Dehydrochlorination characteristics of waste PVC wires by thermal decomposition

In this work, the dehydrochlorination characteristics of waste PVC wires in ASR have been studied by static quartz tube reactor under various reaction temperatures. The effect of CaO additive has been investigated to eliminate HCl obtained from thermal decomposition of waste PVC wires. Also to obtain the overall activation energy of dehydrochlorination reaction of waste PVC wires, the dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve and its derivative were analyzed. From this work, it was found that Friedman method gave the activation energies of 89.1–166.8 kJ/mol, while Ozawa method gave the activation energies of 94.2–118.6 kJ/mol and the activation energy increased as increasing of conversion. The formation of gaseous products significantly was suppressed and the amount of HCl was obviously reduced by addition of CaO.     

离子色谱法测定复混肥中的氯离子

利用离子色谱法测定环境水样中的阴离子含量,以3.2mM Na2CO3+1.0mM NaHCO3为淋洗液,以20～80mmol· L-1 H2SO4为抑制液,分析测定了复混肥中的Cl-含量.用Metrosep Supp5( 150×4.0mm)阴离子分离柱、Metrosep RP2 Guard预柱,一次进样20 μL,能...     

在复合肥厂建聚合氯化铝生产线的优势

生产1t硫基复合肥,一般副产盐酸〔w(HCl)31%〕0.3t,生产聚合氯化铝是消耗盐酸的项目中优势较大的1个。介绍聚合氯化铝的用途、性能、产品指标;用盐酸与铝酸钙粉生产聚合氯化铝的工艺技术、消耗及投资情况。     

Synergic effect of benzotriazole and chloride ion on Cu passivation in a phosphate electrochemical mechanical planarization electrolyte

In this study, the effect of chloride ion (Cl⁻) in phosphate electrolytes of pH 2 containing benzotriazole (BTAH) developed for use in electrochemical mechanical planarization (ECMP) was investigated at various anodic potentials. According to D.C. and A.C. electrochemical analyses, the inhibition effect of the BTAH passive film formed in phosphate electrolyte containing both BTAH and Cl⁻ was superior to that formed in phosphate electrolytes containing BTAH alone, even at high anodic potential. The effective window for BTAH passivation reached ∼1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl nearly three times that of the ∼0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl recorded for electrolyte containing BTAH alone. According to analyses conducted by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS), the thickness of the passive film grown from the BTAH-only electrolyte at 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl was ∼52 ± 7 nm and ∼55 nm, respectively. As for the passive film grown from the BTAH and Cl⁻ electrolyte, the thickness increased to ∼104 ± 18 nm and ∼106 nm, respectively. The mechanism for the enhanced inhibition capability was that the passive film grown from the BTAH and Cl⁻ electrolyte was thicker compared to that formed from the BTAH-only electrolyte due to the incorporation of Cl⁻ into the BTAH passive film. The ECMP polishing results also demonstrated an obvious step height reduction of ∼1000 nm in a patterned structure for only 60 s polishing at a high potential of 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl under a low downward pressure (∼0.5 psi). Subsequently, this study proposes that the control of Cl⁻ in a phosphate ECMP electrolyte of pH 2 may be useful in enhancing the passivation capability of BTAH passive film, thus expanding the operating potential window.     

有机复混肥造粒用有机粘结剂的研制及其造粒性能的研究

无机粘结剂在有机复混肥上的应用很广泛,由于其存在一些缺点,在有机复混肥中的应用受到限制。利用天然的玉米淀粉合成了一系列的有机粘结剂,用以替代无机粘结剂在有机复混肥上应用。通过试验发现:淀粉粘结剂在有机复混肥造粒中不但能完全满足国家的肥料标准,甚至添加量也仅有物料量的1.5%～3.3%;且大于1mm的成粒率甚至高达98.0%,而且有效成粒率(2～6mm)也达到72.0%,且大型颗粒较少。所以以淀粉生产的有机粘结剂完全可以替代无机粘结剂用于有机复混肥的颗粒化生产。     

