共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Increase of the photosensitivity of the pSi-n(Si2)1 ? x (ZnSe) x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.01) structure exposed to gamma radiation with photon energy E ph ≥ 2.3 eV has been demonstrated. It is shown that irradiation with dose up to 104 rad raises and radiation with dose up to 105 rad reduces the forward current of the pSi-n(Si2)1 ? x (ZnSe) x structure. 相似文献
2.
For the first time fabricated and investigated the photovoltaic characteristics of Au-Zn x Cd1–x S-Mofilm structural injection photo detectors sensitive to narrow the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, based on polycrystalline Zn x Cd1–x S layers. It was found by adjusting the flow of ZnS and CdS coming to the surface Mo substrate can control the shape of the spectral sensitivity of the Au-Zn x Cd1–x S-Mo-film structural injection photo detectors. The results will allow to optimize the structure of photo detectors and solar cells based on polycrystalline thin film solar cells. 相似文献
3.
A procedure for generating UV photocells in the spectral band Δλ = 350–520 nm with internal amplification is presented. It is revealed that such photocells are characterized by a spectral sensitivity of S λ ≈ 1.3 A/W at a spectral maximum (λmax = 461 nm) and by an integral sensitivity of S int ≈ (25–30) A/lm, which is higher by thousand times than similar parameters of common UV cells. It is shown that photocells based on Zn x Cd1 − x S solid solutions used as a part of a cascade photo converter make it possible to increase significantly the cascade photo converter efficiency with respect to the existing Si and CdTe photocells. 相似文献
4.
A. S. Saidov Sh. N. Usmonov M. U. Kalanov Kh. M. Madaminov D. A. Nishanova 《Applied Solar Energy》2011,47(1):48-51
The results of studies of the structural feature and the effect of low-dose gamma irradiation (up to 105 rad) on the photoconductivity
relaxation and the spectral photosensitivity of pSi-nSi1 − x
Sn
x
(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) structures are described. It is shown that exposure to radiation leads to an increase in the relaxation time constant
from 55 to 83 μs and an enhancement in the sensitivity of the structures in the short-wavelength emission spectrum, which
is attributed to the radiation-stimulated gettering of crystal lattice defects localized in the near-boundaries regions between
Si1 −x
Sn
x
subcrystallites and Si1 − x
Sn
x
-Sn and Si1 − x
Sn
x
-SiO2 phases. 相似文献
5.
The commercial refrigeration and air conditioning consumes more electric power for its operation. The solar vapor absorption refrigeration helps to minimize the electric power usage and it is renewable. Large size of solar collector area is required for producing the standalone power as well as cooling cycle. The integration of power and cooling cycle minimizes the number of components such as heat exchanger, separator and collector area. The main objective of the work is to integrate power and cooling for two outputs with single cycle using NaSCN–NH3 as working fluid. The advantages of NaSCN–NH3 are having high pressure and pure ammonia vapor at the exit of the generator. The integrated cycle is made by providing the turbine at the exit of the generator along with superheater. It has three pressures of generator, condensing and sink pressure, which is depending on separator and ambient temperature. At the separator temperature of 150°C with weak solution concentration of 0.30, it produces the cogeneration output of 284.80 kW with cycle and plant thermal efficiency of 0.49 and 0.20 respectively. 相似文献
6.
This study breaks down carbon emissions into six effects within the 15 European Union countries group (EU-15) and analyses their evolution in four distinct periods: 1995–2000 (before European directive 2001/77/EC), 2001–2004 (after European directive 2001/77/EC and before Kyoto), 2005–2007 (after Kyoto implementation), and 2008–2010 (after Kyoto first stage), to determine which of them had more impact in the intensity of emissions. The complete decomposition technique was used to examine the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its components: carbon intensity (CI effect); changes in fossil fuels consumption towards total energy consumption (EM effect); changes in energy intensity effect (EG effect); the average renewable capacity productivity (GC effect); the change in capacity of renewable energy per capita (CP effect); and the change in population (P effect). It is shown that in the post Kyoto period there is an even greater differential in the negative changes in CO2 emissions, which were caused by the negative contribution of the intensity variations of the effects EM, GC, CP and P that exceeded the positive changes occurred in CI and EG effects. It is also important to stress the fluctuations in CO2 variations before and after Kyoto, turning positive changes to negative changes, especially in France, Italy and Spain, revealing the presence of heterogeneity. Moreover, the positive effect of renewable capacity per capita and the negative effect of renewable capacity productivity are the main factors influencing the reduction in CO2 emissions during the Kyoto first stage. It is possible to infer from the results that one of the ways to reduce emissions intensity will be by increasing the renewable capacity and the productivity in energy generation and consequently through the reduction of the share of the consumption of fossil fuels. 相似文献
7.
