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,特别在夏季(7、8月),室内甲醛浓度达到峰值;温度对室内甲醛影响呈正相关;大气压强对室内甲醛影响呈负相关。本研究对改善地区建筑室内空气质量,改善兰州市生态环境,降低能源消耗,促进人居环境可持续发展均有一定的推动作用。     

甲醛与室内空气品质

简要介绍了甲醛的来源，对人体健康的危害，定量测量室内甲醛浓度的一般方法，降低室内甲醛浓度的措施，着重介绍了使用分析方法测量甲醛浓度的原理以及使用触媒技术降低室内甲醛的浓度的方法。     

某家居室内空气中甲醛、氨监测分析

随着我国经济的高速发展和人民生活水平的逐步提高,各种装饰装修材料大批量使用,有毒有害物质伴随装饰装修材料进入人居环境,导致室内空气质量被污染,加之治理或防治方法不当造成二次污染,而危害人体健康。根据《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB50325-2010)要求,对某新建民用居室内空气进行装修后、治理当天、治理后20天三次甲醛、氨监测。结果装修后甲醛含量严重超标,且治理前、后甲醛含量变化不明显,氨含量出现明显变化。因此,控制室内装修污染要选用绿色环保材料,加强室内通风换气,注意防治方法,避免二次污染。     

室内空气中甲醛的污染与治理

采用4160型便携式甲醛分析仪，对新建住宅室内甲醛浓度进行检测，比较甲醛消除剂使用前后家具内甲醛的浓度变化。结果表明，各个房间中，甲醛浓度由低到高的排列顺序依次为客厅〈餐厅〈主卧〈次卧〈书房，在门窗关闭条件下室内甲醛浓度超标率13．5％。以人造板为主材的家具内甲醛浓度高达0．43-1．63mg／m^3，使用甲醛消除剂后30min抽屉及橱柜内甲醛去除率达59．7％及73．1％。甲醛污染宜采用综合防治措施进行治理。     

浅述室内空气中甲醛的危害和预防

本文介绍了甲醛的特性和用途、甲醛污染的危害及室内空气中甲醛污染的来源,提出了对装修引起的室内甲醛污染的预防措施和防治方法。     

浅述室内空气中甲醛的危害和预防

本文介绍了甲醛的特性和用途、甲醛污染的危害及室内空气中甲醛污染的来源,提出了对装修引起的室内甲醛污染的预防措施和防治方法。     

室内空气环境中甲醛标准溶液的筛选比对和确定

文章依据标准规范GB/T 18204.2-2014《公共场所卫生检测方法第2部分:化学污染物》,在其基础上通过对分析纯甲醛溶液和甲醛标准溶液制作标准曲线,考察其线性关系、重复性、加标回收率试验进行比对,结果发现,采用带证书,在保质期内有浓度的甲醛标准溶液比用分析纯的甲醛溶液定量更准确、且该方法操作简便、快捷、重复性好、准确度高,也更为经济,为标准规范的改进和今后工程项目验收中测定并控制甲醛含量提供了参考。     

一种简便取样甲醛测试仪测定室内空气中甲醛含量的可行性研究

甲醛是毒性较大的原生质毒物,具有潜在的致癌性,是室内空气中主要的污染物之一,其检测越来越受到人们的重视。针对这一情况,选取了一种简便取样甲醛测试仪与标准分析方法进行了实验室和现场比对,建立了适合简便、快速现场检测室内甲醛气体的方法。简便取样甲醛测试仪具有轻巧、方便、快捷、实时、准确检测甲醛浓度的优点,从而对检测室内空气中甲醛污染物有十分重要的意义。     

室内空气中甲醛的去除

介绍了物理吸附法、化学法和生物法等去除甲醛的方法的研究概况,指出了今后的研究方向.     