Evidence for a compound in Comstock-Kellog glands modulating premating behavior in male desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria

The Comstock-Kellog glands in adult females of certain acridid species, including the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria have been implicated as a source of volatiles that play a role in mating behavior. A dichloromethane extract of the glands was analyzed for metabolites by gas chromatography, coupled gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection, and mass spectrometry. Coupled gas chromatography–electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD) analysis revealed a component that elicited an electroantennogram response from the antenna of adult male S. gregaria. The compound was identified by GC-MS as pentanoic acid. The levels of the compound in the gland extract varied with age of female locust; it was present in detectable amounts only in 14- to 16-day-old females. In bioassays, pentanoic acid significantly stimulated pre-mating behavior in male desert locust. These results are discussed in relation to the biology of the locust.     

尿素硫酸复肥生产新工艺研究

在对尿素硫酸复肥生产工艺现状及研究进展分析的基础上，利用开阳矿进行了优惠工艺条件选择的实验，可得到N－P2O5为18．5－8．5的产品，磷矿转化率在85％以上，并可一步制得复合肥。     

Microstructural development of a vitrified hindered phenol compound during thermal annealing

Structural changes in vitrified 3,9-bis{1,1-dimethyl-2[β-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]-undecane (AO-80) during the annealing process were studied by DSC, WAXD and FT-IR. The initial AO-80 is highly crystalline, whereas AO-80 obtained by cooling from its melting state is an amorphous material. Annealing treatments below the melting point of AO-80 resulted in structural development. In addition, the modification of the crystal formed by annealing treatment depended on the annealing conditions. The IR spectra of various crystal modifications were different. Analysis of the microstructures of the crystals that formed indicated that the crystal formed by annealing at 100 °C is a smectic crystal, whereas the crystal formed by annealing at 80 °C is a nematic crystal. The AO-80 crystal formed within the chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) matrix during annealing at 100 °C is also a nematic crystal. Though the CPE matrix decreased regularity of AO-80 crystals, it raised the growth rate of AO-80 crystals.     

由苧烯合成脂环族双环氧化合物及固化物热性能

以天然产物(R)-(+)-苧烯为原料,通过烯烃加氢烷基化、酯化和有机过氧化物环氧化反应合成得到含有苧烯结构单元的新型双官能团脂环族环氧化合物。利用核磁共振波谱(1HNMR和13CNMR)、质谱和红外光谱(FTIR)来表征反应中间体和脂环族环氧化合物结构。以2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑为促进剂、酸酐为固化剂,采用示差扫描量热(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)方法研究该脂环族环氧固化物的热性能。环氧化合物与甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、4-环己烯-1,2-二甲酸酐和内亚甲基邻苯二甲酸酐固化产物的Tg分别为158、137、150℃。结果表明,脂环族环氧化合物与酸酐固化剂热固化后得到的交联聚合物具有良好的热性能。     

Design composite oxide supported Pt catalyst for catalytic wet air oxidation of ammonia with a high concentration in chloride system

Massive discharge of ammonia nitrogen wastewater not only causes eutrophication of the water body but also has a toxic effect on humans and living things. How to deal with ammonia nitrogen wastewater is a crucial topic for researchers. Here, a novel catalyst of Pt@Ti–Si where platinum was supported on a composite oxide of titanium oxide (TiO₂) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) via a one-pot method was successfully synthesized for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of ammonia with a high concentration (more than 2000 ppm). Due to the improved specific surface area of SiO₂ and the excellent acid-base resistance of TiO₂, the prepared composite oxide-supported platinum catalyst has excellent catalytic performance and good stability for CWAO with a high concentration of ammonia. At 200 °C and the O₂ pressure of 2 MPa for 2 h, the 1%Pt@Ti10–Si1 catalyst has a 96.32% conversion of 2470 ppm ammonia and 97.15% selectivity to N₂ and has good catalytic performance even after five cycles. Under the same reaction conditions, when the chloride concentration in the system is 3000–10000 ppm, the CWAO reaction can be inhibited at an early stage and promote conversion and selectivity at a later stage. The results show that the catalyst has good tolerance to chloride ions, and the treated ammonia nitrogen wastewater can be used for subsequent biochemical processes. Therefore, the developed novel catalyst in this study is effective for the CWAO of highly concentrated ammonia and has potential industrial application value.     

