面向Agent的软件设计模式

设计模式针对一类在特定上下文中反复出现的问题给出了通用解决方案,模式的提取和重用有助于提高软件开发的效率和质量,其思想和方法已在面向对象软件工程中得到广泛应用和验证。我们认为同一问题采用不同的实现技术往往具有不同的设计形态,不同软件开发范型也有其各自不同的设计模式。作为一种新颖的软件开发范型,近年来面向Agent软件工程的研究取得了长足进展,如何提高软件Agent技术实用性,发挥其技术潜力,扩大其应用范围成为当前人们关注的焦点。本文将模式思想引入到面向Agent软件工程,针对软件Agent技术的特点,从组织结构、交互协作和个体Agent体系结构三个视点提出了一组面向Agent的软件设计模式,以支持多Agent系统的设计;并进一步给出了面向Agent设计模式的描述框架,进行了典型设计模式和应用案例的分析。     

一种面向对象的软件设计模式库的设计

成功地利用模式可以有效提高软件的开发效率和设计质量,通用模式具有较强的普适性,结合具体领域特点形成的实例模式具有更强、更具体的指导作用。为了实现一个辅助设计模式复用的CASE工具,对设计模式的几个面向对象的原则进行分析,提出了一种面向对象的分布式软件实例模式库来存储设计模式,并给出相应的类层次库组织结构、分布式的交互管理和基于聚类的多级索引方法及面向对象的嵌套索引方法。依此存储模式以更有效地管理和利用模式。     

面向方面的信息系统建模方法及应用研究

随着面向对象软件开发技术的不断发展以及软件规模的不断扩大,系统地分析和设计变得日益复杂。软件开发过程中很难利用现有的编程技术（如面向对象编程、面向过程编程）对横切系统多个模块的关注点进行鉴别、理解和模块化。为解决面向对象开发方法中的耦合性较高、可重用性较低和代码分散等问题,将面向方面的编程思想引人到系统分析和设计阶段,提出了一种面向方面的信息系统建模方法。     

基于堆叠泛化的设计模式检测方法

设计模式检测是理解和维护软件系统的一项重要工作.以高效识别设计模式变体和提高设计模式识别准确率为目的，将面向对象度量与模式微结构相结合，提出一种基于堆叠泛化的设计模式检测方法.该方法应用典型的机器学习算法，分别训练度量分类器和微结构分类器，并基于两者的预测值和相关对象模型特征进一步训练，从而形成堆叠分类器.为了评估该方法，基于该方法开发了一个原型工具OOSdpd.该工具从Java字节码级别的系统实现中抽取设计模式实例，并在JUnit等几个经典的开源项目上进行实验.通过与现有的两种工具进行对比分析，实验验证了该方法在提高设计模式识别准确率及召回率方面的有效性.     

Using Reusable Design Patterns in Distributed Systems

The article revealed the software design issues for the object-oriented distributed system. By surveying several existed design issues, the solution of common design issues is conducted which is compromised by design patterns. Each pattern is described according to its functionality which could be valuable for objected-oriented distributed system developer.     

Object-oriented design: A goal-driven and pattern-based approach

In recent years, the influences of design patterns on software quality have attracted increasing attention in the area of software engineering, as design patterns encapsulate valuable knowledge to resolve design problems, and more importantly to improve the design quality. One of the key challenges in object-oriented design is how to apply appropriate design patterns during the system development. In this paper, design pattern is analyzed from different perspectives to see how it can facilitate design activities, handle non-functional requirement, solve design problems and resolve design conflicts. Based on the analysis, various kinds of applicability of design patterns are explored and integrated with a goal-driven approach to guiding developers to construct the object-oriented design model in a systematic manner. There are three benefits to the proposed approach: making it easy to meet requirements, helping resolve design conflicts, and facilitating improvement of the design quality.     

An expert system for the selection of software design patterns

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a prototype expert system for the selection of design patterns that are used in object-oriented software. Design patterns provide one method of software reuse, which supports the goal of improved software development productivity. The prototype system represents an initial step towards providing an automated solution regarding the design pattern application problem, i.e. leading a designer to a suitable design pattern which is applicable to the problem at hand. The feasibility of using expert system technology to aid in the selection problem is demonstrated.     