Outdoor Air Contaminants and Indoor Air Quality under Transient Conditions

The indoor concentrations of contaminants originating from outdoor sources have been measured and calculated under transient conditions. The results show that contaminants that are supplied to an office building via the ventilation system can reach considerably high concentration levels. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio and time lag are dependent on the air change rate. In buildings with low air change rates the indoor concentration variations are smoothed out compared to buildings with high air change rates. The results from the theoretical model are compared to the results from both laboratory and field measurements and the model is verified for well mixed conditions in a 20 m³ test chamber. The model can be used to simulate different control strategies for reduction of indoor contaminant concentrations related to outdoor sources. One such control strategy is based on reduction of the outdoor air change rate during periods with peak outdoor contaminant concentrations.     

Relation between Indoor and Outdoor Exposure to Fine Particles near a Busy Arterial Road

Abstract Various studies on indoor and outdoor particulate matter in the urban environment in the vicinity of busy arterial roads in the centre of the subtropical city of Brisbane have indicated that the revised United States Environmental Protection Agency National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US EPA NAAQS) for Particulate matter PM_2.5 could be exceeded not only outdoors but also indoors. The aim of this work was to investigate outdoor exposure to submicrometer particles and their relationship with indoor exposure in a hypothetical office building located in the vicinity of a busy arterial road. The outdoor exposure values and trends were measured in terms of particle number in the submicrometer size range and were then recalculated to represent mass concentration trends. The results of this study indicate that exposure to PM_0.7 particles in ambient air close to a busy road often exceeds the levels of the annual and 24-hour US EPA NAAQS PM_2.5 standards. It is likely that exposure to PM_2.5 is even higher, and may significantly exceed these standards.     

Indoor Climate and Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings

In buildings which were built within the last 15 to 20 years, or which have been retrofitted, and which do notfeature a mechanical ventilation system, air changes between 0.01 h^?1 and 0.5 h^?1 were measured while windows were closed. In the bedrooms of such buildings, when doors and windows were closed, CO₂ concentrations of up to 4300 ppm were measured whereby the 1500 ppm limit was often exceeded. Simulation calculations and diverse measurements using different door positions with simultaneously closed windows have shown that with the door open more than 10 cm, and a minimal air exchange in the whole of an apartment of 0.1 h^?1, a CO₂ concentration of I500 ppm was not or was only insignifiantly exceeded even after 10 hours. Investigations in a dwelling fined with a mechanical ventilation system have shown that air quality and the indoor climate parameters were in an optimal range.     

Relationships Between Indoor and Outdoor Contaminants in Mechanically Ventilated Buildings

Abstract It is shown that comparing measured indoor and outdoor contaminant concentrations can be misleading if the concentrations vary with time and if the averaging periods are too short. In this article an alternative methodology aimed at estimating the internal source and sink effects in mechanically ventilated buildings is described. The methodology is based on both the results from continuous measurements, and calculations under transient conditions. The relative importance of indoor sources and outdoor sources is established by a comparison of the measured indoor concentration and a calculated indoor concentration of a compound. Furthermore, dynamic calculations are used to investigate how the indoor concentrations of contaminants originating outdoors and contaminants emitted from indoor sources are influenced by temporal reductions of the airflow rate. Reducing the outdoor airflow rate during periods with high outdoor concentrations can significantly reduce the indoor levels of pollutants for situations in which the outdoor sources are more important than the indoor sources.     

Indoor Climate and the Performance of Ventilation in Finnish Residences

The purpose of the study was to gather information about the actual ventilation and indoor air quality and to evaluate the differences between houses and apartments with different ventilation systems. A sample of 242 dwellings in the Helsinki metropolitan area was studied over periods of no weeks during the 1988-1989 heating season. The mean air-exchange rates had a high variation (average 0.52 l/h, range 0.07-1.55 l/h). The ASHRAE minimum value of 0.35 l/h was not achieved in 28% of the dwellings. The air-exchange rates were significantly her in the houses than in the apartments (averages 0.45/0.64 l/h, p < 0.001); in the natural ventilation systems they, were slightly her than in the mechanical systems. The average temperature in the bedrooms was approximately 22 °C (range 18–27 °C), slightly but significantly higher in the apartment than in the houses. The average dust depositions were higher in the balanced ventilation systems than in the other systems. The median radon concentration was 82 Bq/m³ (range 5-866 Bq/m³); the Finnish target value of 200 Bq/m³ was exceeded in 17% of the houses but in none of the apartment. The measurements indicate that the indoor air quality in Finnish dwellings is not always satisfactory with reference to human health and comfort.     

