超声波辅助乙醇提取薯莨色素的研究

摘要：以薯莨为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了超声波辅助乙醇提取薯莨色素的工艺条件。试验结果表明,薯莨样品预先浸泡2h,采用50％乙醇,料液比1：40,超声功率200W,温度为600℃,提取时间25min的条件下,薯莨色素的提取效果最佳。该提取工艺简便、高效且重复性好。     

薯莨提取物制造木材胶粘剂的研究

利用薯莨提取物与甲醛在碱性条件下，可制成薯莨提取物胶粘剂。采用上述方法制成的胶粘剂，可节省化工原料４０％以上。用此胶压制的胶合板；其各项物理及力学指标均达到Ｉ类胶合板具有的水平。     

薯茛色素染色珍珠工艺研究

本文探讨了天然色素薯莨对珍珠染色的工艺条件,并借助扫描电镜观察染色珍珠的表面变化和染色效果。结果表明,薯莨色素具有较好的着色能力,对珍珠显示出良好的染色效果。该色素染珍珠的最佳工艺条件为：0．5mg／mL薯莨色素水溶液,在pH7—8、水浴温度30oC,染色5天-7天,在此条件下染色,得到色泽均匀、稳定,表面光泽度理想的棕色珍珠。     

微标准

正【莨绸服装】1标准背景莨绸又名香云纱、黑胶绸或拷绸,是一种用广东特色植物薯莨的汁水对桑蚕丝织物涂层、再用珠三角地区特有的含矿河塘泥覆盖、经日晒加工而成的一种昂贵的纱绸制品。关于莨绸的记载始于明朝永乐年间,并因其独特的生产工艺和面料风格而使得莨绸服     

薯莨提制栲胶的研究

一、薯莨的调查和分析(一)绪言薯茛(Dioscorea Cirrhosa Lour.)俗名血酱头、羊头芋、砂莲、殊砂苕,是一种多年生的野生藤本植物,盛产于我国广东、广西、四川、云南、贵州、福建、湖北、湖南等省(区)。早在1956年8月,全国供销合作总社,根据各地反映,为发展山区副业生产,为工业提供原料,向研究部门提出,对此野生植物原料能加以研究和利用。     

在变革中寻找未来

正我目前在南通经营着自己的工作室——水色染坊。我觉得自己不是做创作的,而是做研究。这10多年来,我从传统织造(缂丝等)的研究转向了对材料本体(纤维、染色等)的探索,目前主要研究染色工艺和染料。经营方面也从作品销售转向了原料、材料的销售。由于以靛蓝染、薯莨染、红花染等为代表天然染色制作技艺在全国范围内算是比较小众的技艺门类,所以目前还没有形成很大的市场,真正意义上的市场竞争也还未开始。     

肉桂降糖活性成分提取方法的研究

用乙醇回流提取法、超声波提取法、新装置提取法提取肉桂降糖活性成分。结果表明,新装置提取法比回流提取法、超声波提取法提取效率高,且快速简便。新装置提取法提取肉桂降糖活性成分的最佳条件为:多功能提取器装置,提取溶剂为95%乙醇,提取时间2 h,产品粗提率达21.0%。     

加勒比松树皮中原花青素的提取工艺研究

系统研究了以加勒比松树皮为原料提取原花青素的方法及工艺条件。研究对比了常规溶剂浸提、超声波提取及微波辅助提取等方法对原花青素提取得率的影响。实验结果表明,溶剂浸提采用 70% 乙醇溶液时原花青素的得率最高。在3种提取方法中,超声波提取法和微波辅助提取法提取效果较优。前者能在短时间内取得较高的提取得率,而后者需进一步延长微波辅助作用后溶剂浸提的时间才能达到较好的提取效果。超声波提取法的适宜提取条件为: 提取温度 50℃,功率 100 W,料液比1:11,提取时间 1.5 h;微波辅助提取法的适宜提取条件为: 功率 200 W,微波处理时间 30 s,料液比1:11,提取温度 50℃,提取时间 6 h。在上述条件下原花青素得率分别为 7.47% 和 7.69%。     

