Application of Piezoelectric Materials in a Novel Linear Ultrasonic Motor based on Shear-induced Vibration Mode

A novel linear ultrasonic motor based on d15 effect of piezoelectric materials was presented. The design idea aimed at the direct utilization of the shear-induced vibration modes of piezoelectric material. Firstly, the inherent electromechanical coupling mechanism of piezoelectric material was investigated, and shear vibration modes of a piezoelectric shear block was specially designed. A driving point's elliptical trajectory induced by shear vibration modes was discussed. Then a dynamic model for the piezoelectric shear stator was established with finite element(FE) method to conduct the parametric optimal design. Finally, a prototype based on d15 converse piezoelectric effect is manufactured, and the modal experiment of piezoelectric stator was conducted with laser doppler vibrometer. The experimental results show that the calculated shear-induced vibration modes can be excited completely, and the new linear ultrasonic motor reaches a speed 118 mm/s at noload, and maximal thrust 12.8 N.     

芯片键合纵弯复合超声换能器的设计与试验

为了解决当前采用一维纵向超声加载模式进行芯片键合时造成结合面不充分的问题,设计纵弯复合超声能量加载模式的压电超声换能器,实现轴向纵振和水平弯振复合的超声振动代替传统单一的轴向振动. 采用ANSYS软件,对换能器有限元模型进行模态分析和谐响应分析,得到换能器纵振和弯振模态的谐振频率及振型. 通过调节换能器结构尺寸,实现纵振与弯振模态的简并. 采用阻抗分析仪对样机的频率和阻抗进行测试,使用激光多普勒测振仪测试换能器的纵振与弯振幅值,测试结果与有限元仿真计算结果一致,发现纵向与弯曲振幅均随着驱动电压的增加呈近似线性上升趋势, 证明设计的压电换能器实现了纵弯复合振动.     

Design and optimization of the piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer with an AlN thin film

Because existing ultrasonic transducers mostly use PZT and ZnO materials as piezoelectric thin films, while the PZT contains lead and ZnO has the problem of contaminating CMOS manufacturing, a piezoelectric ultrasonic micromechanical transducer with circular bi-laminate bending vibration which uses the aluminium nitride as the piezoelectric layer is designed. The working principle of the transducer is analyzed, the finite element model is established, and the finite element simulation is carried out for the size parameters of the transducer. It is found that the resonant frequency of the transducer is proportional to the thickness of each layer and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the transducer; when the radius of the upper electrode is about 65% of the radius of the transducer, the resonant amplitude of the transducer is the largest; when the thickness ratio of the silicon and the aluminum nitride of the piezoelectric layer is about 0.6, the resonant amplitude is also the largest. The optimized transducer is simulated and compared with the original model. The results show that the working frequency in air is 9.21MHz, the electromechanical coupling coefficient increases from 21.44% to 27.16% in air and from 3.55% to 11.93% in water. These conclusions provide basic data for the research on the medical imaging probe.     

A novel traveling wave ultrasonic motor using a bar shaped transducer

A novel traveling wave ultrasonic motor was proposed. The structure of the motor is rather simple and different from the conventional traveling wave ultrasonic motors. Its production processes are very convenient. It is composed of a stator constituted with a ring and a bar shaped transducer and two cone shaped rotors. The rotors were pressed on inner surface of the ring by means of a pre-pressure system. The bar shaped transducer has a sand- wich-like configuration,where two sets of piezoelectric element are bolted. One set excites a longitudinal vibration of the bar, and the other set excites a flexural vibration of the bar. The ring＇s traveling wave excited with the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration of the bar transducer was simulated with FEM （finite element method）. The prototype of the motor was made and investigated experimentally for its performance. Its maximum torque and rotating speed are 0.25 N · m and 50 r/min, respectively.     