室内植物墙空气净化效果的研究

室内植物墙由于具有极高的观赏性和空气净化能力,近年来得到了人们的重视。对利用室内植物墙实现空气净化效果进行了深入研究,在保证植物墙正常存活的前提下,通过植物的选择、空气微循环的促进等手段提高植物墙的空气净化效果。对不同空气污染物进行了净化效果检测,结果表明室内空气净化植物墙可以有效降低室内各种有害空气污染物浓度。     

The Danish Twin Apartment Study; Part I: Formaldehyde and Long-Term VOC Measurements

Field measurements of 21 volatile organic compounds (VOC) using diffusive samplers, formaldehyde, temperature, and humidity were performed from the time of building completion throughout the following one-year period in two new semi-detached twin apartments. One of these was occupied after six weeks. Headspace analyses from all building materials and products showed 120 different VOC. Formaldehyde concentrations were strongly seasonally dependent in the vacant apartment and increased to above 400 μg/m³ during the warm season. The formaldehyde concentration generally decreased in the occupied apartment but increased again during the fall season. VOC originating from building materials generally showed a decrease in emission, but strong seasonal variations were observed. It was shown that human activity introduces several VOC to the indoor environment. Storage of motorcycle parts in the crawl space of the occupied apartment resulted in migration and an infiltration of benzene and toluene into the apartment above and probably to a delayed peak concentration in the twin vacant apartment. Similarly, large VOC increases in one apartment were reflected by a later increase of the same VOC in the twin apartment. Hexanal increased during the warm season. TVOC, as the sum of 21 VOC, was generally approximately 50 % higher in the occupied apartment during the cold season. The results indicate the difficulties in interpreting long-term measurements. The “flushing period” recommended for this type of building has been estimated to be about 130 days.     

室内外空气中CO浓度的变化规律

以CO为示踪气体，通过对上海市某些街道的环境空气受机动车废气污染的程度和有关影响因素进行的监测和分析，给出院 街道中交通废气中CO的浓度分布特征和室内外浓度变化的量化关系，并讨论了待区CO浓度的变化对自然通风房间和空调系统的作用。     

Indoor Exposures To Acidic Aerosols At Child And Elderly Care Facilities

A six-week study of indoor and outdoor air pollutants was conducted in central New Jersey during the summer months of 1989. Three institutional settings for elderly and child care were investigated for the potential of acidic aerosol exposures. The indoor penetration by fine aerosols was < 70% at all three institutions. For locations with closed ventilation, it was 15-25% lower than for the open-window setting. Relative to outdoor levels, indoor acidic sulfate aerosols were 30-57% neutralized. Indoor levels of ammonia were = 10 × higher than corresponding outdoor values, which were consistent with calculated emission rates from human occupants. From estimates of total daily exposure, 75% of the daily dose of aerosol acidity for the elderly was due to indoor exposures. Doses received by the elderly and children ranged from 290 to 1100 nmoles of acid (15 to 55 ug as H₂SO₄) in a 24—h period with “worst-case” dose received by children as high as 3400 nmoles of acid in the daytime. These doses were comparable to the levels observed in clinical and epdemiological studies where health effects result. The daily dose of acid delivered to children was calculated to be 2 to 4 × higher than the dose to the elderly population. The calculations for children indicate that more than 90% of their dose on a summer day may come from outdoor exposures. These data suggest that indoor settings are protective, but children may still be at risk from summertime acidic aerosol exposure, depending on their activities outdoors.     

空调房间3种侧送风方式下室内气流组织的数值模拟与分析

采用雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程与标准κ-ε双方程模型,对常用的3种侧送风方式下的办公建筑进行数值模拟,对室内空气的速度场、温度场以及空气龄进行分析,认为送回风同侧的通风方式优于送回风对侧的通风方式,可获得较高的室内空气品质。