茶叶中提取咖啡因实验方法的研究

目的：本文研究了从茶叶中提取实验量咖啡因的2种方法。实验室常用的两种方法有提取-升华法和提取-萃取法;提取-升华法是索氏提取器中利用95%乙醇提取-升华;提取-萃取法是热水浸取用三氯甲烷萃取法。结果表明,提取-升华法要比提取-萃取法的效果更好,且更经济实用、安全、环保。     

穗花杉树皮中紫杉醇的提取与含量测定

目的:建立并优化穗花杉树皮中紫杉醇的提取工艺并进行含量测定。方法:以紫外扫描和HPLC相结合的方法测定紫杉醇含量,采用正交实验法对提取过程中提取次数、提取溶剂、提取时间、料液比四因素进行优选实验。结果:影响从穗花杉中提取紫杉醇的主次因素为:提取次数提取溶剂提取时间料液比。结论:正交结果分析得提取次数为3,提取溶剂为75%丙酮,提取时间为2 h,料液比为1∶7为优化选出的紫杉醇最佳提取工艺,穗花杉树皮中紫杉醇的百分含量为0.0034%。     

Comparative study of the extraction methods for recovery of carotenoids from algae: extraction kinetics and effect of different extraction parameters

Carotenoid extraction from algae is currently under intensive research due to the increased demand for naturally occurring compounds, which are especially rich in biologically active isomers. Furthermore, natural carotenoids exhibit greater stability than synthetic ones. Conventional liquid extraction suffers from several drawbacks, such as use of high amounts of solvent, and several extraction steps. In this work carotenoid extraction from algae using different methods, such as microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction as well as pressurized liquid extraction and extraction with supercritical CO₂ and ethane, is summarized together with modelling of extraction kinetics. In addition carotenoid availability, algae pretreatment, stability of extracts, their antioxidative and antimicrobial activities as well as downstream processing and storage of algae extracts have been reviewed. As a conclusion it can be stated that carotenoid extraction is complex, demanding optimization of the carotenoid yield and antioxidative stability, which are often inversely proportional. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

从花生壳中提取天然抗氧化成分的研究

介绍了从花生壳中提取天然抗氧化成分的方法，讨论了溶剂、时间、温度、酸度、固液比等因素对提取效果的影响。结果表明，花生壳的乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化性。     

不同提取工艺的马尾松松针提取物抗氧化性能研究

研究超临界二氧化碳萃取、内置超声提取、外置超声提取、普通醇提4种不同提取工艺制备的马尾松松针提取物（SCDEP、IUEP、OUEP,EEP）,分析4种提取物内总酚和总黄酮含量差异;同时研究4种松针提取物的抗氧化性能。结果表明：SCDEP提取物中总酚与总黄酮含量分别为22．18％和4．96％,含量最高;而EEP中总酚和总黄酮含量最低,分别为13．47％和2．98％。4种提取物具有较强抗氧化能力,SCDEP、IUEP、OUEP清除DPPH自由基和还原三价铁能力均强于丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）,而EEP还原三价铁能力弱于BHT。马尾松松针提取物中总酚及总黄酮含量与抗氧化性具有明显的量效关系。     

红薯叶黄酮类化合物的提取及其抗氧化活性的测定

采用不同方法提取红薯叶中的黄酮类化合物,通过比较提取率及黄酮类化合物的含量,确定用体积分数为60%的乙醇提取为最佳的提取方法,同时采用烘箱贮存法测定了红薯叶黄酮类化合物在猪油中的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红薯叶黄酮类化合物具有明显的抗氧化效果,且抗氧化活性随用量的增加而增强,抗氧化效果好于抗坏血酸和柠檬酸.     

不同提取工艺的马尾松松针提取物 抗氧化性能研究

研究超临界二氧化碳萃取、内置超声提取、外置超声提取、普通醇提种不同提取工艺制备的马尾松松针提取物(SCDEP、IUEP、OUEP、EEP),分析种提取物内总酚和总黄酮含量差异;同时研究种松针提取物的抗氧化性能.结果表明:SCDEP提取物中总酚与总黄酮含量分别为22.18%和.96%,含量最高;而EEP中总酚和总黄酮含量最低,分别为13.7%和2.98%.种提取物具有较强抗氧化能力,SCDEP、IUEP、OUEP清除DPPH自由基和还原三价铁能力均强于丁基羟基甲苯(BHT),而EEP还原三价铁能力弱于BHT.马尾松松针提取物中总酚及总黄酮含量与抗氧化性具有明显的量效关系.     