The dependence between the composition of Al
x
Ga1 − x
P heterophotoconverters and the effective thickness of their base layers was established. An empirical formula to estimate
the effective thickness of a base layer as a function of the composition of solid-state solution (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) was proposed. 相似文献
8.
In the present work, sol–gel method is used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticle. The characterization of the prepared TiO2 powder is done using Powder X-ray diffraction (powder XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The XRD pattern reveals formation of anatase phase TiO2. The SEM images reveal agglomeration of nanoparticles. The absorbance spectrum of TiO2 nanoparticles was observed with excitonic peaks at 327 nm and the band gap came out to be ~3.2 eV. This prepared TiO2 was tested for photovoltaic performance by using it in the Dye sensitized solar cell (FTO/TiO2/N719/KI-I2/Pt). Conversion of solar light energy to electricity was successfully done using this TiO2. The fabricated cell showed an open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 587 mV and short-circuit current density (J SC) of 5.06 mA/cm2. Maximum power (P max) generated was 1.912 mW/cm2 with a fill factor (FF) of 0.644 and a conversion efficiency of 1.91%. 相似文献
9.
This study analyzes China’s future energy scenarios stretching until 2050 under different policy portfolios of energy security (e.g., oil import dependency) and CO2 emissions control. Four scenarios, namely, ① business as usual, ② strong oil import dependency (OID) control, ③ strong CO2 emissions control, and ④ twofold emphasis on OID and CO2 emissions control, are designed. The results reveal the existence of conflicts among China’s multiple objectives, particularly energy saving, energy security, and CO2 mitigation. Based on the analysis, an improvement in China’s efficiency in fossil energy conversion and the promotion of the utilization of non-fossil energy such as nuclear, wind, and hydro energy are recommended. The over-development of coal-derived fuels should also be avoided because of incremental coal consumption and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, research on and development of carbon capture and storage technologies should be promoted, while the energy efficiency loss caused by integrating these technologies into energy systems should be reduced in view of the high possibility of stricter standards for CO2 emissions in the future. 相似文献
10.
The voltage-current characteristics and electroluminescence of a light-emitting-diode (LED) n/(3C-SiC)–p/ CDIAMOND heterostructure with white glow without phosphor created on the basis of diamond film grown by the CVD method on n/(3C-SiC) substrates with a doped level of (5–8) × 1017 cm–3 are considered It is shown the possibility to improve the characteristics of created LED structures by their irradiation with a flux of high-energy (5 MeV) electrons of a certain dose and heat treatment. 相似文献
11.
1 开发背景
当今社会,我们每天在追求舒适生活的同时,地球上环境的问题日趋严峻,我们不能顾此而失彼,必需把舒适性和环境保护结合起来。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
A chemimechanical (CM) pretreatment method was devised, wherein wood chips are acid-treated to weaken the physical structure then disc-refined to produce a fibrous substrate. CM pretreatment was directly compared with a common dilute acid (DA) pretreatment method, wherein wood is mechanically downsized to a powder or fiber substrate and then acid-treated. It was hypothesized that the CM pretreatment sequence would reduce the energy required for size reduction and increase enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated substrate. By treating wood chips in a dilute sulfuric acid liquor before the mechanical downsizing step, the net specific energy (NSE) of disc-refining was reduced by up to 95%. At the optimal acid treatment and disc-refining conditions determined within this work, CM pretreatment could produce a highly digestible lignocellulose substrate (95% cellulose conversion) while requiring less than 100 kWh/tonne od NSE for mechanical downsizing. A comparison of CM and DA pretreated hardwood revealed that CM pretreatment produced a significantly more digestible substrate than DA pretreatment. Differences in the digestibility of CM and DA pretreated substrates were attributed to differences in physical structure. CM pretreatment produced a substrate that consisted primarily of single fibers and small fiber bundles, while DA pretreatment produced larger fiber bundles. Furthermore, the CM pretreated substrate had a more accessible pore structure, and an altered distribution of surface lignin. 相似文献
16.
低碳经济是减缓和适应全球气侯变化,保障国民经济可持续发展的重要途径和理想蓝图。本文基于笔者及所在团队的研究和积累.就低碳经济的理想与期盼、煤为基础的现实与无奈、清洁发展的行动与瓶颈等具有初始决定性、战略影响性的问题进行系统的分析与解读,指出中国煤为基础与世界油气为主的能源结构截然不同、中国经济的高位增长与欧美经济的低速运行截然不同.强调化石能源的传统式低位利用积重难返、危机日重,清洁能源的商业化规模利用尚需时日、任重道远。 相似文献
17.
19.