赴西班牙磷复肥生产技术考察

近十年多间我国高浓度硝复肥有了较大发展,但Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５、Ｋ２Ｏ比例仍不能满足农业要求,发展高浓度磷复肥仍是化肥工业今后技术进步的方程和重点。介绍西班牙Ｔ、Ｒ联合技术公司磷复肥生产中管式反应器、文丘里洗顺、造粒机等的工艺参数和技术特点,指出其管式反应器可在低含水量下操作,后系统设备小,节能降耗。     

生物有机无机复合肥生产技术

安徽莱姆佳肥业有限公司用酸析-氨化法处理腐植酸生产有机无机复合肥,然后采用微生物菌剂对颗粒肥进行包膜处理制得生物有机无机复合肥,介绍生物有机无机复合肥生产配方及工艺流程。该肥养分齐全,具有提高化肥利用率、改良土壤、提高农产品产量及品质等的综合优势。     

Evidence of thermal decomposition of fatty acid methyl esters during the synthesis of biodiesel with supercritical methanol

New evidence on the thermal decomposition of fatty acid methyl esters during biodiesel synthesis in supercritical conditions is presented. Thermal decomposition products were detected chromatographically, by applying the UNE-EN 14105:2003 standard, as a broad single peak during the determination of glycerides in the reaction samples. These degradation products could be quantified chromatographically by the above standard because the area of the peak was proportional to the disappearance of the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, which contain two or more double bonds (methyl linoleate and linolenate), generated during biodiesel synthesis from soybean oil. In the experimental conditions tested, thermal decomposition reactions of these unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters began to appear at 300 °C/26 MPa, and were more intense as the temperature rose. For its part, the main saturated fatty acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate) generated during the reaction was hardly decomposed at all in the experimental conditions tested and only began to disappear at 350 °C/43 MPa.     

一种绿色食品专用有机肥的研制与评价

选用褐煤腐植酸为主要有机原料,采用"二次造粒、二级干燥"生产技术,研究和开发了一种绿色食品专用有机肥产品O.F.HA(2.50.51.0,有机质30)。该技术解决了传统有机肥造粒难、难干燥的问题。与复混肥(1648)等养分大田试验结果显示,在供肥充足的情况下,施用O.F.HA,作物增产14.4%～16.1%。     

Characterization of poly(lactic acid) multifilament yarns. I. The structure and thermal behavior

The structure and thermal behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) multifilament yarns were studied by complementary techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). As for PLA filaments, notable differences in the WAXD patterns, DSC curves, and FTIR spectra were observed. The combination of the WAXD and FTIR results showed that PLA samples with different crystallinity contain α‐form crystal structure. The FTIR spectra of the filaments were analyzed to study their crystallinity and crystal structure. The total crystallinity of the PLA filaments was obtained from the percent area loss of the skeletal amorphous band at 955 cm^?1. Crystalline fraction from FTIR and DSC were comparable with each other. The C?O stretching region, which is sensitive to crystallization and dipole–dipole interactions, was evaluated to provide information about chain conformers and crystallinity of the samples. Depending on the processing conditions, double melting peaks were observed in the DSC curves of the samples. This exhibited the structural reorganization of the crystal phase during heating affected by heating and cooling rate. In the DSC curves of the nearly amorphous multifilament yarn, the exothermic peak observed right above the glass transition temperature (T_g) indicated two relaxed and deformed amorphous regions. However, the multifilament yarn with higher crystallinity showed just endothermic melting peak after its glass transition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Study on the thermal behavior of a solution-cast liquid-crystalline polymer film by positron-annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