柚类黄酮抗氧化作用的研究

对柚子不同部位进行类黄酮的提取,同时对柚子类黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明：柚果皮中类黄酮的含量较柚果肉中类黄酮的含量要高。柚类黄酮提取液具有明显的清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基作用,清除率与浓度之间存在着量效关系。柚类黄酮抗氧自由基的能力强于VC,证明了柚类黄酮是一种很强的抗氧化剂。     

酸枣仁抗氧化成分提取及其活性

通过活性跟踪测试,结合正交实验与响应面设计Box-Benhnken实验,对不同提取方法、提取溶剂、提取次数等条件下的酸枣仁提取物进行了体外抗氧化活性测定,以提取率、总还原力、羟自由基清除率、DPPH清除率和总抗氧化能力评价了酸枣仁的抗氧化活性. 结果表明,提取物抗氧化活性最优的提取条件为：76.5℃下回流提取1次、提取时间4.5 h、提取溶剂60%乙醇含量为59.1%(j)、液固比为10 mL/g. 由提取物的紫外及红外图谱判断酸枣仁中抗氧化活性成分为黄酮类物质.     

Correlation of increased antioxidation with the phenolic compound and amino acids contents of Camellia sinensis leaf extracts following ultra high pressure extraction

Antioxidants are indispensable for protecting skin cell membranes against oxidative injury caused by reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. Likewise, phenolic compounds are also important barriers to such oxidative injury. In this study, we examined the correlation between increased antioxidation and the contents of phenolic compounds and amino acids in Camellia sinensis leaf extracts obtained by ultra-high pressure extraction. Compared with extracts obtained by leaching and ultrasonic extraction, to evaluate whether this method can improve the pharmacologic effects of C. sinensis leaves. The ultra-high pressure (50 and 100 MPa) extracts had tremendous enhancement of their extraction yield, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (free radical)-scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, as well as the total phenolic, amino acid, and caffeine contents. The antioxidative effects were promoted not only by the phenolic compounds contents but also by other factors such as the amino acids content in the C. sinensis leaf extracts. These effects showed pressure-dependent increase with the enhanced phenolic compound and amino acid contents of the ultra high pressure extracts. Taken together, ultra high pressure extraction is a potentially useful method for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, because it improves the antioxidative effects of C. sinensis leaves.     

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait

Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are the main active components in fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait, and possess anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiprotozoal activities. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum was investigated with HPLC-photodiode array detection. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as type and concentration of extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to material, microwave power, extraction temperature and microwave time, on the extraction efficiencies of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum were evaluated. The influence of experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency of ursolic acid was more significant than that of oleanolic acid (p < 0.05). The optimal extraction conditions were 80% ethanol aqueous solution, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:15, and extraction for 30 min at 70 °C under microwave irradiation of 500 W. Under optimal conditions, the yields of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were 4.4 ± 0.20 mg/g and 5.8 ± 0.15 mg/g, respectively. The results obtained are helpful for the full utilization of Ligustrum lucidum, which also indicated that microwave-assisted extraction is a very useful method for extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from plant materials.     

响应面法优化超声辅助银杏叶中黄酮的提取及其抗自由基活性研究

目的 对银杏黄酮的提取工艺进行优化,并对其清除自由基活性进行研究;方法 通过响应面法优化乙醇浓度、提取温度、超声时间、液固比对产率的影响,体外清除自由基对抗氧化性进行研究;结果 当乙醇浓度为75%、超声时间控制为2 h、提取温度为80 ℃、液固比为30时,提取产率最高为2.82%,抗自由基结果表明,反应时间10 min清除率趋于稳定,银杏黄酮加入量1.00 mL,抗自由基活性高达68.9%; 结论 银杏黄酮具有较强的抗自由基活性,可以作为食品药品或者美容产品的添加剂.