基于FEM的水泥基压电复合材料的性能分析

建立了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的有限元模型,并对其进行了静力分析、模态分析和瞬态动力学分析。得到了水泥基压电复合材料的内部应力应变分布、水泥基体对复合材料压电性能的影响、复合材料的厚度振动模态和在动态载荷下的响应情况。发现水泥基压电复合材料产生的驱动应变和节点应力都集中在压电陶瓷柱上,高泊松比和低弹性模量的水泥基体能够增加复合材料的压电性能;低频下水泥基压电复合材料的振动特性与压电陶瓷相同,且对外部的动态激励有着良好的线性响应。     

超声波轴承用压电换能器模态分析及实验研究

设计了超声波轴承用压电换能器,确定所采用的压电换能器的相关参数,并采用有限元法进行压电换能器的振动模态分析,确定压电换能器辐射端面与其他零件组成摩擦副时产生最佳减摩效果的振动模态,并通过实验研究加以验证.研究表明,压电换能器处于纵向振动状态时产生的减摩效果最好.实验证明,超声振动具有良好的减摩性能,同种材料形成的摩擦副,在超声振动状态下静摩擦系数比非振动状态下降低了70%.     

聚氨酯-橡胶复合阻尼材料减振优化设计

隔离自由阻尼是在传统的自由阻尼结构上建立起来的一种减振处理方法。本文以隔离自由阻尼理论为基础,提出以硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为隔离层、橡胶为阻尼层制备成用于抑制结构振动的聚氨酯-橡胶隔离复合阻尼材料。利用模态叠加原理和Lagrange方程,在考虑阻尼层剪切变形的基础上,推导出了隔离自由阻尼悬臂梁的控制方程。在钢板悬臂梁上敷设隔离层与阻尼层厚度比值为1～3以及具有分段式隔离层的聚氨酯-橡胶复合阻尼材料,并通过单点锤击实验从幅频曲线、复合损耗因子、模态频率等方面对悬臂梁模型的减振性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：隔离层与阻尼层的厚度比值由1增加至3时,模型的振动响应峰值降低了13%～62%,同时损耗因子明显升高;当厚度比超过1.5时,材料对模型低阶模态的减振效果持续提高,而高阶模态的减振效果趋于稳定;分段式隔离层的设计降低了隔离层的抗弯刚度,扩大了阻尼的层的处理面积,模型振动响应峰值降低了27%以上,且并未显著增加阻尼处理的附加质量。研究结果揭示出：在聚氨酯-橡胶隔离复合阻尼材料的阻尼层厚度不变的情况下,增大隔离层与阻尼层的厚度比有助于提高复合阻尼材料的减振性能;分段式隔离层的设计在此之上能够进一步改善复合材料的阻尼性能。     

复合型USM压电扭振子设计及其特性分析

介绍利用国产压电材料设计纵扭复合型超声波电机(USM)压电扭振子的理论和制造工艺,主要内容包括:压电材料的选取,压电扭振子的结构,根据等效电路推导出电机扭转振动模式的谐振频率方程,以及扭振子尺寸计算公式;根据实验总结了压电扭振子的制造工艺、黏接及其注意问题.并利用阻抗频谱分析仪测试了按上述理论设计的压电扭振子的频率特性.结果表明:设计理论、黏接剂的选择以及加工方法是合理可行的.据此研制的样机最大输出力矩已达10 Nm以上.     

界面缺陷对压电薄层复合结构中Love波的影响

基于剪切弹簧模型,建立考虑界面缺陷情形的弹性基底上覆盖压电薄层的复合结构中Love波的频散方程,并研究界面缺陷对Love波传播特性的影响,给出铝基底上覆盖PZT4压电薄层复合结构中Love波的频散曲线.数值结果表明:(1)对于长波情形,不同缺陷程度复合结构的Love波一阶模态的相速度均趋于弹性基底层的剪切波波速,而对于短波情形,则趋于压电薄层的Bleustein-Gulyaev(B-G)波波速;(2)界面缺陷的存在总是降低该复合结构内Love波的相速度,在一些特殊频率范围,Love波的相速度对界面缺陷非常敏感;(3)界面缺陷对压电层内的机械位移模态和电势模态有显著影响,且影响最大区域出现在界面附近.     