The thermal behavior of a solution-cast liquid-crystalline polymer (LCP) film was extensively studied by positron-annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). From the positronium (Ps) lifetimes of the first heating process from 40 to 250 °C at a heating rate of 2.5 °C/h, four characteristic temperatures (140, 170, 200, 235 °C) were observed. From a combined investigation with conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the first three characteristic temperatures were found to correspond to reorientation, glass-transition, and softening temperatures, respectively. The fourth temperature was related to the commencement of crystallization, which was observed above about 235 °C from a decrease in the Ps lifetime. A low-temperature PALS experiment exhibited the γ-transition due to rotation of the phenyl moiety at about −53 °C.     

Solid-state ion exchange of rhodium chloride with highly dealuminated Y-type zeolite DAY by thermal treatment and in the presence of carbon monoxide

The solid-state ion exchange of Rh chloride with highly dealuminated Y zeolite has been studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal treatment in vacuum and calcination in oxygen up to 600°C results in an exchange limited to ca. 25% at temperatures higher than 400°C. The ion exchange can be performed much more effectively (over 50%) and at lower temperatures (100–150°C) in the presence of CO in the gas phase. A linear correlation has been found between the formation of well-defined Rh(CO) ₂ ⁺ species and the simultaneous loss of acid hydroxyl groups for samples treated at different conditions. From these results a model is proposed with the formation of Rh subcarbonyls, the migration of these species to the cation positions of the zeolite and, finally, the formation of the stable well-defined Rh(CO) ₂ ⁺ species at these positions as essential steps of the ion exchange in the presence of CO.     

Characterization of a novel silicon-containing hybrid polymer by thermal curing,pyrolysis behavior,and fluorescence analysis

A novel linear silicon-containing hybrid polymer with C  C and Si H linkages, diphenyl-dihydroethynyl-silane (DPHES), had been conveniently synthesized and well characterized. The thermal curing, crosslinked structure and pyrolysis behavior were studied by DSC, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results suggest the crosslinked structures consist mainly of phenyl and aromatic fused rings, which are formed through cyclotrimerization, addition reaction, and hydrosilylation reaction. The thermal properties indicate that the crosslinked DPHES exhibits excellent thermal stability with the temperature at 5% weight loss are higher than 572 and 509 °C under nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively. The fluorescence emission spectra show DPHES and its crosslinked product also have moderate fluorescence properties, emitting purple light, and visible blue light, respectively, which further verified the structure of DPHES. These results suggest that DPHES has the potential to be used as light-emitting materials with excellent thermal properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47403.     

Co-dispersion behavior and interactions of nano-ZrB2 and nano-SiC in a non-aqueous solvent

The co-dispersion behavior and interactions of nano-ZrB₂ and nano-SiC in a non-aqueous solvent were investigated. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and oleic acid were adopted as dispersants to study the stable co-dispersion mechanism in a non-aqueous solvent. Because N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) has a relatively high dielectric constant among non-aqueous solvents, NMP was introduced; NMP was found to exhibit a good affinity with dispersants. ZrB₂ and SiC were mixed in NMP with or without dispersants. ZrB₂ and SiC in a paste without dispersants aggregated due to the poor repulsion force by a double-layer overlapping. The paste with PVDF was more homogeneous than the paste with oleic acid. The steric hindrance effect of PVDF was evaluated using SEM image analysis. FT-IR analysis results show that PVDF and oleic acid were chemically adsorbed onto the particle surface.     

Catalytic synthesis of N-alkylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and 1-adamantanol with a novel solid heteropoly compound

Catalytic synthesis of N-adamantylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and 1-adamantanol has been studied over various solid and liquid acids. Solid acids such as Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀, Amberlyst 15, Nafion, and Nafion–SiO₂ composite gave yields higher than 97% at 373 K, and were superior in yield to liquid acids like p-toluenesulfonic acid, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, and H₂SO₄. It was further demonstrated that Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ exhibited the highest catalytic performance for this reaction in the presence of excess water. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.