An effective fault prediction model developed using an extreme learning machine with various kernel methods

System analysts often use software fault prediction models to identify fault-prone modules during the design phase of the software development life cycle. The models help predict faulty modules based on the software metrics that are input to the models. In this study, we consider 20 types of metrics to develop a model using an extreme learning machine associated with various kernel methods. We evaluate the effectiveness of the mode using a proposed framework based on the cost and efficiency in the testing phases. The evaluation process is carried out by considering case studies for 30 object-oriented software systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of a fault prediction model is suitable for projects with the percentage of faulty classes below a certain threshold, which depends on the efficiency of fault identification (low: 47.28%; median: 39.24%; high: 25.72%). We consider nine feature selection techniques to remove the irrelevant metrics and to select the best set of source code metrics for fault prediction.     

The impact of feature selection on maintainability prediction of service-oriented applications

Service-oriented development methodologies are very often considered for distributed system development. The quality of service-oriented computing can be best assessed by the use of software metrics that are considered to design the prediction model. Feature selection technique is a process of selecting a subset of features that may lead to build improved prediction models. Feature selection techniques can be broadly classified into two subclasses such as feature ranking and feature subset selection technique. In this study, eight different types of feature ranking and four different types of feature subset selection techniques have been considered for improving the performance of a prediction model focusing on maintainability criterion. The performance of these feature selection techniques is evaluated using support vector machine with different types of kernels over a case study, i.e., five different versions of eBay Web service. The performances are measured using accuracy and F-measure value. The results show that maintainability of the service-oriented computing paradigm can be predicted by using object-oriented metrics. The results also show that it is possible to find a small subset of object-oriented metrics which helps to predict maintainability with higher accuracy and also reduces the value of misclassification errors.     

Evaluation of object-oriented design patterns in game development

The use of object-oriented design patterns in game development is being evaluated in this paper. Games’ quick evolution, demands great flexibility, code reusability and low maintenance costs. Games usually differentiate between versions, in respect of changes of the same type (additional animation, terrains etc). Consequently, the application of design patterns in them can be beneficial regarding maintainability. In order to investigate the benefits of using design patterns, a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation of open source projects is being performed. For the quantitative evaluation, the projects are being analyzed by reverse engineering techniques and software metrics are calculated.     

Generating code for engineering design systems using software patterns

We illustrate here how software engineers developing engineering design systems can introduce patterns into the conceptual modeling techniques that were developed in the database community and integrate them with techniques that are emerging in the object-oriented analysis and engineering design community. The goal is to raise the level of abstraction used to communicate software specifications and to build applications. This will speed the development and improve the quality of engineering design tools. We show by an example how this can be accomplished through an example software pattern from the software engineering discipline (the observer pattern) [12]. We show how patterns can be automatically supported using the general techniques that were developed in the Semantic Objects, Relationships, and Constraints (SORAC) project [20] for the development of tools, for the specification of databases and for building design systems.     

基于Design Patterns的大型工控软件研究与实践

针对大型工控软件开发面临的各种难题，提出了基于设计模式(Design Patterns)的工控软件设计的解决方案．在大型电力系统监控软件设计中，采用设计模式进行工控软件框架和工位的设计，实现了功能模块的松耦合关系，降低了代码的复杂度，从而提高了运行效率，同时也加快了系统开发、调试的效率．论证了设计模式在工控软件设计中应用的潜力，提出了大型工控软件设计的新思路。     

基于SFTA的桥接模式安全性分析

采用软件故障树分析法,通过一个应用桥接模式的实例研究在软件设计中引入设计模式对软件安全性的影响。结果表明,单纯引入桥接模式,软件的安全性约降低50%,但引入设计模式使得软件模块之间解耦合,通过加入双余量设计,可以使软件安全性提高2个数量级。该结论对安全关键软件面向对象的设计具有指导作用。     