压电振动能量采集器的性能分析与功率优化

为了预测压电振动能量采集器的输出特性,优化输出功率,以压电双晶片串联型振动能量采集器为研究对象,综合考虑结构与电路耦合因素,利用有限元法和ANSYS软件建立压电振动能量采集器的有限元机电耦合动力学模型和网格实体模型.分析在外力激振条件下负载电阻对压电振动能量采集器的振动特性和电输出特性的影响,得到不同负载电阻下压电能量采集器的振动特性和电输出特性曲线.通过调节负载电阻使之与能量采集器的阻抗匹配,实现了对能量采集器输出功率的优化,得到了优化的负载电阻和输出功率.研究结果表明,采用压电能量采集器能够输出大的开路电压、大的短路电流,优化后的开路和短路谐振时的最大输出功率分别达到57.81和55.12 W.     

发动机曲轴与正时系耦合动力学研究

为了研究发动机曲轴与正时系的耦合作用,建立曲轴的多弹性体动力学模型,得到了曲轴的扭转振动、曲柄臂圆角的动态应力以及主轴承的弹性流体动力学结果.单独建立了正时系的多体动力学模型,分析了同步带内力及带与各带轮的啮合力.通过联合仿真的方法将曲轴与正时系耦合起来,考虑曲轴正时带轮的力、力矩以及位移的相互作用,得到了曲轴与正时系的耦合动力学结果.结果表明：耦合作用下的曲轴扭振幅略有增加,第一主轴承所受弯矩的变化增加了最大油膜压力以及减小了最小油膜厚度,第一曲柄臂圆角最大应力增加了39%,而正时系动力学受曲轴的影响较小.曲轴扭振实验验证了耦合模型更符合发动机的实际工况.     

Characteristics of ultrasonic vibration transmission in bonding process

The transmitting models of ultrasonic vibration in ultrasonic transducer and capillary were presented according to the propagating mechanism of ultrasonic wave in elastic body. The coupling characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal-complex transverse vibration system were simulated by Matlab software. The ultrasonic vibration displacement and the velocity of high frequency were measured by using the PSV-400-M2 （1.5 MHz） laser Doppler vibrometer. The vibration locus shapes driven by the same frequency and different frequencies were tested by using GDS-820S dual channel digital oscilloscope. The microstructures at bonding interface were observed by means of KYKY2800 scanning electron microscope. The results show that ultrasonic vibration displacement or velocity and energy density increase with the decrease of section area in the transmitting process. The vibration locus shapes driven simultaneously by the same frequency and different frequencies are elliptical （or circular） loci and rectangular （or square） loci, respectively. And the characteristics at bonding interface are improved by coupling loci.     

Coupling dynamic equations of motor-driven elastic linkage mechanism with links fabricated from three-dimensional braided composite materials

A motor-driven linkage system with links fabricated from 3-dimensional braided composite materials was studied. A group of coupling dynamic equations of the system, including composite materials parameters, electromagnetism parameters of the motor and structural parameters of the link mechanism, were established by finite element method. Based on the air-gap field of non-uniform airspace of three-phase alternating current motor caused by the vibration eccentricity of rotor, the relation of electromechanical coupling at the actual running state was analyzed. And the motor element, which defines the transverse vibration and torsional vibration of the motor as its nodal displacement, was established. Then, based on the damping element model and the expression of energy dissipation of the 3-dimentional braided composite materials, the damping matrix of the system was established by calculating each order modal damping of the mechanism.     

双悬臂式压电振动给料器设计与性能分析

现代化的自动装配对物料输送的平稳性和精确性提出了更高的要求,为了满足工业需求,设计了一种采用矩形压电振子作为激振源、以垂直驱动方式工作的压电振动给料器.通过对双悬臂式压电振动给料器进行简化,并建立其动力学模型,推导出固有频率以及装置振幅的表达式,分析了影响固有频率和振幅的因素.利用ANSYS Workbench软件对装...     