Design evolution metrics for defect prediction in object oriented systems

Testing is the most widely adopted practice to ensure software quality. However, this activity is often a compromise between the available resources and software quality. In object-oriented development, testing effort should be focused on defective classes. Unfortunately, identifying those classes is a challenging and difficult activity on which many metrics, techniques, and models have been tried. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of elementary design evolution metrics to identify defective classes. The metrics include the numbers of added, deleted, and modified attributes, methods, and relations. The metrics are used to recommend a ranked list of classes likely to contain defects for a system. They are compared to Chidamber and Kemerer’s metrics on several versions of Rhino and of ArgoUML. Further comparison is conducted with the complexity metrics computed by Zimmermann et al. on several releases of Eclipse. The comparisons are made according to three criteria: presence of defects, number of defects, and defect density in the top-ranked classes. They show that the design evolution metrics, when used in conjunction with known metrics, improve the identification of defective classes. In addition, they show that the design evolution metrics make significantly better predictions of defect density than other metrics and, thus, can help in reducing the testing effort by focusing test activity on a reduced volume of code.     

应用设计模式的映射层框架的设计与实现

随着对象技术的发展，设计可复用的面象对象软件变得更加重要。目前的许多应用软件与传统的关系型数据库联系在一起。如何建立对象和数据库的映射成了一个需要解决的问题。描述了一个运用了多种设计模式的可重用映射框架，介绍了其设计思想和体系结构，并对系统的各部分功能进行了分析，还就一些具体的实际问题提出了解决方案。     

SiPESC.FEMS的单元计算模块设计模式

基于开放式结构有限元软件系统SiPESC.FEMS,针对面向对象有限元研发过程中不同类型单元的计算特点和要求,采用工厂模式和构造器模式等软件设计模式,提出有限元单元计算的统一构建设计模式.该设计模式具备良好的可扩展性和可重用性.给出单元计算模块中各对象的统一接口及单元插件的定义方法.通过不同单元类型的计算实例展示该模块...     

面向对象可复用软件设计思想分析

软件复用技术是有效利用已有的软件资源，提高软件开发效率，降低开发成本的技术．但是如何才能设计出一个可以复用的软件，这是我们大家都很关心的问题，Erich Gamma博士在这方面进行了有益的尝试，他的研究方法是总结前人在面向对象软件开发过程中所积累的经验，即模式，但是模式是如何总结出来的，在总结模式时，或者说在设计可复用的软件时应该如何思考问题，这比总结模式本身更重要．本文主要从软件复用的关键——隔离变化入手，深入探讨和分析了面向对象的软件系统构造过程中可能发生变化的点，并给出了屏蔽这些变化点的方法，并提出了一个设计面向对象可复用软件的新的可操作的思路、     

设计模式在3G综合业务管理平台中的应用

设计模式在面向对象软件开发领域中得到了广泛的应用,增强了代码的重用性、灵活性和模块化,提高了系统开发的效率。成功运用设计模式的关键在于系统设计者能够准确地理解应用场景和预测使用模式后产生的效果。文章通过在一个3G综合业务管理平台中引入设计模式,阐述了Filter模式、Adapter模式在综合业务管理系统中的应用。     

设计模式及其在AMCCS中的应用

虽然目前已存在多种面向对象的软件设计方法,但在面向对象建模中仍存在不尽人意之处。进行面向对象的软件设计是比较困难的,而设计可复用的面向对象软件就更加困难。设计模式是面向对象建模的一种辅助设计手段,它总结了面向对象设计的成功设计经验,使得在遇到相似场景时可以直接套用。结合民航维修成本控制系统(AMCCS)的开发工作,使用设计模式细化具体组件和部件的对象建模方法,取得了较好的效果。     

基于LePUS的设计模式CASE工具的设计与实现

设计模式是软件工程界的热点，在面向对象软件设计中扮演着重要角色，自动化支持设计模式非常必要。为此，以LePUS语言为基础，提出了一个支持设计模式的CASE工具原型模型，该工具支持设计模式代码框架的自动生成，更重要的是该工具可以通过加入新的设计模式而得以扩展。此外，详细分析了实现中的源程序内部表示、设计模式实例化、动态模板生成技术等关键技术。