压电阀电-机械转换器结构设计分析

为提高现有喷嘴挡板型电液伺服阀的静、动态性能,采用双压电晶片及铍青铜制作出喷嘴挡板式压电阀的电-机械转换器.针对压电层和金属层的宽度、长度和厚度等结构参数对电-机械转换器静、动态性能的影响进行了理论、仿真及实验研究.结果表明：宽度对静、动态性能没有影响,输出位移同长度的平方成正比.长度增大时,幅频宽和基频减小;金属层厚度或压电层厚度增大时,输出位移减小,幅频宽和基频增大.最后对电-机械转换器的振型进行了仿真分析,结果表明满足设计要求.     

非均质系统中主导振动子系统的阻尼辨识法

复合材料以其优越的性能在船舶制造领域应用愈加广泛,钢-复合材料非均质组合系统作为典型的工程结构形式,有着异于单一均质系统的动力学特性.由于实际结构一般较为复杂,试验测试时难以直接确定组合系统中各阶主要参与振动或噪声辐射的子系统组成.为了直观快速地获取复合结构主导参与振动的子系统,从非均质组合系统的主从振动模式和阻尼耗散机理分析入手,结合统计能量分析原理中关于损耗因子的分类描述,对组合系统振动时所表征的阻尼规律进行分析.计算并对比了钢-复合材料组合系统各阶模态内损耗因子,以及分析了其主导振动子系统的能量占比.结果表明:排除声辐射和边界损耗影响后,非均质组合系统的内损耗因子在数值上接近于其主导振动子系统的材料损耗因子,并介于各子系统材料损耗因子极值之间.完成了某典型组合系统的模态识别,验证了运用损耗因子组成规律辨识主导振动子系统的可行性,弥补了试验测试中对复杂非均质组合结构在模态识别方面的不足.     

超声促进钛酸酯偶联剂与CaCO_3表面相互作用研究

使用改性剂对重钙表面进行改性是增强其表面的亲油性,改善它在有机高聚物中的相容性和分散性,以获得更好性能的高聚物重钙复合材料。采用异丙醇溶解的改性剂钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-311分别在超声与搅拌下对超细重质CaCO3进行湿法表面改性,测试了改性重钙活化指数和它在液体石蜡中的分散稳定性。用红外光谱（IR）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）等技术对改性重钙进行表征。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-311用量≤1.0%时,超声分散作用明显地提高了改性重钙的活化指数与其在石蜡中的分散稳定性;随着偶联剂用量增加,超声分散与搅拌分散方法改性对改性后样品性能影响差距减小,形成单层包覆所需改性剂用量接近,约为2.5%。超声分散方法明显地促进了钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-311与CaCO3表面的化学键合。     

Dynamic buffering performance of the honeycomb paperboard filled with polyurethane

A new kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based on the tests results, we analyzed the mechanical behaviors of the material under different conditions and obtained the inherent influencing laws of some factors on the material＇s dynamic buffering performance. It was shown that the dynamic buffering performance varied directly with impact velocity, and inversely with the void diameter, thickness and buffeting area of the composite material.     

复合双压电层FBAR的建模与仿真

在复合单压电层薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)的基础上,提出了一种新型的复合双压电层FBAR,它可以大大提高压电材料选择的灵活性。通过建模得到该结构的输入阻抗解析表达式,据此进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,基模谐振频率随双压电层结构中的较高声速压电膜的厚度所占比率的增加而加速增大,而相对带宽随较高机电耦合系数的压电膜的厚度与较低机电耦合系数的压电膜的厚度比的增加逐渐增加,并且复合双压电层FBAR出现了单压电层时所没有的模式。     

Surface topography of fine-grained ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> ceramic by two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding

The surface quality of fine-grained ZrO2 engineering ceramic were researched using 270# diamond wheel both with and without work-piece two-dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding(WTDUVG). By AFM images, the surface topography and the micro structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding ceramics were especially analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the surface roughness is related to grinding vibration mode and the material removal mechanism. Surface quality of WTDUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, and it is easy for two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile mode grinding.